Abstract: A peralkaline nephelinite lava ([Na+K]/A1 2.15) from the active carbonatite volcano Oldoinyo Lengai, contains combeite, Ba lamprophyllite, a phase with affinities to delhayelite, CeSrNb perovskite, a CaNa phosphate high in Sr, Ba and K, and peralkaline glass; in addition to Fe-rich nepheline, aegirine-rich clinopyroxene and FeK-rich sodalite. The high alkali concentrations relative to almnina in the bulk rock could not have been achieved by fractionational crystallisation of the known Al-rich phenocryst phases (nepheline and sodalite) and some other process must be invoked.