- R050029 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Almandine R050029

Name: Almandine
RRUFF ID: R050029
Ideal Chemistry: Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Locality: Barton Garnet mine, Gore Mountain, Warren County, New York, USA
Source: University of Arizona Mineral Museum 4307 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Reddish brown fragments
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ garnet (97) ]

Quick search: [ All Almandine samples (14) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R050029.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Fe²⁺_1.34Mg_1.26Ca_0.37Mn_0.03)_Σ=3Al_2.00(Si_1.00O₄)₃
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented, mounted onto a pin and polished

Pin ID:

L00523

Orientation:

Laser parallel to a* (1 0 0). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to b [0 1 0].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R050029

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R050029.1

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R050029.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 11.5442(2)Å b: 11.5442(2)Å c: 11.5442(2)Å
alpha: 90.° beta: 90.° gamma: 90.° Volume: 1538.48(9)Å³ Crystal System: cubic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Almandine
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436
Manning P G (1967) The optical absorption spectra of the garnets almandine-pyrope, pyrope and spessartine and some structural interpretations of mineralogical significance, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 237-251 [view file]
Green D H, Lockwood J P, Kiss E (1968) Eclogite and almandine-jadeite-quartz rock from the Guajira Peninsula, Columbia, South America, American Mineralogist, 53, 1320-1335 [view file]
Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]
Emiliani F, Venturelli G (1972) Sharp compositional zoning in an almandine garnet, The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 464-472 [view file]
Crawford M L (1977) Calcium zoning in almandine garnet, Wissahickon Formation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 243-249 [view file]
Shimazaki H (1977) Grossular-spessartine-almandine garnets from some Japanese scheelite skarns, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 74-80 [view file]
Speer J A (1981) Petrology of cordierite– and almandine–bearing granitoid plutons of the southern Appalachian Piedmont, U.S.A., The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 35-46 [view file]
Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]
Armbruster T, Geiger C A, Lager G A (1992) Single-crystal X-Ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K, American Mineralogist, 77, 512-521 [view file]
Griffen D T, Hatch D M, Phillips W R, Kulaksiz S (1992) Crystal chemistry and symmetry of a birefringent tetragonal pyralspite₇₅–grandite₂₅ garnet, American Mineralogist, 77, 399-406 [view file]
Newton R C, Harlov D E (1993) Standard thermodynamic properties of almandine, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 391-399 [view file]
Pinet M, Smith D C (1994) Raman microspectrometry of garnets X₃Y₂Z₃O₁₂ 2. The natural aluminium series pyrope-almandine-spessartine, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 74, 161-179 [link]
Woodland A B, Ross C R (1994) —A crystallographic and mössbauer spectroscopy study of Fe²⁺₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂—Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂Si₃O₁₂, (almandine-"skiagite") and Ca₃Fe³⁺₂Si₃O₁₂—Fe²⁺₃Fe^{3+₂Si₃O₁₂ (andradite-"skiagite") garnet solid solutions, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 21, 117-132 [view file]}
Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250
Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1997) Raman scattering in silicate garnets an investigation of their resonance intensities, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 659-662 [link]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]
Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25
Arredondo E H, Rossman G R (2002) Feasibility of determining the quantitative OH content of garnets with Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 87, 307-311 [view file]
Boffa Ballaran T, Carpenter M A (2003) Line broadening and enthalpy: Some empirical calibrations of solid solution behaviour from IR spectra, Phase Transitions, 76, 137-154
Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]
Taran M N, Dyar M D, Matsyuk S S (2007) Optical absorption study of natural garnets of almandine-skiagite composition showing intervalence Fe²⁺ + Fe³⁺ —› Fe³⁺ + Fe²⁺ charge-transfer transition, American Mineralogist, 92, 753-760 [view file]
Dachs E, Geiger C A, Benisek A (2012) Almandine: Lattice and non-lattice heat capacity behavior and standard thermodynamic properties, American Mineralogist, 97, 1771-1782 [view file]
Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782
Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]
Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784
Moscati R J, Johnson C A (2014) Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1029-1041
Geiger C A, Rossman G R (2018) IR spectroscopy and OH^- in silicate garnet: The long quest to document hydrogarnet substitution, American Mineralogist, 103, 384-393
Urosevic M, Nebel O, Padrón-Navarta J A, Rubatto D (2018) Assessment of O and Fe isotope heterogeneity in garnet from Kakanui (New Zealand) and Erongo (Namibia), European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 695-710
Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463
Liu Z, Gréaux S, Cai N, Siersch N, Ballaran T B, Irifune T, Frost D J (2019) Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets, American Mineralogist, 104, 929-935

REFERENCES for Almandine

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436

Manning P G (1967) The optical absorption spectra of the garnets almandine-pyrope, pyrope and spessartine and some structural interpretations of mineralogical significance, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 237-251 [view file]

Green D H, Lockwood J P, Kiss E (1968) Eclogite and almandine-jadeite-quartz rock from the Guajira Peninsula, Columbia, South America, American Mineralogist, 53, 1320-1335 [view file]

Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]

Emiliani F, Venturelli G (1972) Sharp compositional zoning in an almandine garnet, The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 464-472 [view file]

Crawford M L (1977) Calcium zoning in almandine garnet, Wissahickon Formation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 243-249 [view file]

Shimazaki H (1977) Grossular-spessartine-almandine garnets from some Japanese scheelite skarns, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 74-80 [view file]

Speer J A (1981) Petrology of cordierite– and almandine–bearing granitoid plutons of the southern Appalachian Piedmont, U.S.A., The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 35-46 [view file]

Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]

Armbruster T, Geiger C A, Lager G A (1992) Single-crystal X-Ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K, American Mineralogist, 77, 512-521 [view file]

Griffen D T, Hatch D M, Phillips W R, Kulaksiz S (1992) Crystal chemistry and symmetry of a birefringent tetragonal pyralspite₇₅–grandite₂₅ garnet, American Mineralogist, 77, 399-406 [view file]

Newton R C, Harlov D E (1993) Standard thermodynamic properties of almandine, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 391-399 [view file]

Pinet M, Smith D C (1994) Raman microspectrometry of garnets X₃Y₂Z₃O₁₂ 2. The natural aluminium series pyrope-almandine-spessartine, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 74, 161-179 [link]

Woodland A B, Ross C R (1994) —A crystallographic and mössbauer spectroscopy study of Fe²⁺₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂—Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂Si₃O₁₂, (almandine-"skiagite") and Ca₃Fe³⁺₂Si₃O₁₂—Fe²⁺₃Fe^{3+₂Si₃O₁₂ (andradite-"skiagite") garnet solid solutions, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 21, 117-132
[view file]}

Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250

Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1997) Raman scattering in silicate garnets an investigation of their resonance intensities, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 659-662 [link]

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]

Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25

Arredondo E H, Rossman G R (2002) Feasibility of determining the quantitative OH content of garnets with Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 87, 307-311 [view file]

Boffa Ballaran T, Carpenter M A (2003) Line broadening and enthalpy: Some empirical calibrations of solid solution behaviour from IR spectra, Phase Transitions, 76, 137-154

Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]

Taran M N, Dyar M D, Matsyuk S S (2007) Optical absorption study of natural garnets of almandine-skiagite composition showing intervalence Fe²⁺ + Fe³⁺ —› Fe³⁺ + Fe²⁺ charge-transfer transition, American Mineralogist, 92, 753-760 [view file]

Dachs E, Geiger C A, Benisek A (2012) Almandine: Lattice and non-lattice heat capacity behavior and standard thermodynamic properties, American Mineralogist, 97, 1771-1782 [view file]

Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782

Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]

Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784

Moscati R J, Johnson C A (2014) Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1029-1041

Geiger C A, Rossman G R (2018) IR spectroscopy and OH^- in silicate garnet: The long quest to document hydrogarnet substitution, American Mineralogist, 103, 384-393

Urosevic M, Nebel O, Padrón-Navarta J A, Rubatto D (2018) Assessment of O and Fe isotope heterogeneity in garnet from Kakanui (New Zealand) and Erongo (Namibia), European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 695-710

Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463

Liu Z, Gréaux S, Cai N, Siersch N, Ballaran T B, Irifune T, Frost D J (2019) Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets, American Mineralogist, 104, 929-935