Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Swaziland

Oldest recorded age at locality: 3400
Youngest recorded age at locality: 2947

mindat Locality ID: 24757
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-24757.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Swaziland": 59
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 45

Number of Child Localities: 4
Child Localities:
Hhohho District
Lubombo District
Manzini District
Shiselweni District

Latitude: 26°26'1"S
Longitude: 31°22'24"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -26.433611111111,31.373333333333

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Aeschynite	Andalusite	Aragonite	Arsenopyrite	Baryte	Beryl	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite
Cobaltite	Columbite	Copper	Corundum	Diamond	Diaspore	Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Hydrotalcite
Malachite	Mica	Milarite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Pyrite	Pyrophyllite	Pyroxene	Quartz
Rocksalt	Rutile	Scheelite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Topaz	Tourmaline	Zircon

Aeschynite-(Y) ()*	Albite ()*	Andalusite ()*	Armenite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*	Beryl ()*	Bornite ()*	Calcite ()*
Cassiterite ()*	Celsian ()*	Cerussite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chromite ()*
Cinnabar ()*	Cobaltite ()*	Corundum ()*	Diamond ()*	Diaspore ()*
Dravite ()*	Elbaite ()*	Epidote ()*	Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Fluorite ()*
Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Gold ()*	Hematite ()*	Ilmenite ()*
Magnesite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Mercury ()*	Microcline ()*
Muscovite ()*	Phlogopite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*
Quartz ()*	Scheelite ()*	Schorl ()*	Siderite ()*	Smithsonite ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Spodumene ()*	Stichtite ()*	Thorite ()*	Topaz ()*
Witherite ()*	Zircon ()*

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Au B Ba Be C Ca Ce Co Cr Cu F Fe H Hg K Li Mg Na Nb O Pb S Si Sn Ta Th Ti U W Y Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Aeschynite Andalusite Aragonite Arsenopyrite Baryte Beryl Calcite Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite
Cobaltite Columbite Copper Corundum Diamond Diaspore Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Hydrotalcite
Malachite Mica Milarite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Pyrite Pyrophyllite Pyroxene Quartz
Rocksalt Rutile Scheelite Sphalerite Spinel Topaz Tourmaline Zircon

52 IMA Minerals at location:

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Aeschynite-(Y) ()*	Aeschynite	(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)₂(O,OH)₆			1	111146	141
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	3000	3000	4	111149,111155,111159,111162	8803
Andalusite ()*	Andalusite	Al₂SiO₅			1	111172	1310
Armenite ()*	Milarite	BaCa₂(Al₆Si₉)O₃₀·2H₂O			1	111119	23
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	3400	3400	3	111126,111151,111153	9052
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂			1	111150	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	3400	3400	3	111119,111146,111151	11547
Beryl ()*	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	3000	3000	3	111146,111159,111169	4286
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄			3	111120,111126,111170	5516
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)			1	111171	27770
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	3000	3000	11	111120,111121,111126,111146,111147,111148,111149,111155,111159,111162,111169	5171
Celsian ()*	Feldspar	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)			1	111119	100
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)			1	111170	4979
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	3400	3400	6	111119,111120,111126,111146,111150,111151	27198
Chromite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄			1	111158	3902
Cinnabar ()*	None	HgS			1	111117	2600
Cobaltite ()*	Cobaltite	CoAsS	3400	3400	1	111151	966
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃			2	111146,111169	1797
Diamond ()*	Diamond	C			2	111146,111158	697
Diaspore ()*	Diaspore	AlO(OH)			1	111172	481
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	3077	2947	1	111159	648
Elbaite ()*	Tourmaline	Na(Al_1.5Li_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	3077	2947	3	111159,111163,111164	520
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			3	111119,111120,111150	8173
Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(NbTi)O₆			1	111146	414
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂			1	111146	9617
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS			2	111119,111170	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	3400	3400	4	111121,111137,111138,111152	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	3400	3400	24	111121,111122,111123,111124,111125,111127,111128,111129,111130,111131,111133,111134,111135,111136,111139,111140,111141,111142,111143,111145,111151,111152,111153,111154	30554
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	3400	3400	6	111118,111121,111137,111138,111152,111168	14640
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	3077	2947	2	111146,111159	5433
Magnesite ()*	Calcite	Mg(CO₃)			1	111137	1487
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	3077	2947	6	111121,111137,111138,111146,111155,111159	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂			2	111120,111170	12537
Mercury ()*	None	Hg			1	111117	397
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	3077	2947	1	111159	4924
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	3077	2947	4	111146,111149,111155,111159	17380
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂			1	111158	2273
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂			2	111119,111146	39462
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂			1	111172	771
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	3400	3400	1	111151	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	3400	3000	7	111149,111152,111155,111159,111162,111170,111172	61156
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)			1	111146	4894
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	3077	2947	1	111159	2705
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)			3	111121,111137,111138	6417
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)			1	111150	2473
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS			2	111119,111150	21482
Spodumene ()*	Pyroxene	LiAlSi₂O₆	3077	2947	1	111159	688
Stichtite ()*	Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Cr₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆·4H₂O			1	111126	43
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)	3000	3000	1	111162	1006
Topaz ()*	Topaz	Al₂SiO₄F₂	3077	2947	1	111159	1476
Witherite ()*	Aragonite	Ba(CO₃)			1	111119	251
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	3000	3000	2	111159,111162	5251

5 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID
DeepDive-Co-0028	3400	3400	3400	U-Pb						206574	Pigg's Peak, Hhohho District, Swaziland	Pigg's peak	Foster and Piper (1993)	10.1016/0169-1368(93)90021-P	OGR8_303
Be-00061	3000	3000	3000		high			Beryl	Be	206575	Sinceni Mtn, Lubombo District, Swaziland	Sinceni pluton area, central Swaziland	Trumbull (1993)	10.1016/0301-9268(93)90059-B	PR61_89
Kristen002480	3077	3071	3074±3			zircon	Zircon			206575	Sinceni Mtn, Lubombo District, Swaziland	Sinceni	Tkachev (2011)	10, 1144/SP350,2	GSLSP350_7
Kristen002481	3033	2947	2990±43	Rb/Sr		whole rock				206575	Sinceni Mtn, Lubombo District, Swaziland	Sinceni	Tkachev (2011)	10, 1144/SP350,2	GSLSP350_7
Grew_Li_2019_0088	3000	3000	3000					Polylithionite		209024	Zishineni, Sinceni West Area, Sinceni Mtn, Lubombo District, Swaziland	Zishineni pegmatite, Sinceni pluton, Swaziland	Grew et al. (2018)	10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2686	EJM30_205

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R060022	Swaziland	https://rruff.info/R060022
R080046	Swaziland	https://rruff.info/R080046

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...