Summary: Pyrolusite pseudomorphous after manganite occurs at Serro do Navio, Amapa, Brazil. It consists of wedges, flattened on (100) and elongated along [010], twinned on (011) and showing forms d{210}, , b{010}, and f{021} (all indices referred to manganite, in the setting of Dana, 7th edn). The difficulty of distinguishing between pyrolusite pseudomorphous after manganite and after groutite is discussed and also the possible existence of the latter. The distinction was made here by measuring the twinning angle between the pyrolusite lattices using (0kl) precession photographs. Specimens of manganite intergrown with pyrolusite are described and their relative orientations determined. On heating, manganite partly decomposes to a monoclinic phase, a 9·9 Å, b 5·73 Å, c 4·89 Å, β 98°, space group I2, Im, or I2/m.