R070675 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Whitlockite R070675

Name: Whitlockite
RRUFF ID: R070675
Ideal Chemistry: Ca₉Mg(PO₃OH)(PO₄)₆
Locality: Palermo mine, North Groton, New Hampshire, USA
Source: Rock Currier [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Colorless blocky modified rhombic crystals
Status: The identification of this mineral is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis.

Mineral Group: [ Cerite (11) ]

Quick search: [ All Whitlockite samples (2) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R070675.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Ca_8.70Na_0.27Sr_0.02Mn_0.01)(Mg_0.73Fe³⁺_0.19Al_0.08)(P_1.00O₄)₆(P_1.00O₃((OH)_0.58F_0.42)); OH estimated by charge balance
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented and mounted on a pin.

Pin ID:

M00295

Orientation:

Laser parallel to c* (0 0 1). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to a [1 0 0].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R070675

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R070675.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 10.347(2)Å b: 10.347(2)Å c: 37.089(5)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 120° Volume: 3438.6(8)Å³ Crystal System: hexagonal

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Whitlockite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Frondel C (1941) Whitlockite: a new calcium phosphate, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, American Mineralogist, 26, 145-152 [view file]
Frondel C (1943) Mineralogy of calcium phosphates in insular phosphate rock, American Mineralogist, 28, 215-232 [view file]
Frondel C (1949) Wolfeite, xanthoxenite, and whitlockite from the Palermo mine, New Hampshire, American Mineralogist, 34, 692-705 [view file]
Gopal R, Calvo C (1972) Structural relationship of whitlockite and β Ca₃(PO₄)₂, Nature Physical Science, 237, 30-32
Gopal R, Calvo C, Ito J, Sabine W K (1974) Crystal structure of synthetic Mg-whitlockite, Ca₁₈Mg₂H₂(PO₄)₁₄, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 52, 1155-1164
Calvo C, Gopal R (1975) The crystal structure of whitlockite from the Palermo quarry, American Mineralogist, 60, 120-133 [view file]
Kostiner E, Rea J R (1976) The crystal structure of manganese-whitlockite, Ca₁₈Mn₂H₂(PO₄)₁₄, Acta Crystallographica, B32, 250-253
Schroeder L W, Dickens B, Brown W E (1977) Crystallographic studies of the role of Mg as a stabilizing impurity in β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂. II. Refinement of Mg-containing β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 22, 253-262
Jolliff B L, Hughes J M, Freeman J J, Zeigler R A (2006) Crystal chemistry of lunar merrillite and comparison to other meteoritic and planetary suites of whitlockite and merrillite, American Mineralogist, 91, 1583-1595 [view file]
Tsirlin A A, Dikarev E V, Shpanchenko R V, Antipov E V (2006) A new whitlockite, Ca_8.42Na_1.16V(PO₄)₇, Acta Crystallographica, C62, i13-i15
Zatovsky I V, Strutynska N Y, Baumer V N, Shishkin O V, Slobodyanik N S (2007) The whitlockite-related phosphate Ca₉Cr(PO₄)₇, Acta Crystallographica, E63, i180-i181
Hughes J M, Jolliff B L, Rakovan J (2008) The crystal chemistry of whitlockite and merrillite and the dehydrogenation of whitlockite to merrillite, American Mineralogist, 93, 1300-1305 [view file]
Orlova A I, Khainakov S A, Loginova E E, Oleneva T A, Garcia Granda S, Kurazhkovskaya V S (2009) Calcium thorium phosphate (whitlockite-type mineral). Synthesis and structure refinement, Crystallography Reports, 54, 591-597
Adcock C T, Hausrath E M, Forster P M, Tschauner O, Sefein K J (2014) Synthesis and characterization of the Mars-relevant phosphate minerals Fe- and Mg-whitlockite and merrillite and a possible mechanism that maintains charge balance during whitlockite to merrillite transformation, American Mineralogist, 99, 1221-1232
Kolitsch U, Rieck B, Brandstätter F, Schreiber F, Fabritz K H, Blaß G, Gröbner J (2014) Neufunde aus dem altem Bergbau und den Schlacken von Lavrion (II), Mineralien Welt, 25, 82-95
McCubbin F M, Phillips B L, Adcock C T, Tait K T, Steele A, Vaughn J S, Fries M D, Atudorei V, Vander Kaaden K E, Hausrath E M (2018) Discreditation of bobdownsite and the establishment of criteria for the identification of minerals with essential monofluorophosphate (PO₃F^2-), American Mineralogist, 103, 1319–1328 [view file]
Atencio D, Azzi A A, Qu K, Miyawaki R, Bosi F, Momma K (2023) Changes to the cerite group nomenclature, European Journal of Mineralogy, 35, 1027-1030 [view file]

REFERENCES for Whitlockite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Frondel C (1941) Whitlockite: a new calcium phosphate, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, American Mineralogist, 26, 145-152 [view file]

Frondel C (1943) Mineralogy of calcium phosphates in insular phosphate rock, American Mineralogist, 28, 215-232 [view file]

Frondel C (1949) Wolfeite, xanthoxenite, and whitlockite from the Palermo mine, New Hampshire, American Mineralogist, 34, 692-705 [view file]

Gopal R, Calvo C (1972) Structural relationship of whitlockite and β Ca₃(PO₄)₂, Nature Physical Science, 237, 30-32

Gopal R, Calvo C, Ito J, Sabine W K (1974) Crystal structure of synthetic Mg-whitlockite, Ca₁₈Mg₂H₂(PO₄)₁₄, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 52, 1155-1164

Calvo C, Gopal R (1975) The crystal structure of whitlockite from the Palermo quarry, American Mineralogist, 60, 120-133 [view file]

Kostiner E, Rea J R (1976) The crystal structure of manganese-whitlockite, Ca₁₈Mn₂H₂(PO₄)₁₄, Acta Crystallographica, B32, 250-253

Schroeder L W, Dickens B, Brown W E (1977) Crystallographic studies of the role of Mg as a stabilizing impurity in β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂. II. Refinement of Mg-containing β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 22, 253-262

Jolliff B L, Hughes J M, Freeman J J, Zeigler R A (2006) Crystal chemistry of lunar merrillite and comparison to other meteoritic and planetary suites of whitlockite and merrillite, American Mineralogist, 91, 1583-1595 [view file]

Tsirlin A A, Dikarev E V, Shpanchenko R V, Antipov E V (2006) A new whitlockite, Ca_8.42Na_1.16V(PO₄)₇, Acta Crystallographica, C62, i13-i15

Zatovsky I V, Strutynska N Y, Baumer V N, Shishkin O V, Slobodyanik N S (2007) The whitlockite-related phosphate Ca₉Cr(PO₄)₇, Acta Crystallographica, E63, i180-i181

Hughes J M, Jolliff B L, Rakovan J (2008) The crystal chemistry of whitlockite and merrillite and the dehydrogenation of whitlockite to merrillite, American Mineralogist, 93, 1300-1305 [view file]

Orlova A I, Khainakov S A, Loginova E E, Oleneva T A, Garcia Granda S, Kurazhkovskaya V S (2009) Calcium thorium phosphate (whitlockite-type mineral). Synthesis and structure refinement, Crystallography Reports, 54, 591-597

Adcock C T, Hausrath E M, Forster P M, Tschauner O, Sefein K J (2014) Synthesis and characterization of the Mars-relevant phosphate minerals Fe- and Mg-whitlockite and merrillite and a possible mechanism that maintains charge balance during whitlockite to merrillite transformation, American Mineralogist, 99, 1221-1232

Kolitsch U, Rieck B, Brandstätter F, Schreiber F, Fabritz K H, Blaß G, Gröbner J (2014) Neufunde aus dem altem Bergbau und den Schlacken von Lavrion (II), Mineralien Welt, 25, 82-95

McCubbin F M, Phillips B L, Adcock C T, Tait K T, Steele A, Vaughn J S, Fries M D, Atudorei V, Vander Kaaden K E, Hausrath E M (2018) Discreditation of bobdownsite and the establishment of criteria for the identification of minerals with essential monofluorophosphate (PO₃F^2-), American Mineralogist, 103, 1319–1328 [view file]

Atencio D, Azzi A A, Qu K, Miyawaki R, Bosi F, Momma K (2023) Changes to the cerite group nomenclature, European Journal of Mineralogy, 35, 1027-1030 [view file]