%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 5 /Kids [ 42 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (A-PDF \(www.a-pdf.com\)) /Creator (A-PDF \(www.a-pdf.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20070605105515+07'00') /ModDate (D:20070605105515+07'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 0 /LC /QQAP >> stream endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 42 0 R /Resources 7 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /Contents [ 8 0 R 80 0 R ] >> endobj 7 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ] /Font << /F2 52 0 R /F3 48 0 R /F5 64 0 R /F7 27 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 9 0 R /Im2 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 76 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 54 0 R >> >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Length 8742 >> stream BT /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 98.95 688.07 Tm /Cs5 cs 0 0 0 sc /GS1 gs 0.0018 Tc 0 Tw (1476)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 253.27 688.07 Tm 0.0071 Tc (THE)Tj 9 0 0 9 265.63 688.07 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 268.27 688.07 Tm 0.0071 Tc (CANADIAN)Tj 9 0 0 9 302.23 688.07 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 304.87 688.07 Tm 0.0071 Tc (MINERALOGIST)Tj 9.5 0 0 9.5 172.33 668.39 Tm 0 Tc (I)Tj 6.7 0 0 6.7 175.51 668.39 Tm 0.0002 Tc (NTRODUCTION)Tj 9 0 0 9 110.95 648.41 Tm 0.0019 Tc 0.125 Tw (Baksanite, ideally Bi)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 188.83 647.03 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (6)Tj 9 0 0 9 191.95 648.41 Tm 0.0019 Tc (\(Te)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 204.49 647.03 Tm 0 Tc (2)Tj 9 0 0 9 207.67 648.41 Tm (S)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 212.71 647.03 Tm (3)Tj 9 0 0 9 215.83 648.41 Tm 0.0019 Tc 0.125 Tw (\), is a complex sulfo-)Tj -12.9867 -1.1133 TD 0.0176 Tc (telluride of bismuth that was recently described by)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Pekov )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7 0 TD -0.05 Tw (et al.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 1.9533 0 TD [( \(1996\) in a magnetiteandradite skarn from)]TJ -4.6533 -1.1067 TD 0.0248 Tc 0.125 Tw (the Tyrnyauz WMo deposit, Baksan River valley)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD 0.0172 Tc (\(northern Caucasus\), KabardinoBalkaria Republic,)Tj T* 0.0151 Tc (Russian Federation. The mineral occurs in voids in)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD 0.0001 Tc [(aggregates of andradite, calcite, chlorite, and stilpno-)]TJ 0 -1.1133 TD 0.0131 Tc (melane, and contains inclusions of native gold and,)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.1 Tw (rarely, intergrowths of ingodite and josite-A. On the)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD 0.0605 Tw (basis of electron-microprobe data, Pekov )Tj /F3 1 Tf 16.96 0 TD (et al.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 2.06 0 TD [( \(1996\))]TJ -19.02 -1.1133 TD 0.1176 Tw (obtained the chemical formula \(Bi)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 226.63 547.07 Tm 0 Tw (5.78)Tj 9 0 0 9 237.67 548.39 Tm (Pb)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 247.15 547.07 Tm (0.16)Tj 9 0 0 9 258.19 548.39 Tm (Sb)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 267.73 547.07 Tm (0.02)Tj 9 0 0 9 278.77 548.39 Tm (\))Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.3 0 0 6.3 281.71 547.07 Tm ()Tj /F2 1 Tf 0.6667 0 TD (5.96)Tj 9 0 0 9 98.95 538.37 Tm (\(Te)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 111.43 537.05 Tm (1.77)Tj 9 0 0 9 122.47 538.37 Tm (S)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 127.45 537.05 Tm (3.27)Tj 9 0 0 9 138.49 538.37 Tm 0.0558 Tw (\) and classed the mineral as a new member)Tj -4.3933 -1.1067 TD 0.0007 Tw (of the tetradymite group \(II/D. 1070, Strunz & Nickel)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD 0.0042 Tc 0.125 Tw (2001\). They described the mineral as trigonal, space)Tj T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (group )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.6667 0 TD (P)Tj /F2 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 128.47 509.87 Tm ()Tj 9 0 0 9 128.59 508.37 Tm (3)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5 0 TD (m)Tj /F2 1 Tf 0.7267 0 TD 0.085 Tw (1, with )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.2 0 TD 0 Tw (a)Tj /F2 1 Tf 0.5 0 TD 0.085 Tw [( 4.249\(2\), )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.3333 0 TD 0 Tw (c)Tj /F2 1 Tf 0.44 0 TD 0.085 Tw [( 62.82\(5\) , )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.3933 0 TD 0 Tw (V)Tj /F2 1 Tf 0.6133 0 TD 0.085 Tw [( 982\(1\))]TJ -19 -1.1067 TD 0 Tw ()Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 105.43 501.53 Tm (3)Tj 9 0 0 9 108.61 498.41 Tm (.)Tj 0.26 -1.1133 TD 0.0473 Tw (In the course of a research project dealing with the)Tj -1.3333 -1.1133 TD 0.0006 Tc 0.1251 Tw [(characterization of telluride minerals in the historical)]TJ 0 -1.1067 TD -0.0037 Tc -0.05 Tw (mineralogical collection of the Natural History Museum)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD 0 Tc 0.046 Tw (of the University of Florence, we discovered a sample)Tj T* 0.0129 Tc 0.125 Tw (of Pb-rich baksanite in a magnetiteandradite skarn)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD -0.0046 Tc -0.05 Tw (from the type locality \(catalogue number 2383/I, labeled)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD 0 Tc -0.0042 Tw (tetradymite\). Associated minerals are bismuthinite, tet-)Tj T* 0.0799 Tw (radymite, josite-A and ingodite; gangue minerals are)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD 0.1047 Tw (calcite and andradite. The mineral occurs as anhedral)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD 0.0101 Tc 0.125 Tw (grains up to 0.5 mm across, closely associated with)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw (bismuthinite \(Fig. 1\).)Tj 1.3333 -1.1133 TD -0.0273 Tw (The major purpose of our investigation is to provide)Tj -1.3333 -1.1133 TD 0.0025 Tc 0.125 Tw (optical and physical properties, reflectivity, chemical)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD -0.0043 Tc -0.05 Tw (and X-ray data for the plumbian variety of baksanite and)Tj 23.3333 34.44 TD 0 Tc 0.0078 Tw (to test the theoretical structural model proposed for the)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD 0.0244 Tw (original baksanite.)Tj 9.5 0 0 9.5 384.61 638.39 Tm 0 Tw (O)Tj 6.7 0 0 6.7 391.45 638.39 Tm -0.0003 Tc (CCURRENCE)Tj 9 0 0 9 320.95 618.41 Tm 0.0059 Tc 0.125 Tw (The tungsten and molybdenum mining and bene-)Tj -1.3333 -1.1133 TD 0.0089 Tc (ficiation complex in the Northern Caucasus was the)Tj T* -0.0053 Tc -0.05 Tw (former Soviet Unions largest producer of tungsten from)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD 0 Tc 0.0419 Tw (tungsten skarns \(0.14% WO)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 411.55 587.03 Tm 0 Tw (3)Tj 9 0 0 9 414.73 588.41 Tm 0.0419 Tw (\), with an original annual)Tj -11.7533 -1.1133 TD 0.0099 Tc 0.125 Tw (capacity of 42,000 t of tungsten concentrate. At the)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.1 Tw (Tyrnyauz deposit, mining began in 1940, and surface)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD -0.0315 Tw (mining was stopped in 1995. Only underground mining)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD -0.0076 Tc -0.05 Tw [(of the deepest and richest deposits \(with an average WO)]TJ 6.3 0 0 6.3 503.83 547.07 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (3)Tj 9 0 0 9 308.95 538.37 Tm -0.0042 Tc -0.05 Tw (content of 0.19%\) remained profitable in the second half)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD 0.0417 Tc 0.1251 Tw [(of the 1990s. The main ore minerals, molybdian)]TJ 0 -1.1133 TD 0 Tc 0.1072 Tw (scheelite, scheelite and molybdenite, crystallized dur-)Tj T* 0.0841 Tw (ing the acid-leaching and deposition stages of the hy-)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD -0.0013 Tc -0.05 Tw (drothermalmetasomatic process. The physicochemical)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD 0.0447 Tc 0.125 Tw (conditions of deposition of molybdian scheelite,)Tj T* -0.0005 Tc -0.05 Tw (scheelite and molybdenite and the relevant assemblages)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD 0 Tc -0.0269 Tw (were studied as a function of the concentration of metal)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD -0.0477 Tw (and alkali chlorides, activity of sulfur and oxygen, acid-)Tj T* 0.0291 Tw (ityalkalinity and temperature of ore-bearing solutions)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD 0.0241 Tw (by Rekharskii )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.8867 0 TD (et al.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 2.02 0 TD [( \(1997\).)]TJ 9.5 0 0 9.5 369.31 418.37 Tm 0 Tw (P)Tj 6.7 0 0 6.7 374.59 418.37 Tm (HYSICAL)Tj 9.5 0 0 9.5 403.39 418.37 Tm 0.0126 Tc ( P)Tj 6.7 0 0 6.7 411.19 418.37 Tm 0 Tc (ROPERTIES)Tj 9 0 0 9 320.95 398.39 Tm 0.092 Tw (Plumbian baksanite is dark steel-grey in color and)Tj -1.3333 -1.1067 TD 0.01 Tc 0.125 Tw (shows a black streak. The mineral is opaque with a)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD 0.037 Tc (metallic luster. It has a perfect {0001} cleavage,)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.0115 Tw (whereas the fracture is uneven. As in other members of)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD 0.0249 Tc 0.125 Tw [(the tetradymite group \(Bayliss 1991, Clarke 1997,)]TJ 0 -1.1133 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (Spiridonov )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.8 0 TD 0.1077 Tw (et al.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 2.1133 0 TD [( 1989\), some fragments of baksanite)]TJ -6.9133 -1.1133 TD -0.015 Tw (exhibit a platy to flaky morphology \(Fig. 2\). The domi-)Tj 0 -1.1067 TD -0.0168 Tw (nant form is {0001}, and twinning is not observed. The)Tj 0 -1.1133 TD 0.03 Tw (calculated density of this mineral \(for )Tj /F3 1 Tf 15.4533 0 TD 0 Tw (Z )Tj /F2 1 Tf 0.8333 0 TD 0.0299 Tw (= 3\) is 7.44 g/)Tj -16.2867 -1.1133 TD -0.0036 Tc 0 Tw (cm)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 319.93 311.57 Tm 0 Tc (3)Tj 9 0 0 9 322.99 308.39 Tm -0.0036 Tc -0.05 Tw [( for \(Bi)]TJ 6.3 0 0 6.3 348.37 307.07 Tm 0 Tw (4.94)Tj 9 0 0 9 359.29 308.39 Tm (Pb)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 368.71 307.07 Tm (0.96)Tj 9 0 0 9 379.63 308.39 Tm 0 Tc (\))Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.3 0 0 6.3 382.63 307.07 Tm ()Tj /F2 1 Tf 0.6667 0 TD -0.0036 Tc (5.90)Tj 9 0 0 9 397.75 308.39 Tm (\(Te)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 410.17 307.07 Tm (2.03)Tj 9 0 0 9 421.03 308.39 Tm 0 Tc (S)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 426.07 307.07 Tm -0.0036 Tc (3.06)Tj 9 0 0 9 436.93 308.39 Tm -0.05 Tw (\) and 7.51 g/cm)Tj 6.3 0 0 6.3 491.59 311.57 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (3)Tj 9 0 0 9 494.77 308.39 Tm -0.0036 Tc -0.05 Tw [( for)]TJ ET q 1 i 98.95 327.05 198 -187.98 re W n q 198.0001 0 0 188.0121 98.95 139.07 cm /Im1 Do Q Q BT 8 0 0 8 98.95 119.57 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (F)Tj 6 0 0 6 103.33 119.57 Tm -0.0045 Tc (IG)Tj 8 0 0 8 109.63 119.57 Tm -0.0034 Tc -0.0625 Tw [(. 1.)-1000.2(Back-scattered electron microphotograph showing the)]TJ 0.165 -1.125 TD 0.0108 Tc 0.125 Tw (relations between plumbian baksanite \(white grey\) and)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.0124 Tw (bismuthinite \(dark grey\). Scale bar is indicated.)Tj ET q 197.9998 0 0 139.8604 308.95 139.07 cm /Im2 Do Q BT 8 0 0 8 308.95 118.07 Tm 0 Tw (F)Tj 6 0 0 6 313.51 118.07 Tm 0.0138 Tc (IG)Tj 8 0 0 8 319.99 118.07 Tm 0.0103 Tc 0.125 Tw [(.)5.3( 2.)-1004.1(Secondary electron photograph showing the platy)]TJ 0.12 -1.125 TD 0 Tc -0.0619 Tw (morphology of plumbian baksanite. Width of field of view:)Tj T* 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (375)Tj /F7 1 Tf 1.5 0 TD 0 Tc ()Tj /F2 1 Tf 0.5775 0 TD 0.0004 Tc (m.)Tj ET endstream endobj 9 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 437 /Height 415 /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /Length 99038 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream HWoS;gxo۱mE_ҶROR6ؐ8X.- vj UJ/?J-x{ΙB N4ͱ=ܙ9J)hE7(!2Nj~yݘ~K}֓mꦾ"*ІWݮ9c4 XvAo=whF`Ǩm}%ֳ 1TDZ=l