Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

Important Update News

The RRUFF Project is being updated to improve its interface and content. The beta version of the update is accessible to the public at RRUFF.net. New data is only being added to the beta site. Please note that it is in development, and some components are not functional. Existing RRUFF.info links will resolve to the new site after RRUFF.net is officially released.

We are grateful to NASA for the funding of this effort.

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Santiago, Chile

Oldest recorded age at locality: 5.597
Youngest recorded age at locality: 4.31

mindat Locality ID: 131751
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-131751.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Santiago, Chile": 33
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 20

Number of Child Localities: 11
Child Localities:
Andina Mine
Chacabuco Province
Cordillera Province
Disputada De Las Condes Mine
Maipo Province
Melipilla Province
Rio Blanco Mine
San Pedro Nolasco
Santiago Province
Sur Sur Mine
Talagante Province

Latitude: 33°31'19"S
Longitude: 70°29'16"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -33.521944444444,-70.487777777778

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Allophane	Alunite	Amphibole	Aragonite	Arsenopyrite	Atacamite	Baryte	Calcite	Chalcanthite
Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Cobaltite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite	Diaspore	Digenite	Enargite
Epidote	Feldspar	Gypsum	Löllingite	Malachite	Mica	Molybdenite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group
Prehnite	Pyrite	Pyrophyllite	Quartz	Rocksalt	Roselite	Rutile	Smectite-vermiculite	Sphalerite	Spinel
Stannite	Tetrahedrite	Titanite	Tourmaline	Valleriite	Vivianite	Wurtzite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba C Ca Cl Co Cu Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O Pb S Sb Si Ti Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Allophane Alunite Amphibole Aragonite Arsenopyrite Atacamite Baryte Calcite Chalcanthite
Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite Cobaltite Copper Corundum Covellite Diaspore Digenite Enargite
Epidote Feldspar Gypsum Löllingite Malachite Mica Molybdenite Nickeline None Not in a structural group
Prehnite Pyrite Pyrophyllite Quartz Rocksalt Roselite Rutile Smectite-vermiculite Sphalerite Spinel
Stannite Tetrahedrite Titanite Tourmaline Valleriite Vivianite Wurtzite

56 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Actinolite ()*	Albite ()*	Alunite ()*	Anhydrite ()*
Arsenopyrite ()*	Asbolane ()*	Atacamite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bornite ()*
Calcite ()*	Cerussite ()*	Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chrysocolla ()*	Cobaltite ()*	Copper ()*	Covellite ()*	Cuprite ()*
Digenite ()*	Dravite ()*	Enargite ()*	Epidote ()*	Erythrite ()*
Ferrimolybdite ()*	Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Gold ()*	Gypsum ()*
Hematite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kröhnkite ()*	Laumontite ()*	Löllingite ()*
Luzonite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Montmorillonite ()*
Muscovite ()*	Prehnite ()*	Proustite ()*	Pyrargyrite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rutile ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tenorite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Titanite ()*	Valleriite ()*
Zoisite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S			1	36726	2793
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	5.597	4.31	3	36707,36713,36727	3419
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)			2	36713,36715	8803
Alunite ()*	None	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	5.597	4.31	1	36727	966
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	5.597	4.31	3	36700,36727,36728	1588
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	5.597	4.31	4	36708,36712,36716,36727	9052
Asbolane ()*	Not in a structural group	Mn⁴⁺(O,OH)₂·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)_x(OH)_2x·nH₂O			1	36708	143
Atacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃			2	36714,36724	544
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	5.597	4.31	4	36705,36712,36716,36727	11547
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	5.597	4.31	7	36707,36708,36709,36715,36717,36727,36728	5516
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	5.597	4.31	8	36703,36705,36707,36713,36714,36715,36726,36727	27770
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)			1	36703	4979
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O			3	36700,36721,36730	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	5.597	4.31	3	36715,36727,36728	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	5.597	4.31	14	36700,36703,36707,36708,36709,36712,36713,36714,36715,36716,36717,36727,36728,36730	27198
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O			3	36700,36714,36730	3531
Cobaltite ()*	Cobaltite	CoAsS			1	36708	966
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	5.597	4.31	2	36727,36730	3846
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	5.597	4.31	2	36727,36728	4165
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	5.597	4.31	1	36727	2970
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	5.597	4.31	1	36727	1027
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	5.597	4.31	1	36727	648
Enargite ()*	Enargite Wurtzite	Cu₃AsS₄	5.597	4.31	2	36720,36727	910
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	5.597	4.31	3	36713,36715,36727	8173
Erythrite ()*	Vivianite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O			1	36708	814
Ferrimolybdite ()*	None	Fe³⁺₂(Mo⁶⁺O₄)₃·7H₂O	5.597	4.31	2	36700,36727	345
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	5.597	4.31	8	36703,36707,36712,36713,36716,36719,36726,36727	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	5.597	4.31	1	36727	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au			4	36712,36713,36714,36716	30554
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	5.597	4.31	2	36727,36728	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	5.597	4.31	7	36707,36712,36714,36715,36716,36727,36728	14640
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	5.597	4.31	1	36727	2228
Kröhnkite ()*	Roselite	Na₂Cu(SO₄)₂·2H₂O			1	36730	27
Laumontite ()*	Not in a structural group	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·4H₂O			1	36713	1271
Löllingite ()*	Löllingite	FeAs₂			1	36708	762
Luzonite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₃AsS₄	5.597	4.31	1	36727	198
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	5.597	4.31	8	36700,36707,36708,36712,36713,36714,36727,36730	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂			3	36714,36715,36730	12537
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	5.597	4.31	2	36727,36728	5800
Montmorillonite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Na,Ca)_0.3(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O			1	36713	1508
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	5.597	4.31	4	36707,36714,36727,36728	17380
Prehnite ()*	Prehnite	Ca₂Al(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			1	36713	1898
Proustite ()*	None	Ag₃AsS₃			1	36726	733
Pyrargyrite ()*	None	Ag₃SbS₃			1	36726	1425
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	5.597	4.31	13	36700,36703,36707,36708,36709,36712,36713,36714,36715,36716,36727,36728,36730	39462
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	5.597	4.31	1	36727	771
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈			2	36707,36708	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	5.597	4.31	11	36700,36703,36707,36708,36712,36713,36714,36715,36716,36727,36728	61156
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	5.597	4.31	1	36727	5614
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	5.597	4.31	6	36703,36708,36712,36713,36716,36727	21482
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	5.597	4.31	1	36727	1803
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO	5.597	4.31	1	36727	1101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃			4	36708,36712,36716,36730	5317
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	5.597	4.31	1	36727	4899
Valleriite ()*	Valleriite	2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)₂]	5.597	4.31	1	36727	237
Zoisite ()*	Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	36707	1025

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	PorphCu-00034	5.597	4.31	5.32±0.277 to 4.37±0.06									Actinolite, Arsenopyrite, Bornite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Enargite, Epidote, Galena, Jarosite, Magnetite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Sphalerite	Cu	8886	Los Bronces Mine (Rio Blanco-Los Bronces Deposit), Santiago Province, Santiago, Chile	Los Bronces/Rio Blanco	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...