Birnessite R060918
Name: Birnessite
RRUFF ID: R060918
Ideal Chemistry: (Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O
Locality: St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada
Source: Royal Ontario Museum M52445
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Dark brown coating over a serandite crystal. Serandite verified by X-ray diffraction.
Status: The identification of this mineral is not yet confirmed.
CHEMISTRY 
RRUFF ID: R060918.2
Sample Description: Microprobe Fragment
RAMAN SPECTRUM 
RRUFF ID:
Sample Description: Unoriented sample
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BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS
RRUFF ID: R060918
Wavelength:
Sample Description: Unoriented sample
Instrument settings: Thermo Almega XR 785nm @ 100% of 500mW
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Raman Data (RAW) View Graph
RRUFF File
POWDER DIFFRACTION 
RRUFF ID: R060918.1
Sample Description: powder, showing that bulk of the sample is serandite
  File Type Information Close
Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

  File Type Information Close
Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

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X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
RRUFF File
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RRUFF File
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REFERENCES for Birnessite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Jones L H P, Milne A A (1956) Birnessite, a new manganese oxide mineral from Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Mineralogical Magazine, 31, 283-288   [view file]

Fleischer M (1957) New mineral names, American Mineralogist, 42, 440-444   [view file]

Fleischer M (1964) New mineral names, American Mineralogist, 49, 439-448   [view file]

Dunn P J, Fleischer M, Francis C A, Langley R H, Kissin S A, Shigley J E, Vanko D A, Zilczer J A (1984) New mineral names, American Mineralogist, 69, 810-815   [view file]

Post J E, Veblen D R (1990) Crystal structure determinations of synthetic sodium, magnesium, and potassium birnessite using TEM and the Rietveld method, American Mineralogist, 75, 477-489   [view file]

Manceau A, Gorshkov A I, Drits V A (1992) Structural chemistry of Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni in manganese hydrous oxides: Part II. Information from EXAFS spectroscopy and electron and X-ray diffraction, American Mineralogist, 77, 1144-1157   [view file]

Yang D S, Wang M K (2002) Syntheses and characterization of birnessite by oxidizing pyrochroite in alkaline conditions, Clays and Clay Minerals, 50, 63-69   [link]

Frankel R B, Bazylinski D A (2003) Biologically induced mineralization by bacteria, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 54, 95-114

Ertl A, Pertlik F, Prem M, Post J E, Kim S J, Brandstatter F, Schuster R (2005) Ranciéite crystals from Friesach, Carinthia, Austria, European Journal of Mineralogy, 17, 163-172

Villalobos M, Lanson B, Manceau A, Toner B, Sposito G (2006) Structural model for the biogenic Mn oxide produced by Psuedomonas putida, American Mineralogist, 91, 489-502   [view file]

Drits V A, Lanson B, Gaillot A (2007) Birnessite polytype systematics and identification by powder X-ray differaction, American Mineralogist, 92, 771-788   [view file]

Lopano C L, Heaney P J, Post J E, Hanson J, Komarneni S (2007) Time-resolved structural analysis of K- and Ba-exchange reactions with synthetic Na-birnessite using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, American Mineralogist, 92, 380-387   [view file]

Lopano C L, Heaney P J, Post J E (2009) Cs-exchange in birnessite: Reaction mechanisms inferred from time-resolved X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, American Mineralogist, 94, 816-826