R061127 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Pyrrhotite R061127

Name: Pyrrhotite
RRUFF ID: R061127
Ideal Chemistry: Fe₇S₈
Locality: Morro Velho Gold mine, Nova Umha, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Source: Michael Scott S103486 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Brass colored, prismatic crystals associated with quartz and dolomite
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Mineral Group: [ Nickeline (5) ]

Quick search: [ All Pyrrhotite samples (2) ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R061127

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R061127.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 11.898(3)Å b: 6.873(2)Å c: 22.812(7)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90.39(1)° gamma: 90° Volume: 1865.4(8)Å³ Crystal System: monoclinic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Pyrrhotite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Breithaupt J F A (1835) Ueber das Verhältniss der Formen zu den Mischungen krystallisirter Körper, Journal für Praktische Chemie, 4, 249-271 [view file]
Alsén N (1925) Röntgenographische Untersuchung der Kristallstrukturen von Magnetkies, Breithauptit, Pentlandit, Millerit und verwandten Verbindungen, Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 47, 19-72 [view file]
Ross C S, Kerr P F (1932) The manganese minerals of a vein near Bald Knob, North Carolina, American Mineralogist, 17, 1-18 [view file]
Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]
Campbell F A (1963) Sphalerite-pyrrhotite relationships at Quemont mine, The Canadian Mineralogist, 7, 367-374 [view file]
Arnold R G (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh annual meeting: Composition, structure and temperature of stability of natural and synthetic pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 660-661 [view file]
Graham A R (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh meeting: Quantitative determination of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites by X–ray diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 665-666 [view file]
Arnold R G (1967) Range in composition and structure of 82 natural terrestrial pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 31-50 [view file]
Fleet M E, Macrae N (1968) Two-phase hexagonal pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 699-705 [view file]
Graham A R (1969) Quantitative determination of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites by X-ray diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 4-24 [view file]
Clark A H (1970) Quantitative determination of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites by X-ray diffraction: A discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 278-280 [view file]
Batt A P (1972) Shorter communications: Nickel distribution in hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 892-897 [view file]
Vaughan D J (1973) Variation in properties of synthetic "pyrrhotites" of composition Fe_1-xS (0≤x≤0.14), The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 1008-1011 [view file]
Ramsden A R (1975) Compositions of coexisting pyrrhotites, pentlandites and pyrites at Spargoville, western Australia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 13, 133-137 [view file]
Bailey S W (1977) Report of the I.M.A-I.U.Cr. Joint Committee on Nomenclature, American Mineralogist, 62, 411-415 [view file]
Corlett M (1977) Iron oxides and pyrrhotites from Igdlukunguaq, Disko Island, Greenland, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 540-545 [view file]
Tatsuka K, Morimoto N (1977) Tetrahedrite stability relations in the Cu-Fe-Sb-S system, American Mineralogist, 62, 1101-1109 [view file]
Fleet M E (1978) The pyrrhotite - marcasite transformation, The Canadian Mineralogist, 16, 31-35 [view file]
Kübler L (1981) Note on the hardness of hexagonal pyrrhotite and a method for measuring the abrasion depth in sulfides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 355-359 [view file]
Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426
Campbell F A, Ethier V G (1984) Nickel and cobalt in pyrrhotite and pyrite from the Faro and Sullivan orebodies, The Canadian Mineralogist, 22, 503-506 [view file]
Pasquariello D M, Kershaw R, Passaretti J D, Dwight K, Wold A (1984) Low-temperature synthesis and properties of Co₉S₈, Ni₃S₂, and Fe₇S₈, Inorganic Chemistry, 23, 872-874
Jeppsson M (1988) Photochemically accellerated surface-diffusion of silver on chalcopyrite, isocubanite and pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 26, 973-978 [view file]
Keller-Besrest F, Collin G (1990) Structural aspects of the α transition in stoichiometric FeS: identification of the high-temperature phase, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 84, 194-210
Chai G, Naldrett A J, Rucklidge J C, Kilius L R (1993) In situ quantitative analyses for PGE and Au in sulfide minerals of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu deposit by accelerator mass spectrometry, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 19-30 [view file]
Pratt A R, Muir I J, Nesbitt H W (1994) X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopic studies of pyrrhotite and mechanism of air oxidation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 827-841
Larocque A C L, Hodgson C J, Cabri L J, Jackman J A (1995) Ion-microprobe analysis of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite from the Mobrun VMS deposit in northwestern Quebec: evidence for metamorphic remobilization of gold, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 373-388 [view file]
Lynch G, Mengel F (1995) Metamorphism of arsenopyrite-pyrite-sphalerite-pyrrhotite lenses, western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 105-114 [view file]
Barkov A Y, Laajoki K V O, Men'shikov Y P, Alapieti T T, Sivonen S J (1997) First terrestrial occurrence of titanium-rich pyrrhotite, marcasite and pyrite in a fenitized xenolith from the Khibina alkaline complex, Russia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 875-885 [view file]
Farrell S P, Fleet M E (2002) Phase separation in (Fe,Co)_1-xS monosulfide solid-solution below 450°C, with consequences for coexisting pyrrhotite and pentlandite in magmatic sulfide deposits, The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 33-46 [view file]
Frankel R B, Bazylinski D A (2003) Biologically induced mineralization by bacteria, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 54, 95-114
Froese E (2003) Point defects in pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 1061-1067 [view file]
Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Gabašová A, Hloušek J, Šrein V, Vavrín I, Skála R, Sejkora J, Drábek M (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district, Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 48, 19-147 [view file]
Powell A V, Vaqueiro P, Knight K S, Chapon L C, Sánchez R D (2004) Structure and magnetism in synthetic pyrrhotite Fe₇S₈: A powder neutron-diffraction study, Physical Review B, 70, 014415-12
Wang H, Salveson I (2005) A review on the mineral chemistry of the non-stoichiometric iron sulphide, Fe_1-xS (0≤x≤0.125): polymorphs, phase relations and transitions, electronic and magnetic structures, Phase Transitions, 78, 547-567
Goh S W, Buckley A N, Lamb R N, Rosenberg R A, Moran D (2006) The oxidation states of copper and iron in mineral sulfides, and the oxides formed on initial exposure of chalcopyrite and bornite to air, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 2210-2228
de Villiers J P R, Liles D C (2010) The crystal-structure and vacancy distribution in 6C pyrrhotite, American Mineralogist, 95, 148-152 [view file]
Lilies D C, Villiers J P R D (2012) Redetermination of the structure of 5C pyrrhotite at low temperature and at room temperature, American Mineralogist, 97, 257-261 [view file]
Gordon S C, McDonald A M (2015) A study of the composition, distribution, and genesis of pyrrhotite in the Copper Cliff Offset, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, The Canadian Mineralogist, 53, 859-878
Gainsforth Z, Lauretta D S, Tamura N, Westphal A J, Jilly-Rehak C E, Butterworth A L (2017) Insights into solar nebula formation of pyrrhotite from nanoscale disequilibrium phases produced by H^₂S sulfidation of Fe metal, American Mineralogist, 102, 1881-1893
Fernández-Remolar D C, Banerjee N, Gómez-Ortiz D, Izawa M, Amils R (2018) A mineralogical archive of the biogeochemical sulfur cycle preserved in the subsurface of the Río Tinto system, American Mineralogist, 103, 394-411
Lorand J P, Pont S, Chevrier V, Luguet A, Zanda B, Hewins R (2018) Petrogenesis of martian sulfides in the Chassigny meteorite, American Mineralogist, 103, 872-885
Volk M W R, McCalla E, Voigt B, Manno M, Leighton C, Feinberg J M (2018) Changes in physical properties of 4C pyrrhotite (Fe₇S₈) across the 32 K Besnus transition, American Mineralogist, 103, 1674–1689
Haines C R S, Lampronti G I, Klooster W T, Coles S J, Dutton S E, Carpenter M A (2020) Morin-type transition in 5C pyrrhotite, American Mineralogist, 105, 1404-1411
Jin L, Koulialias D, Schnedler M, Gehring A U, Pósfai M, Ebert P, Charilaou M, Schäublin R E, Jia C, Löffler J F, Dunin-Borkowski R E (2021) Atomic-scale characterization of commensurate and incommensurate vacancy superstructures in natural pyrrhotites, American Mineralogist, 106, 82-96

REFERENCES for Pyrrhotite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Breithaupt J F A (1835) Ueber das Verhältniss der Formen zu den Mischungen krystallisirter Körper, Journal für Praktische Chemie, 4, 249-271 [view file]

Alsén N (1925) Röntgenographische Untersuchung der Kristallstrukturen von Magnetkies, Breithauptit, Pentlandit, Millerit und verwandten Verbindungen, Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 47, 19-72 [view file]

Ross C S, Kerr P F (1932) The manganese minerals of a vein near Bald Knob, North Carolina, American Mineralogist, 17, 1-18 [view file]

Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]

Campbell F A (1963) Sphalerite-pyrrhotite relationships at Quemont mine, The Canadian Mineralogist, 7, 367-374 [view file]

Arnold R G (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh annual meeting: Composition, structure and temperature of stability of natural and synthetic pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 660-661 [view file]

Graham A R (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh meeting: Quantitative determination of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites by X–ray diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 665-666 [view file]

Arnold R G (1967) Range in composition and structure of 82 natural terrestrial pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 31-50 [view file]

Fleet M E, Macrae N (1968) Two-phase hexagonal pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 699-705 [view file]

Graham A R (1969) Quantitative determination of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites by X-ray diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 4-24 [view file]

Clark A H (1970) Quantitative determination of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites by X-ray diffraction: A discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 278-280 [view file]

Batt A P (1972) Shorter communications: Nickel distribution in hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 892-897 [view file]

Vaughan D J (1973) Variation in properties of synthetic "pyrrhotites" of composition Fe_1-xS (0≤x≤0.14), The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 1008-1011 [view file]

Ramsden A R (1975) Compositions of coexisting pyrrhotites, pentlandites and pyrites at Spargoville, western Australia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 13, 133-137 [view file]

Bailey S W (1977) Report of the I.M.A-I.U.Cr. Joint Committee on Nomenclature, American Mineralogist, 62, 411-415 [view file]

Corlett M (1977) Iron oxides and pyrrhotites from Igdlukunguaq, Disko Island, Greenland, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 540-545 [view file]

Tatsuka K, Morimoto N (1977) Tetrahedrite stability relations in the Cu-Fe-Sb-S system, American Mineralogist, 62, 1101-1109 [view file]

Fleet M E (1978) The pyrrhotite - marcasite transformation, The Canadian Mineralogist, 16, 31-35 [view file]

Kübler L (1981) Note on the hardness of hexagonal pyrrhotite and a method for measuring the abrasion depth in sulfides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 355-359 [view file]

Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426

Campbell F A, Ethier V G (1984) Nickel and cobalt in pyrrhotite and pyrite from the Faro and Sullivan orebodies, The Canadian Mineralogist, 22, 503-506 [view file]

Pasquariello D M, Kershaw R, Passaretti J D, Dwight K, Wold A (1984) Low-temperature synthesis and properties of Co₉S₈, Ni₃S₂, and Fe₇S₈, Inorganic Chemistry, 23, 872-874

Jeppsson M (1988) Photochemically accellerated surface-diffusion of silver on chalcopyrite, isocubanite and pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 26, 973-978 [view file]

Keller-Besrest F, Collin G (1990) Structural aspects of the α transition in stoichiometric FeS: identification of the high-temperature phase, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 84, 194-210

Chai G, Naldrett A J, Rucklidge J C, Kilius L R (1993) In situ quantitative analyses for PGE and Au in sulfide minerals of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu deposit by accelerator mass spectrometry, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 19-30 [view file]

Pratt A R, Muir I J, Nesbitt H W (1994) X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopic studies of pyrrhotite and mechanism of air oxidation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 827-841

Larocque A C L, Hodgson C J, Cabri L J, Jackman J A (1995) Ion-microprobe analysis of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite from the Mobrun VMS deposit in northwestern Quebec: evidence for metamorphic remobilization of gold, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 373-388 [view file]

Lynch G, Mengel F (1995) Metamorphism of arsenopyrite-pyrite-sphalerite-pyrrhotite lenses, western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 105-114 [view file]

Barkov A Y, Laajoki K V O, Men'shikov Y P, Alapieti T T, Sivonen S J (1997) First terrestrial occurrence of titanium-rich pyrrhotite, marcasite and pyrite in a fenitized xenolith from the Khibina alkaline complex, Russia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 875-885 [view file]

Farrell S P, Fleet M E (2002) Phase separation in (Fe,Co)_1-xS monosulfide solid-solution below 450°C, with consequences for coexisting pyrrhotite and pentlandite in magmatic sulfide deposits, The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 33-46 [view file]

Frankel R B, Bazylinski D A (2003) Biologically induced mineralization by bacteria, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 54, 95-114

Froese E (2003) Point defects in pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 1061-1067 [view file]

Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Gabašová A, Hloušek J, Šrein V, Vavrín I, Skála R, Sejkora J, Drábek M (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district, Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 48, 19-147 [view file]

Powell A V, Vaqueiro P, Knight K S, Chapon L C, Sánchez R D (2004) Structure and magnetism in synthetic pyrrhotite Fe₇S₈: A powder neutron-diffraction study, Physical Review B, 70, 014415-12

Wang H, Salveson I (2005) A review on the mineral chemistry of the non-stoichiometric iron sulphide, Fe_1-xS (0≤x≤0.125): polymorphs, phase relations and transitions, electronic and magnetic structures, Phase Transitions, 78, 547-567

Goh S W, Buckley A N, Lamb R N, Rosenberg R A, Moran D (2006) The oxidation states of copper and iron in mineral sulfides, and the oxides formed on initial exposure of chalcopyrite and bornite to air, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 2210-2228

de Villiers J P R, Liles D C (2010) The crystal-structure and vacancy distribution in 6C pyrrhotite, American Mineralogist, 95, 148-152 [view file]

Lilies D C, Villiers J P R D (2012) Redetermination of the structure of 5C pyrrhotite at low temperature and at room temperature, American Mineralogist, 97, 257-261 [view file]

Gordon S C, McDonald A M (2015) A study of the composition, distribution, and genesis of pyrrhotite in the Copper Cliff Offset, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, The Canadian Mineralogist, 53, 859-878

Gainsforth Z, Lauretta D S, Tamura N, Westphal A J, Jilly-Rehak C E, Butterworth A L (2017) Insights into solar nebula formation of pyrrhotite from nanoscale disequilibrium phases produced by H^₂S sulfidation of Fe metal, American Mineralogist, 102, 1881-1893

Fernández-Remolar D C, Banerjee N, Gómez-Ortiz D, Izawa M, Amils R (2018) A mineralogical archive of the biogeochemical sulfur cycle preserved in the subsurface of the Río Tinto system, American Mineralogist, 103, 394-411

Lorand J P, Pont S, Chevrier V, Luguet A, Zanda B, Hewins R (2018) Petrogenesis of martian sulfides in the Chassigny meteorite, American Mineralogist, 103, 872-885

Volk M W R, McCalla E, Voigt B, Manno M, Leighton C, Feinberg J M (2018) Changes in physical properties of 4C pyrrhotite (Fe₇S₈) across the 32 K Besnus transition, American Mineralogist, 103, 1674–1689

Haines C R S, Lampronti G I, Klooster W T, Coles S J, Dutton S E, Carpenter M A (2020) Morin-type transition in 5C pyrrhotite, American Mineralogist, 105, 1404-1411

Jin L, Koulialias D, Schnedler M, Gehring A U, Pósfai M, Ebert P, Charilaou M, Schäublin R E, Jia C, Löffler J F, Dunin-Borkowski R E (2021) Atomic-scale characterization of commensurate and incommensurate vacancy superstructures in natural pyrrhotites, American Mineralogist, 106, 82-96