Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allophane	Alunite	Amphibole	Apatite	Arsenic	Arsenopyrite	Baryte	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite
Clay	Clinozoisite	Copiapite	Copper	Coquimbite	Corundum	Covellite	Cubanite	Diaspore	Epidote
Feldspar	Garnet	Gypsum	Halotrichite	Hexahydrite	Kaolinite	Kieserite	Löllingite	Malachite	Marcasite
Melanterite	Mica	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Olivine	Pyrite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rocksalt
Rutile	Römerite	Serpentine	Sphalerite	Spinel	Stannite	Starkeyite	Staurolite	Talc	Tetrahedrite
Vivianite	Wurtzite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Te Ti Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al As Fe H Mg O S Si

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allophane Alunite Amphibole Apatite Arsenic Arsenopyrite Baryte Calcite Chalcopyrite Chlorite
Clay Clinozoisite Copiapite Copper Coquimbite Corundum Covellite Cubanite Diaspore Epidote
Feldspar Garnet Gypsum Halotrichite Hexahydrite Kaolinite Kieserite Löllingite Malachite Marcasite
Melanterite Mica Nickeline None Not in a structural group Olivine Pyrite Pyroxene Quartz Rocksalt
Rutile Römerite Serpentine Sphalerite Spinel Stannite Starkeyite Staurolite Talc Tetrahedrite
Vivianite Wurtzite

68 IMA Minerals at location:

Actinolite ()*	Albite ()*	Anthophyllite ()*	Antigorite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Augite ()*	Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bismuth ()*	Calcite ()*
Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chrysocolla ()*	Clinochlore ()*	Copiapite ()*
Copper ()*	Coquimbite ()*	Covellite ()*	Cubanite ()*	Cuprite ()*
Dolomite ()*	Enstatite ()*	Epidote ()*	Ferrohexahydrite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*
Forsterite ()*	Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Gold ()*	Graphite ()*
Gypsum ()*	Halotrichite ()*	Hematite ()*	Hessite ()*	Hisingerite ()*
Ilmenite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kalinite ()*	Kornelite ()*	Kyanite ()*
Laumontite ()*	Löllingite ()*	Mackinawite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*
Marcasite ()*	Melanterite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Pickeringite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rhodochrosite ()*	Römerite ()*	Rozenite ()*
Rutile ()*	Siderite ()*	Sillimanite ()*	Spessartine ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Stannite ()*	Staurolite ()*	Szomolnokite ()*	Talc ()*	Tenorite ()*
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tremolite ()*	Vivianite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	1000	541	13	280400,280411,280412,280419,280420,280421,280422,280425,280426,280439,280440,280448,280449	3419
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)			3	280411,280412,280413	8803
Anthophyllite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	1000	541	0		718
Antigorite ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄			1	280391	708
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	1000	541	0		9052
Augite ()*	Pyroxene	(Ca,Mg,Fe)₂Si₂O₆	1000	541	1	280398	2060
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂			1	280400	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	1000	541	1	280398	11547
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi	1000	541	1	280398	1966
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	1000	541	4	280400,280419,280421,280425	27770
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	1000	541	23	280400,280401,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280411,280412,280413,280415,280421,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280442,280443,280444,280445	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	1000	541	34	280378,280397,280400,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280411,280412,280413,280415,280416,280417,280419,280420,280421,280425,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280442,280443,280444,280445,280446,280448,280449,280450,280453	27198
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	1000	541	1	280398	3531
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	1000	541	2	280421,280425	1756
Copiapite ()*	Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂·20H₂O	1000	541	2	280420,280421	382
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu			8	280411,280413,280432,280434,280435,280448,280449,280450	3846
Coquimbite ()*	Coquimbite	AlFe₃(SO₄)₆(H₂O)₁₂·6H₂O	1000	541	1	280398	136
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	1000	541	18	280400,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280412,280413,280415,280421,280429,280430,280437,280438,280442,280443,280444,280445	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	1000	541	19	280400,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280412,280413,280421,280425,280429,280430,280432,280434,280437,280438,280442,280443,280445	802
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O			19	280400,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280411,280412,280413,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280442,280443,280445	2970
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂			5	280400,280411,280412,280413,280415	9895
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆	1000	541	0		944
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	1000	541	10	280397,280419,280420,280421,280422,280439,280440,280448,280449,280450	8173
Ferrohexahydrite ()*	Hexahydrite	Fe²⁺(SO₄)·6H₂O	1000	541	2	280420,280421	21
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	1000	541	2	280421,280427	2740
Forsterite ()*	Olivine	Mg₂(SiO₄)	1000	541	0		1188
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	1000	541	27	280400,280401,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280411,280412,280413,280415,280416,280417,280419,280421,280425,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280442,280443,280444,280445	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	1000	541	25	280400,280401,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280411,280412,280413,280415,280416,280417,280421,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280442,280443,280445,280453	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au			1	280451	30554
Graphite ()*	None	C	1000	541	4	280400,280419,280421,280425	2812
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O			2	280425,280426	6890
Halotrichite ()*	Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O	1000	541	1	280398	409
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	1000	541	5	280400,280401,280419,280420,280421	14640
Hessite ()*	None	Ag₂Te	1000	541	1	280421	804
Hisingerite ()*	Kaolinite Clay	Fe₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·2H₂O	1000	541	1	280398	144
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	1000	541	5	280400,280419,280421,280425,280488	5433
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	1000	541	1	280398	2228
Kalinite ()*	None	KAl(SO₄)₂·11H₂O			1	280367	54
Kornelite ()*	Not in a structural group	Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)₃·7H₂O (?)	1000	541	1	280398	21
Kyanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂OSiO₄			1	280488	1507
Laumontite ()*	Not in a structural group	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·4H₂O			1	280400	1271
Löllingite ()*	Löllingite	FeAs₂			1	280400	762
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)	1000	541	1	280398	451
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	1000	541	10	280357,280419,280420,280421,280422,280439,280440,280448,280449,280450	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂			14	280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280412,280413,280429,280430,280437,280438,280442,280443,280445	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	1000	541	0		5674
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O	1000	541	2	280398,280421	915
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	1000	541	28	280400,280401,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280411,280412,280413,280415,280416,280417,280419,280421,280425,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280442,280443,280444,280445,280453	17380
Pickeringite ()*	Halotrichite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O	1000	541	2	280398,280421	265
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	1000	541	35	280400,280401,280403,280404,280405,280407,280410,280412,280413,280415,280416,280417,280419,280420,280421,280422,280425,280426,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280439,280440,280442,280443,280444,280445,280448,280449,280450,280453	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	1000	541	29	280400,280401,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280410,280411,280412,280413,280415,280416,280417,280419,280420,280421,280425,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280442,280443,280444,280445	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	1000	541	45	280356,280360,280361,280366,280368,280371,280372,280376,280388,280397,280400,280401,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280411,280412,280413,280415,280416,280417,280419,280421,280422,280425,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280439,280440,280442,280443,280444,280445,280446,280448,280449,280450,280488	61156
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)	1000	541	1	280398	1711
Römerite ()*	Römerite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)₄·14H₂O	1000	541	1	280398	115
Rozenite ()*	Starkeyite	Fe²⁺(SO₄)·4H₂O	1000	541	2	280398,280421	293
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	1000	541	9	280365,280368,280371,280400,280419,280420,280421,280425,280488	5614
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)			2	280425,280426	6417
Sillimanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂SiO₅	1000	541	0		1516
Spessartine ()*	Garnet	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	1000	541	7	280400,280419,280420,280421,280422,280439,280440	1214
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	1000	541	27	280400,280401,280403,280404,280405,280407,280408,280411,280412,280413,280415,280416,280417,280419,280421,280425,280429,280430,280432,280434,280435,280437,280438,280442,280443,280444,280445	21482
Stannite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₂FeSnS₄			2	280398,280425	668
Staurolite ()*	Staurolite	Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)			2	280427,280488	978
Szomolnokite ()*	Kieserite	Fe(SO₄)·H₂O	1000	541	2	280420,280421	139
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	1000	541	4	280355,280357,280391,280398	3337
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO	1000	541	1	280398	1101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃			2	280400,280425	5317
Tremolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_5.0-4.5Fe²⁺_0.0-0.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	1000	541	4	280400,280419,280421,280425	2562
Vivianite ()*	Vivianite	Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O			2	280425,280426	636

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	vms-01075	1000	541	Late Proterozoic											11508	Iron Ridge Mine (Bumbarger Pit; Great Outburst Mine; Huey Pit; Monarat Mine), Fries, Gossan Lead District, Southern Section-Blue Ridge Province, Carroll Co., Virginia, USA	Gossan Howard-Huey-Bumbarger	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009-1034

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...