Summary: Pyrophanite was found in quartz-rhodochrosite veins in hornstones of Algonkian pyritemanganese ores. Photometric reflectance falls from R₀ 24 and R_E′ 19 at 405 mµ to R₀ 18 and R_E′ 15% at 656 mµ (in air). Vickers microhardness (100 g load) demonstrates directional anisotropy, the average value is 611 kg/mm². Besides the main constituents, subordinate to trace quantities of Mg, Si, Al, Ca, and Cu were recorded by a spectrographic analysis. Unit-cell dimensions are a = 5·131 and c = 14·27 Å. Electron-microprobe analysis gave MnO 43·3, FeO 3·8, MgO 0·05, TiO₂ 52·9, SiO₂ 0·1, total 100·15%. The origin of the Chvaletice pyrophanite was most probably connected with a hydrothermal metamorphism of an Alpine-paragenesis type. The source of elements was older sedimentary, basic volcanic, and metamorphic mineral assemblages.