N R040124 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Muscovite R040124

Name: Muscovite
RRUFF ID: R040124
Ideal Chemistry: KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
Locality: Garnet Hill, Pennsylvania, USA
Source: Bob Downs
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Grayish green mica book
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Groups: [ mica (50) ] [ Clay (86) ]

Quick search: [ All Muscovite samples (11) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R040124.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(K_0.90Na_0.07)(Al_0.86Fe_0.10Mg_0.04)₂(Si_0.76Al_0.24)₄O₁₀((OH)_0.99F_0.01)₂

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R040124

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R040124.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R040124.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 5.202(2)Å b: 9.030(3)Å c: 20.060(2)Å
alpha: 90.° beta: 95.75(1)° gamma: 90.° Volume: 937.7(4)Å³ Crystal System: monoclinic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Muscovite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Dana J D (1850) Mica Family: Muscovite, in A System of Mineralogy, Third Edition George P Putnam New York 356-358 [view file]
Axelrod J M, Grimaldi F S (1949) Muscovite with small optic axial angle, American Mineralogist, 34, 559-572 [view file]
Claringbull G F (1953) Mineralogical Society (London), American Mineralogist, 38, 734-737 [view file]
Hurlbut C S (1956) Muscovite from Methuen Township, Ontario, American Mineralogist, 41, 892-898 [view file]
Clifford T N (1957) Fuchsite from a silurian (?) quartz conglomerate, Acworth Township, New Hampshire, American Mineralogist, 42, 566-568 [view file]
Fleischer M (1958) New mineral names, American Mineralogist, 43, 1006-1008 [view file]
Zvyagin B B, Mishchenko K S (1960) Electron-diffraction refinement of the structure of muscovite, Soviet Physics - Crystallography, 5, 575-579 [view file]
Güven N, Burnham C W (1966) The crystal structure of 3T muscovite, Carnegie Institution of Washington Year book, 65, 290-293
Güven N, Burnham C W (1967) The crystal structure of 3T muscovite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 125, 163-183 [view file]
Rothbauer R (1971) Untersuchung eines 2M1-muskovits mit neutronenstrahlen, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1971, 143-154
Leavens P B, Thomssen R W (1972) Identity of astrolite with muscovite, American Mineralogist, 57, 993-995 [view file]
Bailey S W (1977) Report of the I.M.A-I.U.Cr. Joint Committee on Nomenclature, American Mineralogist, 62, 411-415 [view file]
Tsipursky S I, Drits V A (1977) Effectivity of the electronic method of intensity measurement in structural investigation by electron diffraction, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya, 41, 2263-2271
Miller C F, Stoddard E F, Bradfish L J, Dollase W A (1981) Composition of plutonic muscovite: genetic implications, The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 25-34 [view file]
Abbott R N (1985) Muscovite-bearing granites in the AFM liquidus projection, The Canadian Mineralogist, 23, 553-561 [view file]
Rule A C, Bailey S W (1985) Refinement of the crystal structure of phengite-2M₁, Clays and Clay Minerals, 33, 403-409
Knurr R A, Bailey S W (1986) Refinement of Mn-substituted muscovite and phlogopite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 34, 7-16
Guggenheim S, Chang Y H, Koster van Groos A F (1987) Muscovite dehydroxylation: High-temperature studies, American Mineralogist, 72, 537-550 [view file]
Tlili A, Smith D C, Beny J M, Boyer H (1989) A Raman microprobe study of natural micas, Mineralogical Magazine, 53, 165-179 [view file]
Kontak D J (1990) The East Kemptville topaz-muscovite leucogranite, Nova Scotia. I. Geological setting and whole-rock geochemistry, The Canadian Mineralogist, 28, 787-825 [view file]
Kontak D J (1991) The East Kemptville topaz-muscovite leucogranite, Nova Scotia. II. Mineral chemistry, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 37-60 [view file]
Chabu M, Boulègue J (1992) Barian feldspar and muscovite from the Kipushi Zn-Pb-Cu deposit, Shaba, Zaire, The Canadian Mineralogist, 30, 1143-1152 [view file]
Kazachenko V T, Butsik L A, Sapin V I, Kitaev I V, Barinov N N, Narnov G A (1993) Vanadian—chromian tourmaline and vanadian muscovite in contact–metamorphosed carbonaceous rocks, Primorye, Russia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 347-356 [view file]
Abbott R N (1994) Energy calculations bearing on the dehydroxylation of muscovite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 87-92 [view file]
Amisano-Canesi A, Chiari G, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G, Soboleva S V (1994) Muscovite- and phengite-3T: crystal structure and conditions of formation, European Journal of Mineralogy, 6, 489-496
Catti M, Ferraris G, Hull S, Pavese A (1994) Powder neutron diffraction study of 2M₁ muscovite at room pressure and at 2 GPa, European Journal of Mineralogy, 6, 171-178
Challis A, Grapes R, Palmer K (1995) Chromian muscovite, uvarovite, and zincian chromite: products of regional metasomatism in northwest Nelson, New Zealand, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 1263-1284 [view file]
Kontak D J, Farrar E, McBride S, Martin R F (1995) Mineral chemistry and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of muscovite from the East Kemptville leucogranite, southern Nova Scotia: evidence for localized resetting of ⁴⁰/³⁹Ar systematics in a shear zone, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 1237-1253 [view file]
Ni Y, Hughes J M (1996) The crystal structure of nanpingite-2M₂, the Cs end-member of muscovite, American Mineralogist, 81, 105-110 [view file]
Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-,Fe2+-bearing muscovites-2M1, American Mineralogist, 83, 775-785
Liang J J, Hawthorne F C, Swainson I P (1998) Triclinic muscovite: X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and photo-acoustic FTIR spectroscopy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 1017-1027 [view file]
Raith J G, Vali H (1998) Fibrous chlorite and muscovite from the Kaisersberg graphite mine, Styria, Austria, The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 741-754 [view file]
Rieder M, Cavazzini G, D’Yakonov Y S, Frank-Kamenetskii V A, Gottardt G, Guggenheim S, Koval P V, Muller G, Neiva A M R, Radoslovich E W, Robert J L, Sassi F P, Takeda H, Weiss Z, Wones D R (1998) Nomenclature of the micas, The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 905-912 [view file]
Tomita K, Shiraki K, Kawano M (1998) Crystal structure of dehydroxylated 2M1 sericite and its relationship with mixed-layer mica/smectite, Clay Science, 10, 432-441
Guidotti C V, Sassi F P, Comodi P, Zanazzi P F, Blencoe J G (2000) The contrasting responses of muscovite and paragonite to increasing pressure: petrological implications, The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, 707-712 [view file]
Brigatti M F, Galli E, Medici L, Poppi L, Cibin G, Marcelli A, Mottana A (2001) Chromium-containing muscovite: crystal chemistry and XANES spectroscopy, European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 377-389
Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi M (2001) Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of lithium-bearing muscovite-2M₁, The Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 1171-1180 [view file]
Alfonso P, Melgarejo J C, Yusta I, Velasco F (2003) Geochemistry of feldspars and muscovite in granitic pegmatite from the Cap de Creus field, Catalonia, Spain, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 103-116 [view file]
Clarke D B, Bogutyn P A (2003) Oscillatory epitactic-growth zoning in biotite and muscovite from the Lake Lewis leucogranite, South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia, Canada, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 1027-1047 [view file]
Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Gabašová A, Hloušek J, Šrein V, Vavrín I, Skála R, Sejkora J, Drábek M (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district, Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 48, 19-147 [view file]
Tokiwai K, Nakashima S (2010) Integral molar absorptivities of OH in muscovite at 20 to 650 °C by in-situ high-temperature IR microspectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 95, 1052-1059 [view file]
Bačík P, Uher P, Ertl A, Jonsson E, Nysten P, Kanický V, Vaculovič T (2012) Zoned REE-enriched dravite from a granitic pegmatite in Forshammar Bergslagen Province, Sweden: An EMPA, XRD and LA-ICP-MS study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 50, 825-841 [view file]
Mesto E, Scordari F, Lacalamita M, Schingaro E (2012) Tobelite and NH₄⁺ -rich muscovite single crystals from Ordovician Armorican sandstones (Brittany, France): Structure and crystal chemistry, American Mineralogist, 97, 1460-1468 [view file]
Williams Q, Knittle E, Scott H P, Liu Z (2012) The high-pressure behavior of micas: Vibrational spectra of muscovite, biotite, phloglopite, American Mineralogist, 97, 241-252 [view file]
Zviagina B B, Drits V A (2012) Structural regularities in 2M₁ dioctahedral micas: The structure modeling approach, American Mineralogist, 97, 1939-1954 [view file]
Elmi C, Brigatti M F, Guggenheim S, Pasquali L, Montecchi M, Malferrari D, Nannarone S (2013) Sodian muscovite-2M₁: crystal chemistry and surface features, The Canadian Mineralogist, 51, 5-14
Hernández-Haro N, Ortega-Castro J, Del Valle C P, Muñoz-Santiburcio D, Sainz-Díaz C I, Hernández-Laguna A (2013) Computational study of the elastic behavior of the 2M₁ muscovite-paragonite series, American Mineralogist, 98, 651-664
Ishida K, Hawthorne F C (2013) Far-infrared spectra of synthetic dioctahedral muscovite and muscovite-tobelite series micas: Characterization and assignment of the interlayer I-O_inner and I-O_outer stretching bands, American Mineralogist, 98, 1848-1859
Marchal K L, Simmons W B, Falster A U, Webber K L, Roda-Robles E (2014) Geochemistry, mineralogy, and evolution of Li-Al micas and feldspars from the Mount Mica pegmatite, Maine, USA, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 221-233
Hofmeister A M, Carpenter P K (2015) Heat transport of micas, The Canadian Mineralogist, 53, 557-570
Hernández-Haro N, Muñoz-Santiburcio D, Pérez Del Valle C, Ortega-Castro J, Sainz-Díaz C I, Garrido C J, Hernández-Laguna A (2016) Compressibility of 2M₁ muscovite-paragonite series minerals: A computational study to 6 GPa, American Mineralogist, 101, 1207-1216
Breiter K, Vaňková M, Galiová M V, Korbelová Z, Kanický V (2017) Lithium and trace-element concentrations in trioctahedral micas from granites of different geochemical types measured via laser ablation ICP-MS, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 15-33
Hulsobosch N, Thomas R, Boiron M-C, Dewaele S, Muchez P (2017) Direct observation of boro-aluminosilicate melt compositions: Insights from Raman spectroscopy of melt inclusions in pegmatitic tourmaline of the Gatumba-Gitarama area (Rwanda), The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 377-397
Ertl A, Rakovan J, Hughes J M, Bernhardt H-J, Rossman G R (2019) Vanadium-rich muscovite from Austria: Crystal structure, chemical analysis, and spectroscopic investigations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 57, 383-389

REFERENCES for Muscovite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Dana J D (1850) Mica Family: Muscovite, in A System of Mineralogy, Third Edition George P Putnam New York 356-358 [view file]

Axelrod J M, Grimaldi F S (1949) Muscovite with small optic axial angle, American Mineralogist, 34, 559-572 [view file]

Claringbull G F (1953) Mineralogical Society (London), American Mineralogist, 38, 734-737 [view file]

Hurlbut C S (1956) Muscovite from Methuen Township, Ontario, American Mineralogist, 41, 892-898 [view file]

Clifford T N (1957) Fuchsite from a silurian (?) quartz conglomerate, Acworth Township, New Hampshire, American Mineralogist, 42, 566-568 [view file]

Fleischer M (1958) New mineral names, American Mineralogist, 43, 1006-1008 [view file]

Zvyagin B B, Mishchenko K S (1960) Electron-diffraction refinement of the structure of muscovite, Soviet Physics - Crystallography, 5, 575-579 [view file]

Güven N, Burnham C W (1966) The crystal structure of 3T muscovite, Carnegie Institution of Washington Year book, 65, 290-293

Güven N, Burnham C W (1967) The crystal structure of 3T muscovite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 125, 163-183 [view file]

Rothbauer R (1971) Untersuchung eines 2M1-muskovits mit neutronenstrahlen, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1971, 143-154

Leavens P B, Thomssen R W (1972) Identity of astrolite with muscovite, American Mineralogist, 57, 993-995 [view file]

Bailey S W (1977) Report of the I.M.A-I.U.Cr. Joint Committee on Nomenclature, American Mineralogist, 62, 411-415 [view file]

Tsipursky S I, Drits V A (1977) Effectivity of the electronic method of intensity measurement in structural investigation by electron diffraction, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya, 41, 2263-2271

Miller C F, Stoddard E F, Bradfish L J, Dollase W A (1981) Composition of plutonic muscovite: genetic implications, The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 25-34 [view file]

Abbott R N (1985) Muscovite-bearing granites in the AFM liquidus projection, The Canadian Mineralogist, 23, 553-561 [view file]

Rule A C, Bailey S W (1985) Refinement of the crystal structure of phengite-2M₁, Clays and Clay Minerals, 33, 403-409

Knurr R A, Bailey S W (1986) Refinement of Mn-substituted muscovite and phlogopite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 34, 7-16

Guggenheim S, Chang Y H, Koster van Groos A F (1987) Muscovite dehydroxylation: High-temperature studies, American Mineralogist, 72, 537-550 [view file]

Tlili A, Smith D C, Beny J M, Boyer H (1989) A Raman microprobe study of natural micas, Mineralogical Magazine, 53, 165-179 [view file]

Kontak D J (1990) The East Kemptville topaz-muscovite leucogranite, Nova Scotia. I. Geological setting and whole-rock geochemistry, The Canadian Mineralogist, 28, 787-825 [view file]

Kontak D J (1991) The East Kemptville topaz-muscovite leucogranite, Nova Scotia. II. Mineral chemistry, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 37-60 [view file]

Chabu M, Boulègue J (1992) Barian feldspar and muscovite from the Kipushi Zn-Pb-Cu deposit, Shaba, Zaire, The Canadian Mineralogist, 30, 1143-1152 [view file]

Kazachenko V T, Butsik L A, Sapin V I, Kitaev I V, Barinov N N, Narnov G A (1993) Vanadian—chromian tourmaline and vanadian muscovite in contact–metamorphosed carbonaceous rocks, Primorye, Russia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 347-356 [view file]

Abbott R N (1994) Energy calculations bearing on the dehydroxylation of muscovite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 87-92 [view file]

Amisano-Canesi A, Chiari G, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G, Soboleva S V (1994) Muscovite- and phengite-3T: crystal structure and conditions of formation, European Journal of Mineralogy, 6, 489-496

Catti M, Ferraris G, Hull S, Pavese A (1994) Powder neutron diffraction study of 2M₁ muscovite at room pressure and at 2 GPa, European Journal of Mineralogy, 6, 171-178

Challis A, Grapes R, Palmer K (1995) Chromian muscovite, uvarovite, and zincian chromite: products of regional metasomatism in northwest Nelson, New Zealand, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 1263-1284 [view file]

Kontak D J, Farrar E, McBride S, Martin R F (1995) Mineral chemistry and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of muscovite from the East Kemptville leucogranite, southern Nova Scotia: evidence for localized resetting of ⁴⁰/³⁹Ar systematics in a shear zone, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 1237-1253 [view file]

Ni Y, Hughes J M (1996) The crystal structure of nanpingite-2M₂, the Cs end-member of muscovite, American Mineralogist, 81, 105-110 [view file]

Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-,Fe2+-bearing muscovites-2M1, American Mineralogist, 83, 775-785

Liang J J, Hawthorne F C, Swainson I P (1998) Triclinic muscovite: X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and photo-acoustic FTIR spectroscopy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 1017-1027 [view file]

Raith J G, Vali H (1998) Fibrous chlorite and muscovite from the Kaisersberg graphite mine, Styria, Austria, The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 741-754 [view file]

Rieder M, Cavazzini G, D’Yakonov Y S, Frank-Kamenetskii V A, Gottardt G, Guggenheim S, Koval P V, Muller G, Neiva A M R, Radoslovich E W, Robert J L, Sassi F P, Takeda H, Weiss Z, Wones D R (1998) Nomenclature of the micas, The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 905-912 [view file]

Tomita K, Shiraki K, Kawano M (1998) Crystal structure of dehydroxylated 2M1 sericite and its relationship with mixed-layer mica/smectite, Clay Science, 10, 432-441

Guidotti C V, Sassi F P, Comodi P, Zanazzi P F, Blencoe J G (2000) The contrasting responses of muscovite and paragonite to increasing pressure: petrological implications, The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, 707-712 [view file]

Brigatti M F, Galli E, Medici L, Poppi L, Cibin G, Marcelli A, Mottana A (2001) Chromium-containing muscovite: crystal chemistry and XANES spectroscopy, European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 377-389

Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi M (2001) Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of lithium-bearing muscovite-2M₁, The Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 1171-1180 [view file]

Alfonso P, Melgarejo J C, Yusta I, Velasco F (2003) Geochemistry of feldspars and muscovite in granitic pegmatite from the Cap de Creus field, Catalonia, Spain, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 103-116 [view file]

Clarke D B, Bogutyn P A (2003) Oscillatory epitactic-growth zoning in biotite and muscovite from the Lake Lewis leucogranite, South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia, Canada, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 1027-1047 [view file]

Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Gabašová A, Hloušek J, Šrein V, Vavrín I, Skála R, Sejkora J, Drábek M (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district, Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 48, 19-147 [view file]

Tokiwai K, Nakashima S (2010) Integral molar absorptivities of OH in muscovite at 20 to 650 °C by in-situ high-temperature IR microspectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 95, 1052-1059 [view file]

Bačík P, Uher P, Ertl A, Jonsson E, Nysten P, Kanický V, Vaculovič T (2012) Zoned REE-enriched dravite from a granitic pegmatite in Forshammar Bergslagen Province, Sweden: An EMPA, XRD and LA-ICP-MS study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 50, 825-841 [view file]

Mesto E, Scordari F, Lacalamita M, Schingaro E (2012) Tobelite and NH₄⁺ -rich muscovite single crystals from Ordovician Armorican sandstones (Brittany, France): Structure and crystal chemistry, American Mineralogist, 97, 1460-1468 [view file]

Williams Q, Knittle E, Scott H P, Liu Z (2012) The high-pressure behavior of micas: Vibrational spectra of muscovite, biotite, phloglopite, American Mineralogist, 97, 241-252 [view file]

Zviagina B B, Drits V A (2012) Structural regularities in 2M₁ dioctahedral micas: The structure modeling approach, American Mineralogist, 97, 1939-1954 [view file]

Elmi C, Brigatti M F, Guggenheim S, Pasquali L, Montecchi M, Malferrari D, Nannarone S (2013) Sodian muscovite-2M₁: crystal chemistry and surface features, The Canadian Mineralogist, 51, 5-14

Hernández-Haro N, Ortega-Castro J, Del Valle C P, Muñoz-Santiburcio D, Sainz-Díaz C I, Hernández-Laguna A (2013) Computational study of the elastic behavior of the 2M₁ muscovite-paragonite series, American Mineralogist, 98, 651-664

Ishida K, Hawthorne F C (2013) Far-infrared spectra of synthetic dioctahedral muscovite and muscovite-tobelite series micas: Characterization and assignment of the interlayer I-O_inner and I-O_outer stretching bands, American Mineralogist, 98, 1848-1859

Marchal K L, Simmons W B, Falster A U, Webber K L, Roda-Robles E (2014) Geochemistry, mineralogy, and evolution of Li-Al micas and feldspars from the Mount Mica pegmatite, Maine, USA, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 221-233

Hofmeister A M, Carpenter P K (2015) Heat transport of micas, The Canadian Mineralogist, 53, 557-570

Hernández-Haro N, Muñoz-Santiburcio D, Pérez Del Valle C, Ortega-Castro J, Sainz-Díaz C I, Garrido C J, Hernández-Laguna A (2016) Compressibility of 2M₁ muscovite-paragonite series minerals: A computational study to 6 GPa, American Mineralogist, 101, 1207-1216

Breiter K, Vaňková M, Galiová M V, Korbelová Z, Kanický V (2017) Lithium and trace-element concentrations in trioctahedral micas from granites of different geochemical types measured via laser ablation ICP-MS, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 15-33

Hulsobosch N, Thomas R, Boiron M-C, Dewaele S, Muchez P (2017) Direct observation of boro-aluminosilicate melt compositions: Insights from Raman spectroscopy of melt inclusions in pegmatitic tourmaline of the Gatumba-Gitarama area (Rwanda), The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 377-397

Ertl A, Rakovan J, Hughes J M, Bernhardt H-J, Rossman G R (2019) Vanadium-rich muscovite from Austria: Crystal structure, chemical analysis, and spectroscopic investigations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 57, 383-389