----- R060942 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Beryl R060942

Name: Beryl
RRUFF ID: R060942
Ideal Chemistry: Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈
Locality: Mingore mine, Swat Valley, Pakistan
Source: Lawrence W. Snee [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Green hexagonal prisms, variety emerald
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ Beryl (28) ]

Quick search: [ All Beryl samples (19) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R060942.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Be_2.94Li_0.06)_Σ=3(Al_1.55Mg_0.37Fe³⁺_0.06Cr³⁺_0.02)_Σ=2Si_6.00O₁₈·Na_0.42; Be and Li not measured but estimated by stoichiometry
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented and mounted on a pin

Pin ID:

L01519

Orientation:

Laser parallel to a* (1 0 0). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to -c [0 0 -1].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R060942

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R060942.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 9.2612(2)Å b: 9.2612(2)Å c: 9.1985(2)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 120° Volume: 683.25(3)Å³ Crystal System: hexagonal

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Beryl
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Gesner C (1565) Gemmis, quae erant in veste Aaronis, Liber Graecus, & e regione Latinus, Iola Hierotarantino interprete: cum Corollario Conradi Gesneri, in Sancti Patris Epiphanii Episcopi Cypri ad Diodorum Tyri episcopum, De XII 1-29 [view file]
Wallerius J G (1747) in Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket Stockholm [view file]
Vauquelin L N (1798) Sur une nouvell terre tirée de l´aigue marine, ou beril, Observations sur la Physique, sur l’Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts, 46, 158-158 [view file]
Radcliffe D, Campbell F A (1966) Beryl from Birch Portage, Saskatchewan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 493-505 [view file]
Gibbs G V, Breck D W, Meagher E P (1968) Structural refinement of hydrous and anhydrous synthetic beryl, Al₂(Be₃Si₆)O₁₈ and emerald, Al_1.9Cr_0.1(Be₃Si₆)O₁₈, Lithos, 1, 275-285
Adams D M, Gardner I R (1974) Single-crystal vibrational spectra of beryl and dioptase, Dalton Transactions, 1974, 1502-1505
Černý P, Hawthorne F C (1976) Refractive indices versus alkali contents in beryl: General limitations and applications to some pegmatitic types, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 491-497 [view file]
Černý P, Simpson F M (1977) The Tanco pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba. IX. Beryl, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 489-499 [view file]
Hawthorne F C, Černý P (1977) The alkali-metal positions in Cs-Li beryl, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 414-421 [view file]
Fritsch E, Rossman G R (1987) An update on color in gems. Part 1: Introduction and colors caused by dispersed metal ions, Gems & Gemology, Fall, 126-139
Hofmeister A M, Hoering T C, Virgo D (1987) Vibrational spectroscopy of of beryllium aluminosilicates: heat capacity calculations from band assignments, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 14, 205-224
Manier-Glavinaz V, Couty R, Lagache M (1989) The removal of alkalis from beryl: Structural adjustments, The Canadian Mineralogist, 27, 663-671 [view file]
Hagemann H, Lucken A, Bill H, Gysler-Sanz J, Stalder H A (1990) Polarized Raman spectra of beryl and bazzite, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 395-401
Sanders I S, Doff D H (1991) A blue sodic beryl from southeast Ireland, Mineralogical Magazine, 55, 167-172
Sherriff B L, Grundy H D, Hartman J S, Hawthorne F C, Černý P (1991) The incorporation of alkalis in beryl: multi-nuclear MAS NMR and crystal-structure study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 271-285 [view file]
Taylor R P, Fallick A E, Breaks F W (1992) Volatile evolution in Archean rare-element granitic pegmatites: evidence from the hydrogen isotopic composition of channel H₂O in beryl, The Canadian Mineralogist, 30, 877-893 [view file]
Artioli G, Rindali R, Ståhl K, Zanazzi P F (1993) Structure refinements of beryl by single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction, American Mineralogist, 78, 762-768 [view file]
Kim C C, Bell M I, McKeown D A (1995) Vibrational analysis of beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) and its constituent ring (Si₆O₁₈), Physica B, 205, 193-208
Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1997) Lattice-dynamical evaluation of thermodynamic properties and atomic displacement parameters for beryl using a transferable empirical force field, American Mineralogist, 82, 1054-1062 [view file]
Kloprogge J T, Frost R L (2000) Raman microscopic study at 300 and 77 K of some pegmatite minerals from the Iveland-Evje area, Aust-Agder, Southern Norway, Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 56, 501-513 [link]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (2000) The orientation and vibrational states of H₂O in synthetic alkali-free beryl, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 557-564 [link]
Moroz I, Roth M, Boudeulle M, Panczer G (2000) Raman microspectroscopy and fluorescence of emeralds from various deposits, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 31, 485-490
Diego Gatta G, Nestola F, Bromiley G D, Mattauch S (2006) The real topological configuration of the extra-framework content in alkali-poor beryl: a multi-methodological study, American Mineralogist, 91, 29-34 [view file]
Adamo I, Gatta G D, Rotiroti N, Diella V, Pavese A (2008) Gemmological investigation of a synthetic blue beryl: a multi-methodological study, Mineralogical Magazine, 72, 799-808 [view file]
Fukuda J, Shinoda K, Nakashima S, Miyoshi N, Aikawa N (2009) Polarized infrared spectroscopic study of diffusion of water molecules along structure channels in beryl, American Mineralogist, 94, 981-985 [view file]
Groat L A, Rossman G R, Dyar M D, Turner D, Piccoli P M B, Schultz A J, Ottolini L (2010) Crystal chemistry of dark blue aquamarine from the True Blue showing, Yukon Territory, Canada, The Canadian Mineralogist, 48, 597-613 [view file]
Huong L T T, Häger T, Hofmeister W (2010) Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy: a powerful tool to identify natural and synthetic emeralds, Gems & Gemology, 46, 36-41
Andersson L O (2013) The yellow color center and trapped electrons in beryl, The Canadian Mineralogist, 51, 15-25
Přikryl J, Novák M, Filip J, Gadas P, Galiová M V (2014) Iron+magnesium-bearing beryl from granitic pegmatites: an empa, LA-ICP-MS, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and powder XRD study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 271-284
Sardi F G, Heimann A (2014) Pegmatitic beryl as indicator of melt evolution: example from the Velasco district, Pampeana Pegmatite Province, Argentina, and review of worldwide occurrences, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 809-836
Ollier N, Fuchs Y, Cavani O, Horn A H, Rossano S (2015) Influence of impurities on Cr³⁺ luminescence properties in Brazilian emerald and alexandrite, European Journal of Mineralogy, 27, 783-792
Mashkovtsev R I, Thomas V G, Fursenko D A, Zhukova E S, Uskov V V, Gorshunov B P (2016) FTIR spectroscopy of D₂O and HDO molecules in the c-axis channels of synthetic beryl, American Mineralogist, 101, 175-180
Tempesta G, Agrosì G (2016) Standardless, minimally destructive chemical analysis of red beryls by means of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 571-580
Jehlička J, Culka A, Bersani D, Vandenabeele P (2017) Comparison of seven portable Raman spectrometers: beryl as a case study, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 48, 1289-1299
Kurumathoor R, Franz Gerhard (2018) Etch pits on beryl as indicators of dissolution behavior, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 107-124
Andersson L O (2019) Comments on beryl colors and on other observations regarding iron-containing beryls, The Canadian Mineralogist, 57, 551-566
Franz G, Vyshnevskyi O, Taran M, Khomenko V, Wiedenbeck M, Schiperski F, Nissen J (2020) A new emerald occurrence from Kruta Balka, Western Peri-Azovian region, Ukraine: Implications for understanding the crystal chemistry of emerald, American Mineralogist, 105, 162
Henry R E, Groat L E, Cempírek J, Škoda R, Holá M (2023) Predicting the crystal structure of beryl from the chemical composition, The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61, 873-897

REFERENCES for Beryl

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Gesner C (1565) Gemmis, quae erant in veste Aaronis, Liber Graecus, & e regione Latinus, Iola Hierotarantino interprete: cum Corollario Conradi Gesneri, in Sancti Patris Epiphanii Episcopi Cypri ad Diodorum Tyri episcopum, De XII 1-29 [view file]

Wallerius J G (1747) in Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket Stockholm [view file]

Vauquelin L N (1798) Sur une nouvell terre tirée de l´aigue marine, ou beril, Observations sur la Physique, sur l’Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts, 46, 158-158 [view file]

Radcliffe D, Campbell F A (1966) Beryl from Birch Portage, Saskatchewan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 493-505 [view file]

Gibbs G V, Breck D W, Meagher E P (1968) Structural refinement of hydrous and anhydrous synthetic beryl, Al₂(Be₃Si₆)O₁₈ and emerald, Al_1.9Cr_0.1(Be₃Si₆)O₁₈, Lithos, 1, 275-285

Adams D M, Gardner I R (1974) Single-crystal vibrational spectra of beryl and dioptase, Dalton Transactions, 1974, 1502-1505

Černý P, Hawthorne F C (1976) Refractive indices versus alkali contents in beryl: General limitations and applications to some pegmatitic types, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 491-497 [view file]

Černý P, Simpson F M (1977) The Tanco pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba. IX. Beryl, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 489-499 [view file]

Hawthorne F C, Černý P (1977) The alkali-metal positions in Cs-Li beryl, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 414-421 [view file]

Fritsch E, Rossman G R (1987) An update on color in gems. Part 1: Introduction and colors caused by dispersed metal ions, Gems & Gemology, Fall, 126-139

Hofmeister A M, Hoering T C, Virgo D (1987) Vibrational spectroscopy of of beryllium aluminosilicates: heat capacity calculations from band assignments, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 14, 205-224

Manier-Glavinaz V, Couty R, Lagache M (1989) The removal of alkalis from beryl: Structural adjustments, The Canadian Mineralogist, 27, 663-671 [view file]

Hagemann H, Lucken A, Bill H, Gysler-Sanz J, Stalder H A (1990) Polarized Raman spectra of beryl and bazzite, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 395-401

Sanders I S, Doff D H (1991) A blue sodic beryl from southeast Ireland, Mineralogical Magazine, 55, 167-172

Sherriff B L, Grundy H D, Hartman J S, Hawthorne F C, Černý P (1991) The incorporation of alkalis in beryl: multi-nuclear MAS NMR and crystal-structure study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 271-285 [view file]

Taylor R P, Fallick A E, Breaks F W (1992) Volatile evolution in Archean rare-element granitic pegmatites: evidence from the hydrogen isotopic composition of channel H₂O in beryl, The Canadian Mineralogist, 30, 877-893 [view file]

Artioli G, Rindali R, Ståhl K, Zanazzi P F (1993) Structure refinements of beryl by single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction, American Mineralogist, 78, 762-768 [view file]

Kim C C, Bell M I, McKeown D A (1995) Vibrational analysis of beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) and its constituent ring (Si₆O₁₈), Physica B, 205, 193-208

Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1997) Lattice-dynamical evaluation of thermodynamic properties and atomic displacement parameters for beryl using a transferable empirical force field, American Mineralogist, 82, 1054-1062 [view file]

Kloprogge J T, Frost R L (2000) Raman microscopic study at 300 and 77 K of some pegmatite minerals from the Iveland-Evje area, Aust-Agder, Southern Norway, Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 56, 501-513 [link]

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (2000) The orientation and vibrational states of H₂O in synthetic alkali-free beryl, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 557-564 [link]

Moroz I, Roth M, Boudeulle M, Panczer G (2000) Raman microspectroscopy and fluorescence of emeralds from various deposits, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 31, 485-490

Diego Gatta G, Nestola F, Bromiley G D, Mattauch S (2006) The real topological configuration of the extra-framework content in alkali-poor beryl: a multi-methodological study, American Mineralogist, 91, 29-34 [view file]

Adamo I, Gatta G D, Rotiroti N, Diella V, Pavese A (2008) Gemmological investigation of a synthetic blue beryl: a multi-methodological study, Mineralogical Magazine, 72, 799-808 [view file]

Fukuda J, Shinoda K, Nakashima S, Miyoshi N, Aikawa N (2009) Polarized infrared spectroscopic study of diffusion of water molecules along structure channels in beryl, American Mineralogist, 94, 981-985 [view file]

Groat L A, Rossman G R, Dyar M D, Turner D, Piccoli P M B, Schultz A J, Ottolini L (2010) Crystal chemistry of dark blue aquamarine from the True Blue showing, Yukon Territory, Canada, The Canadian Mineralogist, 48, 597-613 [view file]

Huong L T T, Häger T, Hofmeister W (2010) Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy: a powerful tool to identify natural and synthetic emeralds, Gems & Gemology, 46, 36-41

Andersson L O (2013) The yellow color center and trapped electrons in beryl, The Canadian Mineralogist, 51, 15-25

Přikryl J, Novák M, Filip J, Gadas P, Galiová M V (2014) Iron+magnesium-bearing beryl from granitic pegmatites: an empa, LA-ICP-MS, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and powder XRD study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 271-284

Sardi F G, Heimann A (2014) Pegmatitic beryl as indicator of melt evolution: example from the Velasco district, Pampeana Pegmatite Province, Argentina, and review of worldwide occurrences, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 809-836

Ollier N, Fuchs Y, Cavani O, Horn A H, Rossano S (2015) Influence of impurities on Cr³⁺ luminescence properties in Brazilian emerald and alexandrite, European Journal of Mineralogy, 27, 783-792

Mashkovtsev R I, Thomas V G, Fursenko D A, Zhukova E S, Uskov V V, Gorshunov B P (2016) FTIR spectroscopy of D₂O and HDO molecules in the c-axis channels of synthetic beryl, American Mineralogist, 101, 175-180

Tempesta G, Agrosì G (2016) Standardless, minimally destructive chemical analysis of red beryls by means of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 571-580

Jehlička J, Culka A, Bersani D, Vandenabeele P (2017) Comparison of seven portable Raman spectrometers: beryl as a case study, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 48, 1289-1299

Kurumathoor R, Franz Gerhard (2018) Etch pits on beryl as indicators of dissolution behavior, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 107-124

Andersson L O (2019) Comments on beryl colors and on other observations regarding iron-containing beryls, The Canadian Mineralogist, 57, 551-566

Franz G, Vyshnevskyi O, Taran M, Khomenko V, Wiedenbeck M, Schiperski F, Nissen J (2020) A new emerald occurrence from Kruta Balka, Western Peri-Azovian region, Ukraine: Implications for understanding the crystal chemistry of emerald, American Mineralogist, 105, 162

Henry R E, Groat L E, Cempírek J, Škoda R, Holá M (2023) Predicting the crystal structure of beryl from the chemical composition, The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61, 873-897