Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Tulufan Prefecture (Turfan Prefecture; Turpan Prefecture), Xinjiang, China

Oldest recorded age at locality: 345
Youngest recorded age at locality: 235

mindat Locality ID: 144075
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-144075.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Tulufan Prefecture (Turfan Prefecture; Turpan Prefecture), Xinjiang, China": 41
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 34

Number of Child Localities: 3
Child Localities:
Shanshan Co. (Piqan Co.; Pichan Co.)
Tulufan Co. (Turfan Co.; Turpan Co.)
Tuokexun Co. (Toksun Co.; Toqsun Co.)

Latitude: 42°17'56"N
Longitude: 89°18'5"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 42.298888888889,89.301388888889
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba C Ca Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn N Na O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn Sr Te Ti U W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleApatiteAragoniteArsenopyriteAtacamiteBaryteBlödite
BournoniteBrochantiteCalciteCarnalliteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteChloriteClayClinozoisiteCobaltite
CopiapiteCopperCorundumCovelliteCubaniteDiasporeDigeniteEpidoteEpsomiteFeldspar
FluoriteGanomaliteGarnetGypsumHalotrichiteHexahydriteKaoliniteKieseriteLangbeiniteMalachite
MarcasiteMelanteriteMicaNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPicromeritePyritePyroxeneQuartz
RocksaltRutileScheeliteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStarkeyiteSyngeniteTalcTamarugite
TetrahedriteVesuvianiteWollastoniteWurtziteZircon

116 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Altaite  (*)Alunite  (*)Anglesite  (*)
Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Atacamite  (*)
Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Bischofite  (*)Blödite  (*)Bonattite  (*)
Borax  (*)Bornite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Caracolite  (*)Carnallite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)
Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clausthalite  (*)Clinochlore  (*)
Cobaltite  (*)Coffinite  (*)Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)
Darapskite  (*)Digenite  (*)Diopside  (*)Dolomite  (*)Epidote  (*)
Epsomite  (*)Eugsterite  (*)Felsőbányaite  (*)Fibroferrite  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Galena  (*)Ganomalite  (*)Glauberite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)
Graphite  (*)Grossular  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hexahydrite  (*)Hidalgoite  (*)Humberstonite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Jarosite  (*)
Kainite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Langbeinite  (*)Laumontite  (*)Leonite  (*)
Löweite  (*)Maghemite  (*)Magnesiocopiapite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Marcasite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Microcline  (*)Mirabilite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Natroalunite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)Niter  (*)Nitratine  (*)
Nitrocalcite  (*)Opal  (*)Osarizawaite  (*)Pickeringite  (*)Picromerite  (*)
Polyhalite  (*)Pyrargyrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Rozenite  (*)Rutile  (*)Saponite  (*)Scheelite  (*)Siderite  (*)
Sideronatrite  (*)Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Svanbergite  (*)
Sylvite  (*)Syngenite  (*)Szomolnokite  (*)Talc  (*)Tamarugite  (*)
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Thénardite  (*)Todorokite  (*)Tremolite  (*)
Uraninite  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)Wollastonite  (*)Yavapaiite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2344428,44460,444653419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)244460,444658803
Altaite  (*)RocksaltPbTe345345144446489
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6298235344432,44440,44444966
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)298266244426,444322734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)2982661444321588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)22982661444323092
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)2952351444443250
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS345235644426,44432,44437,44444,44446,444579052
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3345266244432,44446544
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2345235244444,444465509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)298235444426,44432,44440,4444411547
Bischofite  (*)NoneMgCl2·6H2O14445142
Blödite  (*)BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O298266244432,44454130
Bonattite  (*)NoneCu(SO4)·3H2O34534514444621
Borax  (*)NoneNa2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O14445376
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4345266644426,44428,44432,44440,44446,444575516
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS31444261089
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)63453451444461633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)3452351544426,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44437,44442,44444,44446,44448,44460,44463,4446527770
Caracolite  (*)ApatiteNa2(Pb2Na)(SO4)3Cl29826614443220
Carnallite  (*)CarnalliteKMgCl3·6H2O144451132
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO21444655171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)244426,444404979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O345266344426,44432,44446925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S345235544432,44440,44444,44446,444575707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS23452352044426,44427,44428,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44436,44437,44440,44442,44444,44445,44446,44447,44448,44457,4446027198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O345345244446,444593531
Clausthalite  (*)RocksaltPbSe345345144446281
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)81444261756
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS345345144446966
Coffinite  (*)ZirconU(SiO4)·nH2O144463566
Copper  (*)CopperCu345345244443,444463846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS345235844426,44432,44440,44443,44444,44446,44457,444604165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3345345144446802
Darapskite  (*)NoneNa3(SO4)(NO3)·H2O344439,44453,4445431
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S345345244426,444461027
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O6344428,44460,444654135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)22982661344426,44428,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44440,44442,44445,44448,444639895
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)345235644428,44443,44444,44446,44460,444658173
Epsomite  (*)EpsomiteMg(SO4)·7H2O144451484
Eugsterite  (*)NoneNa4Ca(SO4)3·2H2O14445232
Felsőbányaite  (*)NoneAl4(SO4)(OH)10·4H2O29826614443266
Fibroferrite  (*)Not in a structural groupFe3+(SO4)(OH)·5H2O144440107
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF2345345244446,444659617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS3452661544426,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44436,44437,44440,44442,44446,44448,44457,4446324243
Ganomalite  (*)GanomalitePb9Ca6(Si2O7)4(SiO4)O1444406
Glauberite  (*)NoneNa2Ca(SO4)2144451137
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)298266544426,44432,44440,44457,444637437
Gold  (*)CopperAu3452351644427,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44436,44437,44441,44442,44444,44445,44446,44447,4444830554
Graphite  (*)NoneC345345244426,444462812
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)31444651544
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O3452661244430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44440,44442,44446,44448,44451,444546890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl298266444432,44439,44451,444541398
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O32982351344428,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44436,44437,44442,44444,44448,4446314640
Hexahydrite  (*)HexahydriteMg(SO4)·6H2O298266244432,44451251
Hidalgoite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)629826614443257
Humberstonite  (*)NoneK3Na7Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2·6H2O14445411
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O31444635433
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6345266644426,44432,44440,44446,44457,444602228
Kainite  (*)NoneKMg(SO4)Cl·2.75H2O14445150
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4345235544440,44444,44446,44460,444635591
Langbeinite  (*)LangbeiniteK2Mg2(SO4)314445143
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O2952351444441271
Leonite  (*)NoneK2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O14445124
Löweite  (*)NoneNa12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O14445128
Maghemite  (*)Spinel(Fe3+0.67   0.33)Fe3+2O4144428229
Magnesiocopiapite  (*)CopiapiteMgFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O29826614443254
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O43452661244428,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44442,44443,44446,44448,4446314899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2345235744432,44440,44443,44444,44446,44457,4446012537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2295235344426,44444,444635674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O345266344426,44432,44446915
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1444604924
Mirabilite  (*)NoneNa2(SO4)·10H2O244451,44454223
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O295235344444,44458,444631508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)23452352244426,44427,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44436,44437,44440,44442,44444,44445,44446,44447,44448,44457,44458,44460,44463,4446517380
Natroalunite  (*)AluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6298266144432128
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6298266144432254
Niter  (*)NoneK(NO3)298266344432,44454,44461181
Nitratine  (*)CalciteNa(NO3)298266344432,44439,4445391
Nitrocalcite  (*)NoneCa(NO3)2·4H2O29826614443246
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O2952351444442994
Osarizawaite  (*)AlunitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)629826614443264
Pickeringite  (*)HalotrichiteMgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O298266144432265
Picromerite  (*)PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O14445144
Polyhalite  (*)NoneK2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O144451102
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS31444261425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS23452352144426,44427,44428,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44436,44437,44440,44442,44444,44445,44446,44447,44448,44457,44460,4446339462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S83452661444426,44428,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44440,44442,44446,44447,44448,444579056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO23452352544425,44426,44427,44428,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44436,44437,44440,44441,44442,44443,44444,44445,44446,44448,44457,44458,44460,44463,4446561156
Rozenite  (*)StarkeyiteFe2+(SO4)·4H2O298266144432293
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO23453451444465614
Saponite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O144464301
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)1444654894
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)298266344426,44432,444636417
Sideronatrite  (*)NoneNa2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·3H2O29826614443273
Silver  (*)CopperAg2952351444445186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)244426,444402473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS3452661444426,44430,44431,44432,44433,44434,44435,44437,44440,44442,44446,44448,44457,4446321482
Svanbergite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6298266144432105
Sylvite  (*)RocksaltKCl298266244432,44454275
Syngenite  (*)SyngeniteK2Ca(SO4)2·H2O14445144
Szomolnokite  (*)KieseriteFe(SO4)·H2O345345144446139
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)21444263337
Tamarugite  (*)TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2·6H2O29826614443287
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S133453451444461803
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13345235644426,44437,44440,44444,44446,444575317
Thénardite  (*)NoneNa2(SO4)298266544432,44439,44451,44452,44454299
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O298266144432433
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2344426,44428,444652562
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO21444632718
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)101444651395
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO31444651247
Yavapaiite  (*)NoneKFe3+(SO4)22982661444328
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)3453451444465251
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)244426,444431025


5 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
JAES32_204-00003297.6277.3290.4±7.2 to 282.3±5Rb-Sr       144156Kanggu'er Au Deposit (Kanggur Au Deposit; Kangur Au Deposit; Kanggul Au Deposit; Kanggur Tag Au Deposit; Kanggu'ertage Au Deposit), Kanggur-Xifengshan Gold Belt, Shanshan Co. (Piqan Co.; Pichan Co.), Tulufan Prefecture (Turfan Prefecture; Turpan Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaKanggurZhang et al. (2008)10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.10.005JAES32_204 
JAES32_204-00004298266282±16Rb-Sr       144156Kanggu'er Au Deposit (Kanggur Au Deposit; Kangur Au Deposit; Kanggul Au Deposit; Kanggur Tag Au Deposit; Kanggu'ertage Au Deposit), Kanggur-Xifengshan Gold Belt, Shanshan Co. (Piqan Co.; Pichan Co.), Tulufan Prefecture (Turfan Prefecture; Turpan Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaKanggurZhang et al. (2008)10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.10.005JAES32_204 
JAES32_204-00005295269288±7 to 276±7Rb-Sr       144086Shiyingtan Mine (Xitan Mine), Shanshan Co. (Piqan Co.; Pichan Co.), Tulufan Prefecture (Turfan Prefecture; Turpan Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaShiyingtanZhang et al. (2008)10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.10.005JAES32_204 
Kristen002285253235244±9        144086Shiyingtan Mine (Xitan Mine), Shanshan Co. (Piqan Co.; Pichan Co.), Tulufan Prefecture (Turfan Prefecture; Turpan Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaShiyingtan Au DepositHan et al. (2014)10.1111/rge.12033RG64_136 
vms-00417345345Early Carboniferous       S144055Xiaorequanzi Mine, Shanshan Co. (Piqan Co.; Pichan Co.), Tulufan Prefecture (Turfan Prefecture; Turpan Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaXiaorequanziMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...

Other copyright data...