- R060070 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Fluorapatite R060070

Name: Fluorapatite
RRUFF ID: R060070
Ideal Chemistry: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Locality: Panasqueira, Portugal
Source: Dave Bunk [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Green hexagonal tablet
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ Apatite (56) ]

Quick search: [ All Fluorapatite samples (15) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R060070.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Ca_0.99Mn_0.01)₅(P_1.00O₄)₃F_1.00

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented and mounted on a pin

Pin ID:

L01695

Orientation:

Laser parallel to -a* (-1 0 0). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to -c [0 0 -1].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R060070

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 10% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File
	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R060070.1

Sample Description:

NEW INFRARED RECORD

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R060070.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 9.3701(2)Å b: 9.3701(2)Å c: 6.8799(2)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 120° Volume: 523.12(2)Å³ Crystal System: hexagonal

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Fluorapatite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Davila M (1767) Ordre Second. Pierres Gypseuses, 2, in Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l’art qui composent le cabinet de M. Davila Chez Briasson Paris 100-107 [view file]
de l'Isle R (1772) Pierreux Cristaux. Espece V. La Chrysolite, in Essai de Cristallographie Didot, Knapen and Delaguette Paris 230-232 [view file]
Sage B G (1777) Améthiste Basaltine, Eléméns de Minéralogie Docimastique, 1, 231-232 [view file]
de l'Isle R (1783) Gemmes. Espèce VII. Chrysolite ordinaire ou proprement dire, 2, in Cristallographie, ou Description des formes propres a tous les corps Du Regne Minéral De L'Imprimerie de Monsieur Paris 271-281 [view file]
Gerhards C A (1786) Erster Ahnung. Von einigen noch nicht genau bestimmten und ganz neu entdecken Mineralien, in Grundriss des Mineralsystems Christian Friedrich Himburg Berlin 281-287 [view file]
Hoffmann C A S (1789) Mineralsystem des Herrn Inspektor Werners mit dessen Erlaubnis herausgegeben von C A S Hoffmann, Bergmannisches Journal, 1, 369-398 [view file]
Haüy R J (1801) Chaux phosphatée, 1, in Traité de Minéralogie. Chez Louis Paris xliii-xlv [view file]
Rose G (1827) Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Apatite, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 85, 185-214 [view file]
Henry T H (1850) XVII. On francolite, a supposed new mineral, Philosophical Magazine Series 3, 241, 134-135 [view file]
Dana J D (1854) V. Phosphates, Arsenates, Antimonates, Nitrates. 1. Anhydrous. 1. Apatite Group, 1, in A System of Mineralogy Forth Edition George P. Putnam and Co. New York and London 396-399 [view file]
Rammelsberg C F (1860) Apatit, in Handbuch der Mineralchemie Wilhelm Engelmann Leipzig 351-355 [view file]
Dana J D, Brush G J (1869) Apatite, in A System of Mineralogy, Fifth Edition John Wiley and Son New York 530-535 [view file]
Larsen E S, Fletcher M H, Cisney E A (1952) Strontian Apatite, American Mineralogist, 37, 656-658 [view file]
Schneer C J (1957) Notes and news: a modified Hull-Davey chart for high values of c/a, American Mineralogist, 42, 282-285 [view file]
Young E J, Sheridan D M, Munson E L (1966) Manganese and strontium - bearing fluorapatite from the Peerless pegmatite, South Dakota, American Mineralogist, 51, 1516-1524
Kratochvil P, Sprusil B, Heyrovsky M (1968) Growth of gold single crystals in gels, Journal of Crystal Growth, 3, 360—362
Ohlmann R C, Steinbruegge K B, Mazelsky R (1968) Spectroscopic and laser characteristics of Neodymium-doped Calcium Fluorophosphate, Applied Optics, 7, 905-914 [view file]
Sudarsanan K, Mackie P E, Young R A (1972) Comparison of synthetic and mineral fluorapatite, Ca₅(PO₄)₃F, in crystallographic detail, Materials Research Bulletin, 7, 1331-1337 [view file]
Lee D E, Brandt E L M, Loenen R E V, Rose Jr. H J (1973) The chemistry of five accessory rock-forming apatites, Journal of Research of the United States Geological Survey, 1, 267-272 [view file]
Dunn P J (1978) Dehrnite and lewistonite: discredited, Mineralogical Magazine, 42, 282-284 [view file]
Huntington H D (1979) Kiglapait Mineralogy I: Apatite, Biotite, and Volatiles, Journal of Petrology, 20, 625–652
Rao A T, Raman C V, Prakasa Rao C S (1979) Fluor-apatites from calc-silicate skarn vein contacts, Gondivalsa, Orissa, India, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 439 [view file]
International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]
Knutson C, Peacor D R, Kelly W C (1985) Luminescence, color and fission track zoning in apatite crystals of the Panasqueira tin-tungsten deposit, Beira-Baixa, Portugal, American Mineralogist, 70, 829-837 [view file]
Shiga Y, Urashima Y (1987) A sodian sulfatian fluorapatite from an epithermal calcite-quartz vein of the Kushikino mine, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 673-681 [view file]
Hughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1989) Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites, American Mineralogist, 74, 870-876 [view file]
Hughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1990) Crystal structures of natural ternary apatites: Solid solution in the Ca₅(PO₄)₃X (X=F, OH, Cl) system, American Mineralogist, 75, 295-304 [view file]
Nasdala L (1992) A Raman study on the so-called “pseudoapatite” from Halsbrücke near Freiberg/Saxony, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 164, 211-227
Hughes J M, Fransolet A M, Schreyer W (1993) The atomic arrangement of iron-bearing apatite, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1993, 504-510
Fleet M E, Pan Y (1994) Site preference of Nd in Fluorapatite [Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆F₂], Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 112, 78-81
Payne S A, Smith L K, DeLoach L D, Kway W L, Tassano J B, Krupke W F (1994) Laser, optical and thermomechanical properties of Yb-doped fluorapatite, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 30, 170-179
Perseil E A, Blanc P, Ohnenstetter D (2000) As-bearing fluorapatite in manganiferous deposits from St. Marcel — Praborna, Val d´Aosta, Italy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, 101-117 [view file]
Takagi S, Mathew M (2001) Structures of biological minerals in dental research, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 106, 1035-1044 [view file]
Pan Y, Fleet M E, Chen N, Weil J A, Nilges M J (2002) Site preference of Gd in synthetic fluorapatite by single-crystal W-band EPR and X-ray refinement of the structure: a comparative study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 1103-1112 [view file]
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Nikcevic I, Jokanovic V, Mitric M, Nedic Z, Makovec D, Uskokovic D (2004) Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured fluorapatite/fluorhydroxyapatite and carbonated fluorapatite/fluorhydroxyapatite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 177, 2565-2574
Burke E A J (2008) Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks, The Mineralogical Record, 39, 131-135 [view file]
Fleet M E, Liu X (2008) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in fluorapatite synthesized at high pressure, American Mineralogist, 93, 1460-1469 [view file]
Glass B P, Fries M (2008) Micro-Raman spectroscopic study of fine-grained, shock-metamorphosed rock fragments from the Australasian microtektite layer, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 43, 1487-1496 [view file]
McCubbin F M, Mason H E, Park H, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Nekvasil H, Lindsley D H (2008) Synthesis and characterization of low-OH^- fluor-chlorapatite: a single-crystal XRD and NMR spectroscopic study, American Mineralogist, 93, 210-216 [view file]
Pasero M, Kampf A R, Ferraris C, Pekov I V, Rakovan J R, White T J (2010) Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 22, 163-179 [view file]
Baikie T, Schreyer M K, Wong C L, Pramana S S, Klooster W T, Ferraris C, McIntyre G J, White T J (2012) A multi-domain gem-grade Brazilian apatite, American Mineralogist, 97, 1574-1581 [view file]
Gianfagna A, Mazziotti-Tagliani S, Croce A, Allegrina M, Rinaudo C (2014) As-rich apatite from Mt. Calvario: characterization by micro-Raman spectroscopy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 799-808
Hovis G L, McCubbin F M, Nekvasil H, Ustunisik G, Woerner W R, Lindsley D H (2014) A novel technique for fluorapatite synthesis and the thermodynamic mixing behavior of F-OH apatite crystalline solutions, American Mineralogist, 99, 890-897
Hovis G L, Scott B T, Altomare C M, Leaman A R, Morris M D, Tomaino G P, McCubbin F M (2014) Thermal expansion of fluorapatite-hydroxylapatite crystalline solutions, American Mineralogist, 99, 2171-2175
Hughes J M, Heffernan K M, Goldoff B, Nekvasil H (2014) Cl-rich fluorapatite, devoid of OH, from the Three Peaks Area, Utah: the first reported structure of natural Cl-rich fluorapatite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 643-651
Hughes J M, Nekvasil H, Ustunisik G, Lindsley D H, Coraor A E, Vaughn J, Phillips B L, McCubbin F M, Woerner W R (2014) Solid solution in the fluorapatite-chlorapatite binary system: High-precision crystal structure refinements of synthetic F-Cl apatite, American Mineralogist, 99, 369-376 [view file]
Wilt Z, Fuller C, Bachman T, Weidner V, Pasteris J D, Yoder C H (2014) Synthesis and structure of carbonated barium and lead fluorapatites: Effect of cation size on A-type carbonate substitution, American Mineralogist, 99, 2176-2186
Hughes J M (2015) The many facets of apatite, American Mineralogist, 100, 1033-1039
Roycroft P D, Cuypers M (2015) The etymology of the mineral name 'apatite': A clarification, Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, 33, 71-75 [view file]
Giebel R J, Gauert C D K, Marks M A W, Costin G, Markl G (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa, American Mineralogist, 102, 1218-1233
Kelly S R, Rakovan J, Hughes J M (2017) Column anion arrangements in chemically zoned ternary chlorapatite and fluorapatite from Kurokura, Japan, American Mineralogist, 102, 720-727
Lupulescu M V, Hughes J M, Chiarenzelli J R, Bailey D G (2017) Texture, crystal structure, and composition of fluorapatites from iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits, Eastern Adirondack Mountains, New York, The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 399-417
Rossi M, Rizzi R, Vergara A, Capitelli F, Altomare A, Bellatreccia F, Saviano M, Ghiara R M (2017) Compositional variation of turquoise-group minerals from the historical collection of the Real Museo Mineralogico of the University of Naples, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 1405-1429
Hughes J M, Harlov D, Rakovan J F (2018) Structural variations along the apatite F-OH join, American Mineralogist, 103, 1981-1987
Xue W, Zhai K, Lin C C, Zhai S (2018) Effect of temperature on the Raman spectra of Ca₅(PO₄)₃F fluorapatite, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 951-956
Borst A M, Finch A A, Friis H, Horsburgh N J, Gamaletsos P N, Goettlicher J, Steininger R, Geraki K (2020) Structural state of rare earth elements in eudialyte-group minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, 84, 19-34
Fau A, Beyssac O, Gauthier M, Panczer G, Gasnault O, Meslin P Y, Bernard S, Maurice S, Forni O, Boulliard J C, Bosc F, Drouet C (2022) Time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopy of synthetic REE-doped hydroxylapatites and natural apatites, American Mineralogist, 107, 1341-1352
Rucks M J, Finkelstein G J, Zhang D, Dera P K, Duffy T S (2023) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of fluorapatite to 61 GPa, American Mineralogist, 108, 731-737

REFERENCES for Fluorapatite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Davila M (1767) Ordre Second. Pierres Gypseuses, 2, in Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l’art qui composent le cabinet de M. Davila Chez Briasson Paris 100-107 [view file]

de l'Isle R (1772) Pierreux Cristaux. Espece V. La Chrysolite, in Essai de Cristallographie Didot, Knapen and Delaguette Paris 230-232 [view file]

Sage B G (1777) Améthiste Basaltine, Eléméns de Minéralogie Docimastique, 1, 231-232 [view file]

de l'Isle R (1783) Gemmes. Espèce VII. Chrysolite ordinaire ou proprement dire, 2, in Cristallographie, ou Description des formes propres a tous les corps Du Regne Minéral De L'Imprimerie de Monsieur Paris 271-281 [view file]

Gerhards C A (1786) Erster Ahnung. Von einigen noch nicht genau bestimmten und ganz neu entdecken Mineralien, in Grundriss des Mineralsystems Christian Friedrich Himburg Berlin 281-287 [view file]

Hoffmann C A S (1789) Mineralsystem des Herrn Inspektor Werners mit dessen Erlaubnis herausgegeben von C A S Hoffmann, Bergmannisches Journal, 1, 369-398 [view file]

Haüy R J (1801) Chaux phosphatée, 1, in Traité de Minéralogie. Chez Louis Paris xliii-xlv [view file]

Rose G (1827) Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Apatite, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 85, 185-214 [view file]

Henry T H (1850) XVII. On francolite, a supposed new mineral, Philosophical Magazine Series 3, 241, 134-135 [view file]

Dana J D (1854) V. Phosphates, Arsenates, Antimonates, Nitrates. 1. Anhydrous. 1. Apatite Group, 1, in A System of Mineralogy Forth Edition George P. Putnam and Co. New York and London 396-399 [view file]

Rammelsberg C F (1860) Apatit, in Handbuch der Mineralchemie Wilhelm Engelmann Leipzig 351-355 [view file]

Dana J D, Brush G J (1869) Apatite, in A System of Mineralogy, Fifth Edition John Wiley and Son New York 530-535 [view file]

Larsen E S, Fletcher M H, Cisney E A (1952) Strontian Apatite, American Mineralogist, 37, 656-658 [view file]

Schneer C J (1957) Notes and news: a modified Hull-Davey chart for high values of c/a, American Mineralogist, 42, 282-285 [view file]

Young E J, Sheridan D M, Munson E L (1966) Manganese and strontium - bearing fluorapatite from the Peerless pegmatite, South Dakota, American Mineralogist, 51, 1516-1524

Kratochvil P, Sprusil B, Heyrovsky M (1968) Growth of gold single crystals in gels, Journal of Crystal Growth, 3, 360—362

Ohlmann R C, Steinbruegge K B, Mazelsky R (1968) Spectroscopic and laser characteristics of Neodymium-doped Calcium Fluorophosphate, Applied Optics, 7, 905-914 [view file]

Sudarsanan K, Mackie P E, Young R A (1972) Comparison of synthetic and mineral fluorapatite, Ca₅(PO₄)₃F, in crystallographic detail, Materials Research Bulletin, 7, 1331-1337 [view file]

Lee D E, Brandt E L M, Loenen R E V, Rose Jr. H J (1973) The chemistry of five accessory rock-forming apatites, Journal of Research of the United States Geological Survey, 1, 267-272 [view file]

Dunn P J (1978) Dehrnite and lewistonite: discredited, Mineralogical Magazine, 42, 282-284 [view file]

Huntington H D (1979) Kiglapait Mineralogy I: Apatite, Biotite, and Volatiles, Journal of Petrology, 20, 625–652

Rao A T, Raman C V, Prakasa Rao C S (1979) Fluor-apatites from calc-silicate skarn vein contacts, Gondivalsa, Orissa, India, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 439 [view file]

International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]

Knutson C, Peacor D R, Kelly W C (1985) Luminescence, color and fission track zoning in apatite crystals of the Panasqueira tin-tungsten deposit, Beira-Baixa, Portugal, American Mineralogist, 70, 829-837 [view file]

Shiga Y, Urashima Y (1987) A sodian sulfatian fluorapatite from an epithermal calcite-quartz vein of the Kushikino mine, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 673-681 [view file]

Hughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1989) Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites, American Mineralogist, 74, 870-876 [view file]

Hughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1990) Crystal structures of natural ternary apatites: Solid solution in the Ca₅(PO₄)₃X (X=F, OH, Cl) system, American Mineralogist, 75, 295-304 [view file]

Nasdala L (1992) A Raman study on the so-called “pseudoapatite” from Halsbrücke near Freiberg/Saxony, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 164, 211-227

Hughes J M, Fransolet A M, Schreyer W (1993) The atomic arrangement of iron-bearing apatite, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1993, 504-510

Fleet M E, Pan Y (1994) Site preference of Nd in Fluorapatite [Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆F₂], Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 112, 78-81

Payne S A, Smith L K, DeLoach L D, Kway W L, Tassano J B, Krupke W F (1994) Laser, optical and thermomechanical properties of Yb-doped fluorapatite, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 30, 170-179

Perseil E A, Blanc P, Ohnenstetter D (2000) As-bearing fluorapatite in manganiferous deposits from St. Marcel — Praborna, Val d´Aosta, Italy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, 101-117 [view file]

Takagi S, Mathew M (2001) Structures of biological minerals in dental research, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 106, 1035-1044 [view file]

Pan Y, Fleet M E, Chen N, Weil J A, Nilges M J (2002) Site preference of Gd in synthetic fluorapatite by single-crystal W-band EPR and X-ray refinement of the structure: a comparative study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 1103-1112 [view file]

Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]

Nikcevic I, Jokanovic V, Mitric M, Nedic Z, Makovec D, Uskokovic D (2004) Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured fluorapatite/fluorhydroxyapatite and carbonated fluorapatite/fluorhydroxyapatite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 177, 2565-2574

Burke E A J (2008) Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks, The Mineralogical Record, 39, 131-135 [view file]

Fleet M E, Liu X (2008) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in fluorapatite synthesized at high pressure, American Mineralogist, 93, 1460-1469 [view file]

Glass B P, Fries M (2008) Micro-Raman spectroscopic study of fine-grained, shock-metamorphosed rock fragments from the Australasian microtektite layer, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 43, 1487-1496 [view file]

McCubbin F M, Mason H E, Park H, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Nekvasil H, Lindsley D H (2008) Synthesis and characterization of low-OH^- fluor-chlorapatite: a single-crystal XRD and NMR spectroscopic study, American Mineralogist, 93, 210-216 [view file]

Pasero M, Kampf A R, Ferraris C, Pekov I V, Rakovan J R, White T J (2010) Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 22, 163-179 [view file]

Baikie T, Schreyer M K, Wong C L, Pramana S S, Klooster W T, Ferraris C, McIntyre G J, White T J (2012) A multi-domain gem-grade Brazilian apatite, American Mineralogist, 97, 1574-1581 [view file]

Gianfagna A, Mazziotti-Tagliani S, Croce A, Allegrina M, Rinaudo C (2014) As-rich apatite from Mt. Calvario: characterization by micro-Raman spectroscopy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 799-808

Hovis G L, McCubbin F M, Nekvasil H, Ustunisik G, Woerner W R, Lindsley D H (2014) A novel technique for fluorapatite synthesis and the thermodynamic mixing behavior of F-OH apatite crystalline solutions, American Mineralogist, 99, 890-897

Hovis G L, Scott B T, Altomare C M, Leaman A R, Morris M D, Tomaino G P, McCubbin F M (2014) Thermal expansion of fluorapatite-hydroxylapatite crystalline solutions, American Mineralogist, 99, 2171-2175

Hughes J M, Heffernan K M, Goldoff B, Nekvasil H (2014) Cl-rich fluorapatite, devoid of OH, from the Three Peaks Area, Utah: the first reported structure of natural Cl-rich fluorapatite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 643-651

Hughes J M, Nekvasil H, Ustunisik G, Lindsley D H, Coraor A E, Vaughn J, Phillips B L, McCubbin F M, Woerner W R (2014) Solid solution in the fluorapatite-chlorapatite binary system: High-precision crystal structure refinements of synthetic F-Cl apatite, American Mineralogist, 99, 369-376 [view file]

Wilt Z, Fuller C, Bachman T, Weidner V, Pasteris J D, Yoder C H (2014) Synthesis and structure of carbonated barium and lead fluorapatites: Effect of cation size on A-type carbonate substitution, American Mineralogist, 99, 2176-2186

Hughes J M (2015) The many facets of apatite, American Mineralogist, 100, 1033-1039

Roycroft P D, Cuypers M (2015) The etymology of the mineral name 'apatite': A clarification, Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, 33, 71-75 [view file]

Giebel R J, Gauert C D K, Marks M A W, Costin G, Markl G (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa, American Mineralogist, 102, 1218-1233

Kelly S R, Rakovan J, Hughes J M (2017) Column anion arrangements in chemically zoned ternary chlorapatite and fluorapatite from Kurokura, Japan, American Mineralogist, 102, 720-727

Lupulescu M V, Hughes J M, Chiarenzelli J R, Bailey D G (2017) Texture, crystal structure, and composition of fluorapatites from iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits, Eastern Adirondack Mountains, New York, The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 399-417

Rossi M, Rizzi R, Vergara A, Capitelli F, Altomare A, Bellatreccia F, Saviano M, Ghiara R M (2017) Compositional variation of turquoise-group minerals from the historical collection of the Real Museo Mineralogico of the University of Naples, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 1405-1429

Hughes J M, Harlov D, Rakovan J F (2018) Structural variations along the apatite F-OH join, American Mineralogist, 103, 1981-1987

Xue W, Zhai K, Lin C C, Zhai S (2018) Effect of temperature on the Raman spectra of Ca₅(PO₄)₃F fluorapatite, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 951-956

Borst A M, Finch A A, Friis H, Horsburgh N J, Gamaletsos P N, Goettlicher J, Steininger R, Geraki K (2020) Structural state of rare earth elements in eudialyte-group minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, 84, 19-34

Fau A, Beyssac O, Gauthier M, Panczer G, Gasnault O, Meslin P Y, Bernard S, Maurice S, Forni O, Boulliard J C, Bosc F, Drouet C (2022) Time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopy of synthetic REE-doped hydroxylapatites and natural apatites, American Mineralogist, 107, 1341-1352

Rucks M J, Finkelstein G J, Zhang D, Dera P K, Duffy T S (2023) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of fluorapatite to 61 GPa, American Mineralogist, 108, 731-737