Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Kunming, Yunnan, China

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1500
Youngest recorded age at locality: 495

mindat Locality ID: 155479
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-155479.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kunming, Yunnan, China": 33
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 22

Number of Child Localities: 6
Child Localities:
Anning Co.
Chenggong Co.
Dongchuan District
Jinning Co.
Luquan Co.
Xundian Co.

Latitude: 25°14'50"N
Longitude: 102°41'52"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 25.247222222222,102.69777777778
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba C Ca Cl Cu F Fe H K Mg Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Te Ti Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAllophaneAmphiboleApatiteAragoniteArsenopyriteBaryteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyrite
ChloriteClayClinozoisiteCopperCorundumCovelliteDiasporeDigeniteEnargiteEpidote
FeldsparFluoriteGypsumKaoliniteLepidocrociteMalachiteMeloniteMicaMilleriteNone
Not in a structural groupPyriteQuartzRocksaltSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelTetrahedriteTyroliteWurtzite

54 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)
Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Böhmite  (*)Bornite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chamosite  (*)
Chlorapatite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Conichalcite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Diaspore  (*)Digenite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Enargite  (*)Epidote  (*)
Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Galena  (*)Glauberite  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gold  (*)Graphite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Ilmenite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Millerite  (*)Mirabilite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Quartz  (*)Siderite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Sylvanite  (*)
Tangdanite  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Tyrolite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2150015001450083419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)15001500745005,45008,45010,45011,45012,45014,450258803
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)1449971588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)21450053092
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS1450259052
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)215001500245007,450275509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)15001500745008,45010,45011,45013,45014,45023,4502711547
Böhmite  (*)LepidocrociteAlO(OH)144997195
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS415001500845007,45008,45009,45010,45011,45012,45013,450145516
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)1500495945008,45009,45010,45011,45013,45014,45021,45023,4502527770
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)1450274979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O15001500145006925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S15001500845008,45009,45010,45011,45012,45013,45014,450275707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2150015001145001,45005,45007,45008,45009,45010,45011,45012,45013,45014,4501527198
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8541495145021577
Chlorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3Cl15001500145006203
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O150015001450073531
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)15001500145007363
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS15001500445008,45010,45011,450144165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O150015001450062970
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)144997481
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S15001500345010,45011,450141027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)215004951145008,45009,45010,45011,45013,45014,45019,45020,45021,45025,450279895
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS415001500345010,45011,45014910
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)150015001450088173
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F5414951450212740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF2150015001450129617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS15001500345005,45011,4502724243
Glauberite  (*)NoneNa2Ca(SO4)2144998137
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)1450187437
Gold  (*)CopperAu345005,45015,4502530554
Graphite  (*)NoneC150015001450072812
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O1449976890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl1449981398
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O31500495845001,45008,45010,45011,45012,45014,45018,4502114640
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O3150015001450085433
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)41500495544997,45005,45006,45021,450255591
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)1449971487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O415001500445008,45012,45014,4502514899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)215001500345008,45025,4502712537
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS1450051066
Mirabilite  (*)NoneNa2(SO4)·10H2O144998223
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O1500495344997,45010,450211508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)215004951244997,45005,45007,45008,45009,45010,45012,45014,45015,45021,45023,4502517380
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS145005767
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS215004951245001,45005,45007,45008,45009,45010,45011,45014,45021,45023,45025,4502739462
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO215004951645005,45006,45007,45008,45009,45010,45011,45012,45013,45014,45015,45019,45021,45023,45025,4502761156
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)15001500445001,45005,45010,450186417
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS15001500445005,45011,45012,4502721482
Sylvanite  (*)MeloniteAgAuTe4145005337
Tangdanite  (*)TyroliteCa2Cu9(AsO4)4(SO4)0.5(OH)9·9H2O150015001450118
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO150015001450061101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S1315001500245007,450085317
Tyrolite  (*)TyroliteCa2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8·11H2O15001500245007,45011245


5 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
sedcu-0036015001500Mid Proterozoic       Cu155463Dongchuan Cu Ore Field, Dongchuan District, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaLaoBeiChungCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
sedcu-0035915001500Mid Proterozoic       Cu155467Luoxue Mine, Dongchuan Cu Ore Field, Dongchuan District, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaLaoXueCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
sedcu-0036215001500Mid Proterozoic       Cu8302Tangdan Mine, Dongchuan Cu Ore Field, Dongchuan District, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaTangDanCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
sedcu-0035815001500Mid Proterozoic       Cu211939Yinmin Mine, Dongchuan Cu Ore Field, Dongchuan District, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaYinMinCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
ree-00312541495Cambrian        41909Kunyang Mine, Jinning Co., Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaKunyangOrris and Grauch (2002) USGSOFR02_189 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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