Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Khomas Region, Namibia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1200
Youngest recorded age at locality: 31.8

mindat Locality ID: 108756
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-108756.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Khomas Region, Namibia": 65
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 52

Number of Child Localities: 4
Child Localities:
Dordabis
Gamsberg Area
Stalhart Volcanic Field
Windhoek District

Latitude: 23°4'56"S
Longitude: 17°0'27"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -23.082222222222,17.0075
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be C Ca Ce Cl Cu F Fe H K La Li Mg Mn Mo N Na Nb O P Pb S Si Sr Th Ti W Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAnalcimeAncyliteApatiteApophylliteArcaniteArisite
ArsenopyriteBaddeleyiteBaryteBastnäsiteBerylBiphosphammiteBlöditeBrochantiteCalciteCancrinite
Cancrinite-sodaliteCatapleiiteCeriteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteCopperCordyliteCorundum
CovelliteCristobaliteCubaniteDiasporeDigeniteEpidoteEudialyteFeldsparFluoriteGypsum
HeulanditeHexahydriteLöllingiteLabuntsoviteMalachiteMarcasiteMelanteriteMicaMolybdeniteMonazite
NatroliteNeptuniteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPalygorskiteParisitePectolitePerovskitePyrite
PyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRutileScheeliteSodaliteSphaleriteSpinelStarkeyiteSteacyite
TalcTitaniteTobermoriteTourmalineTridymiteWurtziteZirconZorite

149 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Aegirine  (*)Aegirine-augite  (*)Albite  (*)Analcime  (*)
Ankerite  (*)Arcanite  (*)Archerite  (*)Arfvedsonite  (*)Arisite-(Ce)  (*)
Arisite-(La)  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baddeleyite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Bastnäsite-(Ce)  (*)Bastnäsite-(La)  (*)Blödite  (*)Bornite  (*)Brochantite  (*)
Brushite  (*)Calcioancylite-(Ce)  (*)Calcite  (*)Cancrinite  (*)Catapleiite  (*)
Cerite-(Ce)  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clinoptilolite-Na  (*)
Copper  (*)Cordierite  (*)Cordylite-(Ce)  (*)Corundum  (*)Covellite  (*)
Cristobalite  (*)Cryolite  (*)Cubanite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Cuprotungstite  (*)
Diaspore  (*)Digenite  (*)Diopside  (*)Dittmarite  (*)Dolomite  (*)
Dravite  (*)Ellingsenite  (*)Epidote  (*)Escheite  (*)Eudialyte  (*)
Ferro-actinolite  (*)Ferroceladonite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorapophyllite-(K)  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Galena  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Götzenite  (*)Graphite  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Haüyne  (*)Hematite  (*)Heulandite-Na  (*)Hexahydrite  (*)
Hilairite  (*)Hydroxylapatite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Kalsilite  (*)Kamphaugite-(Y)  (*)
Kanemite  (*)Kenyaite  (*)Korobitsynite  (*)Kozoite-(La)  (*)Kyanite  (*)
Labuntsovite-Mn  (*)Leucite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Lovdarite  (*)Magadiite  (*)
Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Makatite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)
Margarite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Microcline  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Molybdite  (*)
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Monazite-(La)  (*)Mundrabillaite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Narsarsukite  (*)
Natrojarosite  (*)Natrolite  (*)Natrophosphate  (*)Nenadkevichite  (*)Nepheline  (*)
Neptunite  (*)Nosean  (*)Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Oxy-dravite  (*)
Palygorskite  (*)Parisite-(Ce)  (*)Pectolite  (*)Pentahydrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrophanite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Rinkite-(Ce)  (*)
Rosenbuschite  (*)Rutile  (*)Sanidine  (*)Sazhinite-(Ce)  (*)Sazhinite-(La)  (*)
Scheelite  (*)Schizolite  (*)Schorl  (*)Serandite  (*)Siderite  (*)
Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sodalite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Starkeyite  (*)
Steacyite  (*)Swaknoite  (*)Talc  (*)Tenorite  (*)Thorite  (*)
Thornasite  (*)Titanite  (*)Tobermorite  (*)Todorokite  (*)Tremolite  (*)
Troilite  (*)Tsepinite-Na  (*)Tuperssuatsiaite  (*)Villiaumite  (*)Vinogradovite  (*)
Windhoekite  (*)Wurtzite  (*)Yofortierite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2386761,86777,868203419
Aegirine  (*)PyroxeneNaFe3+Si2O632.231.8386782,86786,867901022
Aegirine-augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O632.231.8186786286
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)52131.8786770,86775,86776,86782,86786,86797,868158803
Analcime  (*)AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6)·H2O32.231.81867861627
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)21867933092
Arcanite  (*)ArcaniteK2(SO4)286787,8679430
Archerite  (*)BiphosphammiteH2K(PO4)1867877
Arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)232.231.8286782,86786295
Arisite-(Ce)  (*)ArisiteNaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F32.231.81867864
Arisite-(La)  (*)ArisiteNaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F32.231.81867861
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS286793,868209052
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2521514286775,868155509
Baddeleyite  (*)BaddeleyiteZrO232.231.8186786238
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)486768,86775,86793,8682011547
Bastnäsite-(Ce)  (*)BastnäsiteCe(CO3)F32.231.8186786304
Bastnäsite-(La)  (*)BastnäsiteLa(CO3)F32.231.818678630
Blödite  (*)BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O186793130
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4586775,86793,86806,86808,868205516
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)65215141868151633
Brushite  (*)GypsumCa(PO3OH)·2H2O186793104
Calcioancylite-(Ce)  (*)Ancylite(Ce,Ca,Sr)(CO3)(OH,H2O)32.231.818678646
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)52131.8986764,86770,86775,86786,86793,86797,86808,86815,8682027770
Cancrinite  (*)Cancrinite(Na,Ca,   )8(Al6Si6)O24(CO3,SO4)2·2H2O32.231.8186786232
Catapleiite  (*)CatapleiiteNa2Zr(Si3O9)·2H2O32.231.8186786113
Cerite-(Ce)  (*)Cerite(Ce7Ca2)   Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)332.231.818678647
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S521514686775,86793,86806,86808,86815,868205707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS252131.8786775,86786,86793,86806,86808,86815,8682027198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O521514886775,86790,86793,86799,86800,86808,86815,868203531
Clinoptilolite-Na  (*)HeulanditeNa6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O32.231.818678624
Copper  (*)CopperCu521514586771,86793,86808,86815,868203846
Cordierite  (*)BerylMg2Al4Si5O181867611008
Cordylite-(Ce)  (*)Cordylite(Na,Ca,   )BaCe2(CO3)4(F,O)32.231.818678615
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O31867891797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS286793,868064165
Cristobalite  (*)CristobaliteSiO2186787453
Cryolite  (*)PerovskiteNa2NaAlF632.231.818678650
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3286793,86808802
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O521514586775,86793,86808,86815,868202970
Cuprotungstite  (*)NoneCu2+3(WO4)2(OH)218677567
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)186789481
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S1868061027
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O632.231.81867864135
Dittmarite  (*)None(NH4)Mg(PO4)·H2O1867877
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)232.231.8486766,86778,86786,867979895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)186797648
Ellingsenite  (*)NoneNa5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13·6H2O32.231.81867861
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)32.231.81086761,86762,86764,86773,86776,86777,86781,86786,86788,867938173
Escheite  (*)ZoriteCa2NaMnTi5[Si12O34]O2(OH)3·12H2O32.231.81867861
Eudialyte  (*)EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)232.231.8186786182
Ferro-actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg2.5-0.0Fe2+2.5-5.0)Si8O22(OH)2286761,86770129
Ferroceladonite  (*)MicaKFe2+Fe3+Si4O10(OH)232.231.818678610
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F52131.8486777,86786,86808,868152740
Fluorapophyllite-(K)  (*)ApophylliteKCa4Si8O20F·8H2O32.231.8186786303
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF232.231.8386775,86782,867869617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS32.231.8486786,86793,86806,8682024243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)521514486763,86793,86815,868207437
Gold  (*)CopperAu52131.8986771,86775,86786,86790,86793,86809,86815,86820,8682230554
Götzenite  (*)NoneCa4NaCa2Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F232.231.818678627
Graphite  (*)NoneC1868062812
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O1867936890
Haüyne  (*)Sodalite Cancrinite-sodaliteNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)32.231.8186786158
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3521514586761,86766,86775,86793,8681514640
Heulandite-Na  (*)Heulandite(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72·22H2O32.231.818678618
Hexahydrite  (*)HexahydriteMg(SO4)·6H2O186793251
Hilairite  (*)NoneNa2ZrSi3O9·3H2O32.231.818678618
Hydroxylapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3OH186766367
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O3286775,867935433
Kalsilite  (*)NoneKAlSiO418678249
Kamphaugite-(Y)  (*)NoneCaY(CO3)2(OH)·H2O18676628
Kanemite  (*)NoneNaSi2O4(OH)·3H2O32.231.81867864
Kenyaite  (*)NoneNa2Si22O41(OH)8·6H2O32.231.81867868
Korobitsynite  (*)Labuntsovite(Na,   )4Ti2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2·4H2O32.231.81867866
Kozoite-(La)  (*)AncyliteLa(CO3)(OH)32.231.81867863
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO41586772,86774,86775,86789,86795,86796,86801,86802,86804,86810,86811,86816,86817,86818,868211507
Labuntsovite-Mn  (*)LabuntsoviteNa4K4Mn2+2Ti8O4(Si4O12)4(OH)4·10-12H2O32.231.818678618
Leucite  (*)AnalcimeK(AlSi2O6)32.231.8186786233
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs232.231.8286775,86786762
Lovdarite  (*)NoneK2Na6Be4Si14O36·9H2O32.231.81867863
Magadiite  (*)NoneNa2Si14O28(OH)2·8H2O32.231.818678611
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)286763,867751487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O452131.8686775,86786,86793,86808,86815,8682014899
Makatite  (*)NoneNa2Si4O8(OH)2·4H2O32.231.81867868
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2521514586775,86793,86808,86815,8682012537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS21867935674
Margarite  (*)Mica ClayCaAl2Si2Al2O10(OH)2186808168
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O186793915
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)32.231.81867864924
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS2521514586775,86793,86808,86814,868155800
Molybdite  (*)NoneMoO3186775140
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)32.231.8186786945
Monazite-(La)  (*)MonaziteLa(PO4)32.231.818678638
Mundrabillaite  (*)None(NH4)2Ca(PO3OH)2·H2O1867872
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)232.231.8586767,86775,86786,86793,8680817380
Narsarsukite  (*)NoneNa2(Ti,Fe3+)Si4(O,F)1132.231.818678634
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6186775254
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O32.231.8286782,867861236
Natrophosphate  (*)NoneNa7(PO4)2F·19H2O32.231.81867868
Nenadkevichite  (*)Labuntsovite(Na,   )8Nb4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·8H2O32.231.818678619
Nepheline  (*)TridymiteNa3K(Al4Si4O16)32.231.8286782,86786884
Neptunite  (*)NeptuniteKNa2LiFe2+2Ti2Si8O2432.231.818678649
Nosean  (*)Sodalite Cancrinite-sodaliteNa8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)·H2O18678275
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O32.231.8286777,867862994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)286775,867822349
Oxy-dravite  (*)TourmalineNa(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O18679724
Palygorskite  (*)Palygorskite Clay(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O32.231.8186786306
Parisite-(Ce)  (*)ParisiteCaCe2(CO3)3F232.231.8186786112
Pectolite  (*)PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)32.231.8286782,86786363
Pentahydrite  (*)ChalcanthiteMg(SO4)·5H2O18679332
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2521514586793,86806,86808,86815,8682039462
Pyrophanite  (*)CorundumMn2+TiO332.231.8186786244
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8386793,86806,868209056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO252131.82486761,86763,86765,86766,86767,86768,86769,86770,86775,86776,86777,86778,86779,86786,86787,86789,86793,86797,86804,86806,86808,86815,86820,8682261156
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)32.231.81867861711
Rinkite-(Ce)  (*)None(Ca3REE)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F232.231.818678653
Rosenbuschite  (*)NoneCa6Zr2Na6ZrTi(Si2O7)4(OF)2F432.231.818678642
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO25215141086761,86765,86767,86775,86780,86781,86789,86793,86808,868155614
Sanidine  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)32.231.8286782,86786598
Sazhinite-(Ce)  (*)NoneNa3CeSi6O15·2H2O32.231.81867864
Sazhinite-(La)  (*)NoneNa3LaSi6O15·2H2O32.231.81867863
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)286775,867804894
Schizolite  (*)PectoliteNaCaMnSi3O8(OH)32.231.818678610
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1867802705
Serandite  (*)PectoliteNaMn2+2Si3O8(OH)32.231.818678638
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)5215141868156417
Silver  (*)CopperAg521514586793,86806,86809,86815,868205186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)5215141868152473
Sodalite  (*)Cancrinite-sodalite SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl32.231.8286782,86786444
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS32.231.8486786,86793,86806,8682021482
Starkeyite  (*)StarkeyiteMg(SO4)·4H2O18679379
Steacyite  (*)SteacyiteK0.3(Na,Ca)2ThSi8O2032.231.81867868
Swaknoite  (*)None(NH4)2Ca(PO3OH)2·H2O1867871
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)21867753337
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO286775,867931101
Thorite  (*)ZirconTh(SiO4)32.231.81867861006
Thornasite  (*)NoneNa12Th3(Si8O19)4·18H2O32.231.81867863
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O32.231.8786761,86763,86769,86779,86780,86781,867864899
Tobermorite  (*)TobermoriteCa4Si6O17(H2O)2·(Ca·3H2O)32.231.8186786114
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O32.231.8186786433
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2486774,86784,86798,868032562
Troilite  (*)NoneFeS32.231.81867861044
Tsepinite-Na  (*)Labuntsovite(Na,H3O,K,Sr,Ba,   )2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2·3H2O32.231.81867866
Tuperssuatsiaite  (*)PalygorskiteNa2(Fe3+,Mn2+)3Si8O20(OH)2·4H2O32.231.818678610
Villiaumite  (*)RocksaltNaF32.231.818678631
Vinogradovite  (*)NoneNa4Ti4(Si2O6)2[(Si,Al)4O10]O4·(H2O,Na,K)332.231.818678628
Windhoekite  (*)PalygorskiteCa2Fe3+3-x[Si8O20](OH)4·10H2O32.231.81867861
Wurtzite  (*)WurtziteZnS32.231.8186786372
Yofortierite  (*)Palygorskite ClayMn2+5Si8O20(OH)2·7H2O32.231.81867868
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)32.231.8286766,867865251


6 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
sedcu-0053112001200M.Proterozoic       Cu236801Dordabis, Khomas Region, NamibiaDordabisCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
Michelle_003932.231.832±0.2Ar-ArAge of Aris Phonolitewhole rock     7687Aris Quarries (Ariskop Quarry; Railway Quarry), Aris, Windhoek District, Khomas Region, NamibiaAris QuarryKolitsch et al. (2016) BOOK_AMFAP_2016Age of whole rock. Book references publication that has dated Aris Phonolite but is unavailable.
Mo-00085521515518±3Re-Os molybdeniteTT-615  Molybdenite Mo2423Ogonja Mine (Onganja Mine; Emke Mine; Emka; Otjisongati), Ogonja (Onganja), Seeis, Windhoek District, Khomas Region, NamibiaOnganjaMoore (2010)10.2113/gssajg.113.4.445SAJG113_445 
Mo-00086520514517±3Re-Os molybdeniteTT-623  Molybdenite Mo2423Ogonja Mine (Onganja Mine; Emke Mine; Emka; Otjisongati), Ogonja (Onganja), Seeis, Windhoek District, Khomas Region, NamibiaOnganjaMoore (2010)10.2113/gssajg.113.4.445SAJG113_445 
Mo-00087521515518±3Re-Os molybdeniteTT-624  Molybdenite Mo2423Ogonja Mine (Onganja Mine; Emke Mine; Emka; Otjisongati), Ogonja (Onganja), Seeis, Windhoek District, Khomas Region, NamibiaOnganjaMoore (2010)10.2113/gssajg.113.4.445SAJG113_445 
Mo-00188521521 Re-Os molybdenite   MolybdeniteMolybdeniteMo24408Windhoek, Windhoek District, Khomas Region, NamibiaWindhoekMoore (2010)10.2113/gssajg.113.4.445SAJG113_445 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R120051Aris Quarries (Ariskop Quarry; Railway Quarry), Aris, Windhoek District, Khomas Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R120051
R050594Aris Quarries (Ariskop Quarry; Railway Quarry), Aris, Windhoek District, Khomas Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050594
R050223Aris Quarries (Ariskop Quarry; Railway Quarry), Aris, Windhoek District, Khomas Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050223

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