" X050142 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

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Schorl X050142

Name: Schorl
RRUFF ID: X050142
Ideal Chemistry: NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Locality: Blue Lady mine, Chihuahua Valley, San Diego County, California, USA
Source: G.R. Rossman 818
Owner: Caltech
Description:
Status: The identification of this mineral has been determined only by Raman spectroscopy

Mineral Group: [ tourmaline (49) ]

Quick search: [ All Schorl samples (3) ]

REFERENCES for Schorl
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Mathesius J (1562) Die XIIII. Predig/Die viertzehende Predig Von Müntz/ Gewicht/ und zahl so in der Biblien gedache wirde, in Sarepta Oder Bergpostill Sampt der Jochimβthalischen kurtzen Chroniken Berg und Thallober den Herrn Nürnberg 229-233 [view file]
Linnæi C (1748) 2. Stannum crystallis columnaribus nigris (Schorl), in Systema Naturæ Impensis Godofr. Kiesewetteri Leipzig 181-181 [view file]
Hoffmann C A S (1789) Mineralsystem des Herrn Inspektor Werners mit dessen Erlaubnis herausgegeben von C A S Hoffmann, Bergmannisches Journal, 1, 369-398 [view file]
Fortier S, Donnay G (1975) Schorl refinement showing composition dependence of the tourmaline structure, The Canadian Mineralogist, 13, 173-177 [view file]
Alvarez M A, Coy-Yll R (1978) Raman spectra of tourmaline, Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 34, 899-908
Schmetzer K, Nuber B, Abraham K (1979) Zur Kristallchemie Magnesium-reicher Turmaline, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 136, 93-112
Foit F F (1989) Crystal chemistry of alkali-deficient schorl and tourmaline structural relationships, American Mineralogist, 74, 422-431 [view file]
Foit Jr. F F (1990) X-ray and optical data for alkali cation-deficient schorls from Jack Creek, Montana, U.S.A. and Ben Lomond, North Queensland, Australia, Powder Diffraction, 5, 213-218 [view file]
Grice J D, Ercit T S (1993) Ordering of Fe and Mg in the tourmaline crystal structure: The correct formula, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 165, 245-266 [view file]
Gashrova B, Mihailova B, Konstantinov L (1997) Raman spectra of various types of tourmaline, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 935-940
Dyar M D, Taylor M E, Lutz T M, Francis C A, Guidotti C V, Wise M (1998) Inclusive chemical characterization of tourmaline: Mössbauer study of Fe valence and site occupancy, American Mineralogist, 83, 848-864 [view file]
Bloodaxe E S, Hughes J M, Dyar M D, Grew E S, Guidotti C V (1999) Linking structure and chemistry in the schorl-dravite series, American Mineralogist, 84, 922-928 [view file]
Hawthorne F C, Henry D J (1999) Classification of the minerals of the tourmaline group, European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 201-215 [view file]
Cámara F, Ottolini L, Hawthorne F C (2002) Crystal chemistry of three tourmalines by SREF, EMPA and SIMS, American Mineralogist, 87, 1437-1442 [view file]
Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Gabašová A, Hloušek J, Šrein V, Vavrín I, Skála R, Sejkora J, Drábek M (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district, Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 48, 19-147 [view file]
Bosi F, Lucchesi S (2004) Crystal chemistry of the schorl-dravite series, European Journal of Mineralogy, 16, 335-344
Novák M, Povondra P, Selway J B (2004) Schorl - oxy-schorl to dravite - oxy-dravite tourmaline from granitic pegmatites; examples from the Moldanubicum, Czech Republic, European Journal of Mineralogy, 16, 323-333
Bosi F, Andreozzi G B, Federico M, Graziani G, Lucchesi S (2005) Crystal chemistry of the elbaite-schorl series, American Mineralogist, 90, 1784-1792 [view file]
Ertl A (2006) Über die Etymologie und die Typlokalitäten des Minerals Schörl, Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 152, 7-16
Ertl A, Kolitsch U, Prowatke S, Dyar M D, Henry D J (2006) The F-analogue of schorl from Grasstein, Trentino - South Tyrol, Italy: crystal structure and chemistry, European Journal of Mineralogy, 18, 583-588
Ertl A, Marschall H R, Giester G, Henry D J, Schertl H P, Ntaflos T, Luvizotto G L, Nasdala L, Tillmanns E (2010) Metamorphic ultrahigh-pressure tourmaline: structure, chemistry, and correlations to P-T conditions, American Mineralogist, 95, 1-10 [view file]
Henry D J, Novák M, Hawthorne F C, Ertl A, Dutrow B L, Uher P, Pezzotta F (2011) Nomenclature of the tourmaline-supergroup minerals, American Mineralogist, 96, 895-913 [view file]
Ertl A, Schuster R, Hughes J M, Ludwig T, Meyer H-P, Finger F, Dyar M D, Ruschel K, Rossman G R, Klötzli U, Brandstätter F, Lengauer C L, Tillmanns E (2012) Li-bearing tourmalines in Variscan granitic pegmatites from the Moldanubian nappes, Lower Austria, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 695-715
Kolitsch U, Andresen P, Husdal T A, Ertl A, Haugen A, Ellingsen H V, Larsen A O (2013) Tourmaline-group minerals from Norway, part II: Occurrences of luinaite-(OH) in Tvedalen, Larvik and Porsgrunn, and fluor-liddicoatite, fluor-elbaite and fluor-schorl at Ågskardet, Nordland, Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 50, 23-41
Bačík P (2015) Cation ordering at octahedral sites in schorl-dravite series tourmalines, The Canadian Mineralogist, 53, 571-590
Bosi F, Andreozzi G B, Hålenius U, Skogby H (2015) Experimental evidence for partial Fe²⁺ disorder at the Y and Z sites of tourmaline: a combined EMP, SREF, MS, IR and OAS study of schorl, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 515-528
Ertl A, Kolitsch U, Dyar M D, Meyer H, Rossman G R, Henry D J, Prem M, Ludwig T, Nasdala L, Lengauer C L, Tillmanns E, Niedermayr G (2016) Fluor-schorl, a new member of the tourmaline supergroup, and new data on schorl from the cotype localities, European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 163-177 [view file]
Watenphul A, Burgdorf M, Schlüter J, Horn I, Malcherek T, Mihailova B (2016) Exploring the potential of Raman spectroscopy for crystallochemical analyses of complex hydrous silicates: II. Tourmalines, American Mineralogist, 101, 970-985
Lensing-Burgdorf M, Watenphul A, Schlüter J, Mihailova B (2017) Crystal chemistry of tourmalines from the Erongo Mountains, Namibia, studied by Raman spectroscopy, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 257-267
Bosi F (2018) Tourmaline crystal chemistry, American Mineralogist, 103, 298-306 [view file]
Cámara F, Bosi F, Skogby H, Hålenius U, Celata B, Ciriotti M E (2022) Schorl-1A from Langesundsfjord (Norway), Journal of Geosciences, 67, 129-139 [view file]
Miyawaki R, Hatert F, Pasero M, Mills S J (2022) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) - Newsletter 65, European Journal of Mineralogy, 34, 143-148 [view file]

REFERENCES for Schorl

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Mathesius J (1562) Die XIIII. Predig/Die viertzehende Predig Von Müntz/ Gewicht/ und zahl so in der Biblien gedache wirde, in Sarepta Oder Bergpostill Sampt der Jochimβthalischen kurtzen Chroniken Berg und Thallober den Herrn Nürnberg 229-233 [view file]

Linnæi C (1748) 2. Stannum crystallis columnaribus nigris (Schorl), in Systema Naturæ Impensis Godofr. Kiesewetteri Leipzig 181-181 [view file]

Hoffmann C A S (1789) Mineralsystem des Herrn Inspektor Werners mit dessen Erlaubnis herausgegeben von C A S Hoffmann, Bergmannisches Journal, 1, 369-398 [view file]

Fortier S, Donnay G (1975) Schorl refinement showing composition dependence of the tourmaline structure, The Canadian Mineralogist, 13, 173-177 [view file]

Alvarez M A, Coy-Yll R (1978) Raman spectra of tourmaline, Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 34, 899-908

Schmetzer K, Nuber B, Abraham K (1979) Zur Kristallchemie Magnesium-reicher Turmaline, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 136, 93-112

Foit F F (1989) Crystal chemistry of alkali-deficient schorl and tourmaline structural relationships, American Mineralogist, 74, 422-431 [view file]

Foit Jr. F F (1990) X-ray and optical data for alkali cation-deficient schorls from Jack Creek, Montana, U.S.A. and Ben Lomond, North Queensland, Australia, Powder Diffraction, 5, 213-218 [view file]

Grice J D, Ercit T S (1993) Ordering of Fe and Mg in the tourmaline crystal structure: The correct formula, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 165, 245-266 [view file]

Gashrova B, Mihailova B, Konstantinov L (1997) Raman spectra of various types of tourmaline, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 935-940

Dyar M D, Taylor M E, Lutz T M, Francis C A, Guidotti C V, Wise M (1998) Inclusive chemical characterization of tourmaline: Mössbauer study of Fe valence and site occupancy, American Mineralogist, 83, 848-864 [view file]

Bloodaxe E S, Hughes J M, Dyar M D, Grew E S, Guidotti C V (1999) Linking structure and chemistry in the schorl-dravite series, American Mineralogist, 84, 922-928 [view file]

Hawthorne F C, Henry D J (1999) Classification of the minerals of the tourmaline group, European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 201-215 [view file]

Cámara F, Ottolini L, Hawthorne F C (2002) Crystal chemistry of three tourmalines by SREF, EMPA and SIMS, American Mineralogist, 87, 1437-1442 [view file]

Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Gabašová A, Hloušek J, Šrein V, Vavrín I, Skála R, Sejkora J, Drábek M (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district, Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 48, 19-147 [view file]

Bosi F, Lucchesi S (2004) Crystal chemistry of the schorl-dravite series, European Journal of Mineralogy, 16, 335-344

Novák M, Povondra P, Selway J B (2004) Schorl - oxy-schorl to dravite - oxy-dravite tourmaline from granitic pegmatites; examples from the Moldanubicum, Czech Republic, European Journal of Mineralogy, 16, 323-333

Bosi F, Andreozzi G B, Federico M, Graziani G, Lucchesi S (2005) Crystal chemistry of the elbaite-schorl series, American Mineralogist, 90, 1784-1792 [view file]

Ertl A (2006) Über die Etymologie und die Typlokalitäten des Minerals Schörl, Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 152, 7-16

Ertl A, Kolitsch U, Prowatke S, Dyar M D, Henry D J (2006) The F-analogue of schorl from Grasstein, Trentino - South Tyrol, Italy: crystal structure and chemistry, European Journal of Mineralogy, 18, 583-588

Ertl A, Marschall H R, Giester G, Henry D J, Schertl H P, Ntaflos T, Luvizotto G L, Nasdala L, Tillmanns E (2010) Metamorphic ultrahigh-pressure tourmaline: structure, chemistry, and correlations to P-T conditions, American Mineralogist, 95, 1-10 [view file]

Henry D J, Novák M, Hawthorne F C, Ertl A, Dutrow B L, Uher P, Pezzotta F (2011) Nomenclature of the tourmaline-supergroup minerals, American Mineralogist, 96, 895-913 [view file]

Ertl A, Schuster R, Hughes J M, Ludwig T, Meyer H-P, Finger F, Dyar M D, Ruschel K, Rossman G R, Klötzli U, Brandstätter F, Lengauer C L, Tillmanns E (2012) Li-bearing tourmalines in Variscan granitic pegmatites from the Moldanubian nappes, Lower Austria, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 695-715

Kolitsch U, Andresen P, Husdal T A, Ertl A, Haugen A, Ellingsen H V, Larsen A O (2013) Tourmaline-group minerals from Norway, part II: Occurrences of luinaite-(OH) in Tvedalen, Larvik and Porsgrunn, and fluor-liddicoatite, fluor-elbaite and fluor-schorl at Ågskardet, Nordland, Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 50, 23-41

Bačík P (2015) Cation ordering at octahedral sites in schorl-dravite series tourmalines, The Canadian Mineralogist, 53, 571-590

Bosi F, Andreozzi G B, Hålenius U, Skogby H (2015) Experimental evidence for partial Fe²⁺ disorder at the Y and Z sites of tourmaline: a combined EMP, SREF, MS, IR and OAS study of schorl, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 515-528

Ertl A, Kolitsch U, Dyar M D, Meyer H, Rossman G R, Henry D J, Prem M, Ludwig T, Nasdala L, Lengauer C L, Tillmanns E, Niedermayr G (2016) Fluor-schorl, a new member of the tourmaline supergroup, and new data on schorl from the cotype localities, European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 163-177 [view file]

Watenphul A, Burgdorf M, Schlüter J, Horn I, Malcherek T, Mihailova B (2016) Exploring the potential of Raman spectroscopy for crystallochemical analyses of complex hydrous silicates: II. Tourmalines, American Mineralogist, 101, 970-985

Lensing-Burgdorf M, Watenphul A, Schlüter J, Mihailova B (2017) Crystal chemistry of tourmalines from the Erongo Mountains, Namibia, studied by Raman spectroscopy, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 257-267

Bosi F (2018) Tourmaline crystal chemistry, American Mineralogist, 103, 298-306 [view file]

Cámara F, Bosi F, Skogby H, Hålenius U, Celata B, Ciriotti M E (2022) Schorl-1A from Langesundsfjord (Norway), Journal of Geosciences, 67, 129-139 [view file]

Miyawaki R, Hatert F, Pasero M, Mills S J (2022) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) - Newsletter 65, European Journal of Mineralogy, 34, 143-148 [view file]