Staurolite R050079 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Staurolite R050079

Name: Staurolite
RRUFF ID: R050079
Ideal Chemistry: Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Locality: Keivy, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Source: Rock Currier
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Brown cruciform twins
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ Staurolite (2) ]

Quick search: [ All Staurolite samples (2) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R050079.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Fe²⁺_0.77Mg_0.23)₂(Al_0.99Ti_0.01)₉(Si_0.99Al_0.01)₄O₂₀(O_0.76(OH)_0.24)₄

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented, mounted onto a pin and polished

Pin ID:

L00403

Orientation:

Laser parallel to -b* (0 -1 0). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to c [0 0 1].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R050079

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R050079.1

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R050079.1

Sample Description:

Powder, the (00l) peaks of muscovite are also present

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 7.8680(7)Å b: 16.619(1)Å c: 5.6563(4)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 90° Volume: 739.61(7)Å³ Crystal System: orthorhombic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Staurolite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Bergman T (1792) Staurolite, pierre de croix, Manuel du Minéralogiste; ou Sciagraphie du Règne Minéral, 1, 298-300 [view file]
Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]
Hollister L S (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Sector zoning in staurolite, Kwoiek area, British Columbia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 292-293 [view file]
Smith J V (1968) The crystal structure of staurolite, American Mineralogist, 53, 1139-1155 [view file]
Takéuchi Y, Aikawa N (1972) The hydrogen locations and chemical composition of staurolite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 136, 1-22 [view file]
Dickson B L, Smith G (1976) Low-temperature optical absorption and Mössbauer spectra of staurolite and spinel, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 206-215 [view file]
Griffen D T, Gosney T C, Phillips W R (1982) The chemical formula of natural staurolite, American Mineralogist, 67, 292-297 [view file]
Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426
Holdaway M J, Dutrow B L, Borthwick J, Shore P, Harmon R S, Hinton R W (1986) H content of staurolite as determined by H extraction line and ion microprobe, American Mineralogist, 71, 1135-1141 [view file]
Holdaway M J, Dutrow B L, Shore P (1986) A model for the crystal chemistry of staurolite, American Mineralogist, 71, 1142-1159 [view file]
Spry P G, Scott S D (1986) Zincian spinel and staurolite as guides to ore in the Appalachians and Scandinavian Caledonides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 24, 147-163 [view file]
Ståhl K, Kvick A, Smith J V (1988) A neutron diffraction study of hydrogen positions at 13 K, domain model, and chemical composition of staurolite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 73, 362-380
Holdaway M J, Mukhopadhyay B, Dyar M D, Dutrow B L, Rumble D, Grambling J A (1991) A new perspective on staurolite crystal chemistry: Use of stoichiometric and chemical end-members for a mole fraction model, American Mineralogist, 76, 1910-1991 [view file]
Lang H M (1991) Quantitative interpretation of within-outcrop variation in metamorphic assemblage in staurolite-kyanite-grade metapelites, Baltimore, Maryland, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 655-671 [view file]
Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 551-582 [view file]
Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. II. Order – disorder and the monoclinic → orthorhombic phase transition, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 583-595 [view file]
Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. III. Local order and chemical composition, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 597-616 [view file]
Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungeretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation–dehydrogenation in staurolite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 477-489 [view file]
Hawthorne F C, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Caucia F, Callegari A (1994) Crystal-structure refinement of hydrogen-rich staurolite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 491-495 [view file]
Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1994) The crystal chemistry of staurolite: reply, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 714-715 [view file]
Hollister L S (1994) The crystal chemistry of staurolite: discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 713-714 [view file]
Oberti R, Hawthorne F C, Zanetti A, Ottolini L (1996) Crystal-structure refinement of a highly ordered staurolite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 1051-1057 [view file]
Koch-Müller M, Kahlenberg V, Bubenick W, Gottschalk M (1998) Crystal-structure refinement of synthetic Fe- and Mg-staurolite by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder-diffraction data, European Journal of Mineralogy, 10, 453-460
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Brouwer F M, Engi M (2005) Staurolite and other aluminous phases in Alpine eclogite from the Central Swiss Alps: analysis of domain evolution, The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 105-128 [view file]
Marzouki M A, Souvignier B, Nespolo M (2014) The staurolite enigma solved, Acta Crystallographica, A70, 348-353
Nespolo M, Moëlo Y (2019) Structural interpretation of a new twin in staurolite from Coray, Brittany, France, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 785-790

REFERENCES for Staurolite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Bergman T (1792) Staurolite, pierre de croix, Manuel du Minéralogiste; ou Sciagraphie du Règne Minéral, 1, 298-300 [view file]

Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]

Hollister L S (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Sector zoning in staurolite, Kwoiek area, British Columbia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 292-293 [view file]

Smith J V (1968) The crystal structure of staurolite, American Mineralogist, 53, 1139-1155 [view file]

Takéuchi Y, Aikawa N (1972) The hydrogen locations and chemical composition of staurolite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 136, 1-22 [view file]

Dickson B L, Smith G (1976) Low-temperature optical absorption and Mössbauer spectra of staurolite and spinel, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 206-215 [view file]

Griffen D T, Gosney T C, Phillips W R (1982) The chemical formula of natural staurolite, American Mineralogist, 67, 292-297 [view file]

Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426

Holdaway M J, Dutrow B L, Borthwick J, Shore P, Harmon R S, Hinton R W (1986) H content of staurolite as determined by H extraction line and ion microprobe, American Mineralogist, 71, 1135-1141 [view file]

Holdaway M J, Dutrow B L, Shore P (1986) A model for the crystal chemistry of staurolite, American Mineralogist, 71, 1142-1159 [view file]

Spry P G, Scott S D (1986) Zincian spinel and staurolite as guides to ore in the Appalachians and Scandinavian Caledonides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 24, 147-163 [view file]

Ståhl K, Kvick A, Smith J V (1988) A neutron diffraction study of hydrogen positions at 13 K, domain model, and chemical composition of staurolite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 73, 362-380

Holdaway M J, Mukhopadhyay B, Dyar M D, Dutrow B L, Rumble D, Grambling J A (1991) A new perspective on staurolite crystal chemistry: Use of stoichiometric and chemical end-members for a mole fraction model, American Mineralogist, 76, 1910-1991 [view file]

Lang H M (1991) Quantitative interpretation of within-outcrop variation in metamorphic assemblage in staurolite-kyanite-grade metapelites, Baltimore, Maryland, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 655-671 [view file]

Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 551-582 [view file]

Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. II. Order – disorder and the monoclinic → orthorhombic phase transition, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 583-595 [view file]

Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. III. Local order and chemical composition, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 597-616 [view file]

Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungeretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation–dehydrogenation in staurolite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 477-489 [view file]

Hawthorne F C, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Caucia F, Callegari A (1994) Crystal-structure refinement of hydrogen-rich staurolite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 491-495 [view file]

Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1994) The crystal chemistry of staurolite: reply, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 714-715 [view file]

Hollister L S (1994) The crystal chemistry of staurolite: discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 713-714 [view file]

Oberti R, Hawthorne F C, Zanetti A, Ottolini L (1996) Crystal-structure refinement of a highly ordered staurolite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 1051-1057 [view file]

Koch-Müller M, Kahlenberg V, Bubenick W, Gottschalk M (1998) Crystal-structure refinement of synthetic Fe- and Mg-staurolite by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder-diffraction data, European Journal of Mineralogy, 10, 453-460

Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]

Brouwer F M, Engi M (2005) Staurolite and other aluminous phases in Alpine eclogite from the Central Swiss Alps: analysis of domain evolution, The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 105-128 [view file]

Marzouki M A, Souvignier B, Nespolo M (2014) The staurolite enigma solved, Acta Crystallographica, A70, 348-353

Nespolo M, Moëlo Y (2019) Structural interpretation of a new twin in staurolite from Coray, Brittany, France, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 785-790