Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Witwatersrand Gold Fields, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 3074
Youngest recorded age at locality: 2714

mindat Locality ID: 3097
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-3097.html

Tectonic Settings: Continental Margin

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Witwatersrand Gold Fields, South Africa": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 0°0'0"N
Longitude: 0°0'0"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 0,0

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allargentum	Arsenopyrite	Auricupride	Baryte	Brannerite	Brookite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Chloritoid	Clay
Clinozoisite	Cobaltite	Columbite	Copper	Corrensite	Corundum	Covellite	Cubanite	Diamond	Digenite
Epidote	Fluorite	Kaolinite	Löllingite	Marcasite	Melonite	Mica	Millerite	Modderite	Molybdenite
Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Pentlandite	Perovskite	Pyrite	Pyrophyllite	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile
Skutterudite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Stibnite	Tetrahedrite	Titanite	Ullmannite	Wurtzite	Zircon	hauchecornite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Ce Co Cr Cu Fe H Ir K Mg Mo Na Nb Ni O Os P Pb Pd Pt Rh Ru S Sb Si Sn Ta Te Th Ti U Y Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Co Cr Cu Fe H Ir K Mg Mo Na Nb Ni O Os P Pb Pd Pt Rh Ru S Sb Si Sn Te Th Ti U Y Zn Zr

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allargentum Arsenopyrite Auricupride Baryte Brannerite Brookite Calcite Chalcopyrite Chloritoid Clay
Clinozoisite Cobaltite Columbite Copper Corrensite Corundum Covellite Cubanite Diamond Digenite
Epidote Fluorite Kaolinite Löllingite Marcasite Melonite Mica Millerite Modderite Molybdenite
Nickeline None Not in a structural group Pentlandite Perovskite Pyrite Pyrophyllite Quartz Rocksalt Rutile
Skutterudite Sphalerite Spinel Stibnite Tetrahedrite Titanite Ullmannite Wurtzite Zircon hauchecornite

85 IMA Minerals at location:

Anatase ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bornite ()*	Braggite ()*
Brannerite ()*	Brookite ()*	Calaverite ()*	Calcite ()*	Cassiterite ()*
Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chloritoid ()*	Chromite ()*	Cobaltite ()*
Coffinite ()*	Cooperite ()*	Corundum ()*	Covellite ()*	Cubanite ()*
Diamond ()*	Digenite ()*	Dolomite ()*	Dyscrasite ()*	Epidote ()*
Erlichmanite ()*	Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Galena ()*	Geversite ()*	Glaucodot ()*
Gold ()*	Graphite ()*	Hematite ()*	Hercynite ()*	Hollingworthite ()*
Ilmenite ()*	Irarsite ()*	Iridarsenite ()*	Iridium ()*	Isoferroplatinum ()*
Kaolinite ()*	Kyanite ()*	Laurite ()*	Linnaeite ()*	Löllingite ()*
Mackinawite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Michenerite ()*	Millerite ()*
Molybdenite ()*	Moncheite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Nickeline ()*	Osarsite ()*
Osmium ()*	Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Pentlandite ()*	Proustite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rectorite ()*	Ruthenarsenite ()*
Rutile ()*	Safflorite ()*	Silver ()*	Skutterudite ()*	Sperrylite ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Stibiopalladinite ()*	Stibnite ()*	Stromeyerite ()*	Sudburyite ()*
Tellurium ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Thorite ()*	Titanite ()*
Troilite ()*	Tučekite ()*	Uraninite ()*	Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of localities containing mineral
Anatase ()*	Not in a structural group	TiO₂	3074	2714	2162
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	3074	2714	9052
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	3074	2714	11547
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	3074	2714	5516
Braggite ()*	None	PdPt₃S₄	3074	2714	101
Brannerite ()*	Brannerite	UTi₂O₆	3074	2714	248
Brookite ()*	Brookite	TiO₂	3074	2714	700
Calaverite ()*	Melonite	AuTe₂	3074	2714	361
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	3074	2714	27770
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	3074	2714	5171
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	3074	2714	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	3074	2714	27198
Chloritoid ()*	Chloritoid	Fe²⁺Al₂O(SiO₄)(OH)₂	3074	2714	376
Chromite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄	3074	2714	3902
Cobaltite ()*	Cobaltite	CoAsS	3074	2714	966
Coffinite ()*	Zircon	U(SiO₄)·nH₂O	3074	2714	566
Cooperite ()*	None	PtS	3074	2714	124
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃	3074	2714	1797
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	3074	2714	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	3074	2714	802
Diamond ()*	Diamond	C	3074	2714	697
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	3074	2714	1027
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	3074	2714	9895
Dyscrasite ()*	Allargentum	Ag_3+xSb_1-x (x ≈ 0.2)	3074	2714	180
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	3074	2714	8173
Erlichmanite ()*	Pyrite	OsS₂	3074	2714	110
Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(NbTi)O₆	3074	2714	414
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	3074	2714	24243
Geversite ()*	Pyrite	PtSb₂	3074	2714	38
Glaucodot ()*	Arsenopyrite	(Co_0.5Fe_0.5)AsS	3074	2714	131
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	3074	2714	30554
Graphite ()*	None	C	3074	2714	2812
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	3074	2714	14640
Hercynite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄	3074	2714	407
Hollingworthite ()*	Ullmannite	RhAsS	3074	2714	119
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	3074	2714	5433
Irarsite ()*	Pyrite	IrAsS	3074	2714	154
Iridarsenite ()*	None	IrAs₂	3074	2714	13
Iridium ()*	Copper	Ir	3074	2714	162
Isoferroplatinum ()*	Auricupride Perovskite	Pt₃Fe	3074	2714	128
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	3074	2714	5591
Kyanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂OSiO₄	3074	2714	1507
Laurite ()*	Pyrite	RuS₂	3074	2714	226
Linnaeite ()*	Spinel	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄	3074	2714	249
Löllingite ()*	Löllingite	FeAs₂	3074	2714	762
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)	3074	2714	451
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	3074	2714	14899
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	3074	2714	5674
Michenerite ()*	Ullmannite	PdBiTe	3074	2714	114
Millerite ()*	Millerite	NiS	3074	2714	1066
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	3074	2714	5800
Moncheite ()*	Melonite	Pt(Te,Bi)₂	3074	2714	133
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	3074	2714	17380
Nickeline ()*	Nickeline	NiAs	3074	2714	633
Osarsite ()*	Arsenopyrite	OsAsS	3074	2714	16
Osmium ()*	None	Os	3074	2714	169
Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Pyrite	NiAsS	3074	2714	767
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈	3074	2714	1512
Proustite ()*	None	Ag₃AsS₃	3074	2714	733
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	3074	2714	39462
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	3074	2714	771
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	3074	2714	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	3074	2714	61156
Rectorite ()*	Corrensite Clay	(Na,Ca)Al₄(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄·2H₂O	3074	2714	49
Ruthenarsenite ()*	Modderite	(Ru,Ni)As	3074	2714	9
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	3074	2714	5614
Safflorite ()*	Löllingite	CoAs₂	3074	2714	317
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag	3074	2714	5186
Skutterudite ()*	Skutterudite Perovskite	CoAs₃	3074	2714	531
Sperrylite ()*	Pyrite	PtAs₂	3074	2714	337
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	3074	2714	21482
Stibiopalladinite ()*	None	Pd₅Sb₂	3074	2714	75
Stibnite ()*	Stibnite	Sb₂S₃	3074	2714	3418
Stromeyerite ()*	None	CuAgS	3074	2714	332
Sudburyite ()*	Nickeline	PdSb	3074	2714	46
Tellurium ()*	None	Te	3074	2714	190
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	3074	2714	1803
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	3074	2714	5317
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)	3074	2714	1006
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	3074	2714	4899
Troilite ()*	None	FeS	3074	2714	1044
Tučekite ()*	hauchecornite	Ni₉Sb₂S₈	3074	2714	17
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂	3074	2714	2718
Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zircon	Y(PO₄)	3074	2714	939
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	3074	2714	5251

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	Kristen002296	3074	2714	3074-2714		formation age					Yes			Co, Au, Ni	29348	Witwatersrand Goldfield, Gauteng, South Africa	Witwatersrand	Robb and Meyer (1995)	10.1016/0169-1368(95)00011-9	OGR10_67	association with Co, Au, and Ni from SAJG93_73

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...