R050340 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Fluorapatite R050340

Name: Fluorapatite
RRUFF ID: R050340
Ideal Chemistry: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Locality: Buckingham, Quebec, Canada
Source: California Institute of Technology W-22416
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Blue fragment
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ Apatite (56) ]

Quick search: [ All Fluorapatite samples (15) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R050340.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	Ca_5.00((P_0.98Si_0.02)O₄)₃F_1.00

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented and mounted on a pin

Pin ID:

L00565

Orientation:

Laser parallel to -a* (-1 0 0). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to -c [0 0 -1].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R050340

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R050340.1

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R050340.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 9.3816(2)Å b: 9.3816(2)Å c: 6.8908(3)Å
alpha: 90.° beta: 90.° gamma: 120.° Volume: 525.24(2)Å³ Crystal System: hexagonal

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Fluorapatite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Davila M (1767) Ordre Second. Pierres Gypseuses, 2, in Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l’art qui composent le cabinet de M. Davila Chez Briasson Paris 100-107 [view file]
de l'Isle R (1772) Pierreux Cristaux. Espece V. La Chrysolite, in Essai de Cristallographie Didot, Knapen and Delaguette Paris 230-232 [view file]
Sage B G (1777) Améthiste Basaltine, Eléméns de Minéralogie Docimastique, 1, 231-232 [view file]
de l'Isle R (1783) Gemmes. Espèce VII. Chrysolite ordinaire ou proprement dire, 2, in Cristallographie, ou Description des formes propres a tous les corps Du Regne Minéral De L'Imprimerie de Monsieur Paris 271-281 [view file]
Gerhards C A (1786) Erster Ahnung. Von einigen noch nicht genau bestimmten und ganz neu entdecken Mineralien, in Grundriss des Mineralsystems Christian Friedrich Himburg Berlin 281-287 [view file]
Hoffmann C A S (1789) Mineralsystem des Herrn Inspektor Werners mit dessen Erlaubnis herausgegeben von C A S Hoffmann, Bergmannisches Journal, 1, 369-398 [view file]
Haüy R J (1801) Chaux phosphatée, 1, in Traité de Minéralogie. Chez Louis Paris xliii-xlv [view file]
Rose G (1827) Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Apatite, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 85, 185-214 [view file]
Henry T H (1850) XVII. On francolite, a supposed new mineral, Philosophical Magazine Series 3, 241, 134-135 [view file]
Dana J D (1854) V. Phosphates, Arsenates, Antimonates, Nitrates. 1. Anhydrous. 1. Apatite Group, 1, in A System of Mineralogy Forth Edition George P. Putnam and Co. New York and London 396-399 [view file]
Rammelsberg C F (1860) Apatit, in Handbuch der Mineralchemie Wilhelm Engelmann Leipzig 351-355 [view file]
Dana J D, Brush G J (1869) Apatite, in A System of Mineralogy, Fifth Edition John Wiley and Son New York 530-535 [view file]
Larsen E S, Fletcher M H, Cisney E A (1952) Strontian Apatite, American Mineralogist, 37, 656-658 [view file]
Schneer C J (1957) Notes and news: a modified Hull-Davey chart for high values of c/a, American Mineralogist, 42, 282-285 [view file]
Young E J, Sheridan D M, Munson E L (1966) Manganese and strontium - bearing fluorapatite from the Peerless pegmatite, South Dakota, American Mineralogist, 51, 1516-1524
Kratochvil P, Sprusil B, Heyrovsky M (1968) Growth of gold single crystals in gels, Journal of Crystal Growth, 3, 360—362
Ohlmann R C, Steinbruegge K B, Mazelsky R (1968) Spectroscopic and laser characteristics of Neodymium-doped Calcium Fluorophosphate, Applied Optics, 7, 905-914 [view file]
Sudarsanan K, Mackie P E, Young R A (1972) Comparison of synthetic and mineral fluorapatite, Ca₅(PO₄)₃F, in crystallographic detail, Materials Research Bulletin, 7, 1331-1337 [view file]
Lee D E, Brandt E L M, Loenen R E V, Rose Jr. H J (1973) The chemistry of five accessory rock-forming apatites, Journal of Research of the United States Geological Survey, 1, 267-272 [view file]
Dunn P J (1978) Dehrnite and lewistonite: discredited, Mineralogical Magazine, 42, 282-284 [view file]
Huntington H D (1979) Kiglapait Mineralogy I: Apatite, Biotite, and Volatiles, Journal of Petrology, 20, 625–652
Rao A T, Raman C V, Prakasa Rao C S (1979) Fluor-apatites from calc-silicate skarn vein contacts, Gondivalsa, Orissa, India, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 439 [view file]
International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]
Knutson C, Peacor D R, Kelly W C (1985) Luminescence, color and fission track zoning in apatite crystals of the Panasqueira tin-tungsten deposit, Beira-Baixa, Portugal, American Mineralogist, 70, 829-837 [view file]
Shiga Y, Urashima Y (1987) A sodian sulfatian fluorapatite from an epithermal calcite-quartz vein of the Kushikino mine, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 673-681 [view file]
Hughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1989) Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites, American Mineralogist, 74, 870-876 [view file]
Hughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1990) Crystal structures of natural ternary apatites: Solid solution in the Ca₅(PO₄)₃X (X=F, OH, Cl) system, American Mineralogist, 75, 295-304 [view file]
Nasdala L (1992) A Raman study on the so-called “pseudoapatite” from Halsbrücke near Freiberg/Saxony, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 164, 211-227
Hughes J M, Fransolet A M, Schreyer W (1993) The atomic arrangement of iron-bearing apatite, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1993, 504-510
Fleet M E, Pan Y (1994) Site preference of Nd in Fluorapatite [Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆F₂], Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 112, 78-81
Payne S A, Smith L K, DeLoach L D, Kway W L, Tassano J B, Krupke W F (1994) Laser, optical and thermomechanical properties of Yb-doped fluorapatite, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 30, 170-179
Perseil E A, Blanc P, Ohnenstetter D (2000) As-bearing fluorapatite in manganiferous deposits from St. Marcel — Praborna, Val d´Aosta, Italy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, 101-117 [view file]
Takagi S, Mathew M (2001) Structures of biological minerals in dental research, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 106, 1035-1044 [view file]
Pan Y, Fleet M E, Chen N, Weil J A, Nilges M J (2002) Site preference of Gd in synthetic fluorapatite by single-crystal W-band EPR and X-ray refinement of the structure: a comparative study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 1103-1112 [view file]
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Nikcevic I, Jokanovic V, Mitric M, Nedic Z, Makovec D, Uskokovic D (2004) Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured fluorapatite/fluorhydroxyapatite and carbonated fluorapatite/fluorhydroxyapatite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 177, 2565-2574
Burke E A J (2008) Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks, The Mineralogical Record, 39, 131-135 [view file]
Fleet M E, Liu X (2008) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in fluorapatite synthesized at high pressure, American Mineralogist, 93, 1460-1469 [view file]
Glass B P, Fries M (2008) Micro-Raman spectroscopic study of fine-grained, shock-metamorphosed rock fragments from the Australasian microtektite layer, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 43, 1487-1496 [view file]
McCubbin F M, Mason H E, Park H, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Nekvasil H, Lindsley D H (2008) Synthesis and characterization of low-OH^- fluor-chlorapatite: a single-crystal XRD and NMR spectroscopic study, American Mineralogist, 93, 210-216 [view file]
Pasero M, Kampf A R, Ferraris C, Pekov I V, Rakovan J R, White T J (2010) Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 22, 163-179 [view file]
Baikie T, Schreyer M K, Wong C L, Pramana S S, Klooster W T, Ferraris C, McIntyre G J, White T J (2012) A multi-domain gem-grade Brazilian apatite, American Mineralogist, 97, 1574-1581 [view file]
Gianfagna A, Mazziotti-Tagliani S, Croce A, Allegrina M, Rinaudo C (2014) As-rich apatite from Mt. Calvario: characterization by micro-Raman spectroscopy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 799-808
Hovis G L, McCubbin F M, Nekvasil H, Ustunisik G, Woerner W R, Lindsley D H (2014) A novel technique for fluorapatite synthesis and the thermodynamic mixing behavior of F-OH apatite crystalline solutions, American Mineralogist, 99, 890-897
Hovis G L, Scott B T, Altomare C M, Leaman A R, Morris M D, Tomaino G P, McCubbin F M (2014) Thermal expansion of fluorapatite-hydroxylapatite crystalline solutions, American Mineralogist, 99, 2171-2175
Hughes J M, Heffernan K M, Goldoff B, Nekvasil H (2014) Cl-rich fluorapatite, devoid of OH, from the Three Peaks Area, Utah: the first reported structure of natural Cl-rich fluorapatite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 643-651
Hughes J M, Nekvasil H, Ustunisik G, Lindsley D H, Coraor A E, Vaughn J, Phillips B L, McCubbin F M, Woerner W R (2014) Solid solution in the fluorapatite-chlorapatite binary system: High-precision crystal structure refinements of synthetic F-Cl apatite, American Mineralogist, 99, 369-376 [view file]
Wilt Z, Fuller C, Bachman T, Weidner V, Pasteris J D, Yoder C H (2014) Synthesis and structure of carbonated barium and lead fluorapatites: Effect of cation size on A-type carbonate substitution, American Mineralogist, 99, 2176-2186
Hughes J M (2015) The many facets of apatite, American Mineralogist, 100, 1033-1039
Roycroft P D, Cuypers M (2015) The etymology of the mineral name 'apatite': A clarification, Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, 33, 71-75 [view file]
Giebel R J, Gauert C D K, Marks M A W, Costin G, Markl G (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa, American Mineralogist, 102, 1218-1233
Kelly S R, Rakovan J, Hughes J M (2017) Column anion arrangements in chemically zoned ternary chlorapatite and fluorapatite from Kurokura, Japan, American Mineralogist, 102, 720-727
Lupulescu M V, Hughes J M, Chiarenzelli J R, Bailey D G (2017) Texture, crystal structure, and composition of fluorapatites from iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits, Eastern Adirondack Mountains, New York, The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 399-417
Rossi M, Rizzi R, Vergara A, Capitelli F, Altomare A, Bellatreccia F, Saviano M, Ghiara R M (2017) Compositional variation of turquoise-group minerals from the historical collection of the Real Museo Mineralogico of the University of Naples, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 1405-1429
Hughes J M, Harlov D, Rakovan J F (2018) Structural variations along the apatite F-OH join, American Mineralogist, 103, 1981-1987
Xue W, Zhai K, Lin C C, Zhai S (2018) Effect of temperature on the Raman spectra of Ca₅(PO₄)₃F fluorapatite, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 951-956
Borst A M, Finch A A, Friis H, Horsburgh N J, Gamaletsos P N, Goettlicher J, Steininger R, Geraki K (2020) Structural state of rare earth elements in eudialyte-group minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, 84, 19-34
Fau A, Beyssac O, Gauthier M, Panczer G, Gasnault O, Meslin P Y, Bernard S, Maurice S, Forni O, Boulliard J C, Bosc F, Drouet C (2022) Time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopy of synthetic REE-doped hydroxylapatites and natural apatites, American Mineralogist, 107, 1341-1352
Rucks M J, Finkelstein G J, Zhang D, Dera P K, Duffy T S (2023) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of fluorapatite to 61 GPa, American Mineralogist, 108, 731-737

REFERENCES for Fluorapatite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Davila M (1767) Ordre Second. Pierres Gypseuses, 2, in Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l’art qui composent le cabinet de M. Davila Chez Briasson Paris 100-107 [view file]

de l'Isle R (1772) Pierreux Cristaux. Espece V. La Chrysolite, in Essai de Cristallographie Didot, Knapen and Delaguette Paris 230-232 [view file]

Sage B G (1777) Améthiste Basaltine, Eléméns de Minéralogie Docimastique, 1, 231-232 [view file]

de l'Isle R (1783) Gemmes. Espèce VII. Chrysolite ordinaire ou proprement dire, 2, in Cristallographie, ou Description des formes propres a tous les corps Du Regne Minéral De L'Imprimerie de Monsieur Paris 271-281 [view file]

Gerhards C A (1786) Erster Ahnung. Von einigen noch nicht genau bestimmten und ganz neu entdecken Mineralien, in Grundriss des Mineralsystems Christian Friedrich Himburg Berlin 281-287 [view file]

Hoffmann C A S (1789) Mineralsystem des Herrn Inspektor Werners mit dessen Erlaubnis herausgegeben von C A S Hoffmann, Bergmannisches Journal, 1, 369-398 [view file]

Haüy R J (1801) Chaux phosphatée, 1, in Traité de Minéralogie. Chez Louis Paris xliii-xlv [view file]

Rose G (1827) Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Apatite, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 85, 185-214 [view file]

Henry T H (1850) XVII. On francolite, a supposed new mineral, Philosophical Magazine Series 3, 241, 134-135 [view file]

Dana J D (1854) V. Phosphates, Arsenates, Antimonates, Nitrates. 1. Anhydrous. 1. Apatite Group, 1, in A System of Mineralogy Forth Edition George P. Putnam and Co. New York and London 396-399 [view file]

Rammelsberg C F (1860) Apatit, in Handbuch der Mineralchemie Wilhelm Engelmann Leipzig 351-355 [view file]

Dana J D, Brush G J (1869) Apatite, in A System of Mineralogy, Fifth Edition John Wiley and Son New York 530-535 [view file]

Larsen E S, Fletcher M H, Cisney E A (1952) Strontian Apatite, American Mineralogist, 37, 656-658 [view file]

Schneer C J (1957) Notes and news: a modified Hull-Davey chart for high values of c/a, American Mineralogist, 42, 282-285 [view file]

Young E J, Sheridan D M, Munson E L (1966) Manganese and strontium - bearing fluorapatite from the Peerless pegmatite, South Dakota, American Mineralogist, 51, 1516-1524

Kratochvil P, Sprusil B, Heyrovsky M (1968) Growth of gold single crystals in gels, Journal of Crystal Growth, 3, 360—362

Ohlmann R C, Steinbruegge K B, Mazelsky R (1968) Spectroscopic and laser characteristics of Neodymium-doped Calcium Fluorophosphate, Applied Optics, 7, 905-914 [view file]

Sudarsanan K, Mackie P E, Young R A (1972) Comparison of synthetic and mineral fluorapatite, Ca₅(PO₄)₃F, in crystallographic detail, Materials Research Bulletin, 7, 1331-1337 [view file]

Lee D E, Brandt E L M, Loenen R E V, Rose Jr. H J (1973) The chemistry of five accessory rock-forming apatites, Journal of Research of the United States Geological Survey, 1, 267-272 [view file]

Dunn P J (1978) Dehrnite and lewistonite: discredited, Mineralogical Magazine, 42, 282-284 [view file]

Huntington H D (1979) Kiglapait Mineralogy I: Apatite, Biotite, and Volatiles, Journal of Petrology, 20, 625–652

Rao A T, Raman C V, Prakasa Rao C S (1979) Fluor-apatites from calc-silicate skarn vein contacts, Gondivalsa, Orissa, India, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 439 [view file]

International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]

Knutson C, Peacor D R, Kelly W C (1985) Luminescence, color and fission track zoning in apatite crystals of the Panasqueira tin-tungsten deposit, Beira-Baixa, Portugal, American Mineralogist, 70, 829-837 [view file]

Shiga Y, Urashima Y (1987) A sodian sulfatian fluorapatite from an epithermal calcite-quartz vein of the Kushikino mine, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 673-681 [view file]

Hughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1989) Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites, American Mineralogist, 74, 870-876 [view file]

Hughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1990) Crystal structures of natural ternary apatites: Solid solution in the Ca₅(PO₄)₃X (X=F, OH, Cl) system, American Mineralogist, 75, 295-304 [view file]

Nasdala L (1992) A Raman study on the so-called “pseudoapatite” from Halsbrücke near Freiberg/Saxony, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 164, 211-227

Hughes J M, Fransolet A M, Schreyer W (1993) The atomic arrangement of iron-bearing apatite, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1993, 504-510

Fleet M E, Pan Y (1994) Site preference of Nd in Fluorapatite [Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆F₂], Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 112, 78-81

Payne S A, Smith L K, DeLoach L D, Kway W L, Tassano J B, Krupke W F (1994) Laser, optical and thermomechanical properties of Yb-doped fluorapatite, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 30, 170-179

Perseil E A, Blanc P, Ohnenstetter D (2000) As-bearing fluorapatite in manganiferous deposits from St. Marcel — Praborna, Val d´Aosta, Italy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, 101-117 [view file]

Takagi S, Mathew M (2001) Structures of biological minerals in dental research, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 106, 1035-1044 [view file]

Pan Y, Fleet M E, Chen N, Weil J A, Nilges M J (2002) Site preference of Gd in synthetic fluorapatite by single-crystal W-band EPR and X-ray refinement of the structure: a comparative study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 1103-1112 [view file]

Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]

Nikcevic I, Jokanovic V, Mitric M, Nedic Z, Makovec D, Uskokovic D (2004) Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured fluorapatite/fluorhydroxyapatite and carbonated fluorapatite/fluorhydroxyapatite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 177, 2565-2574

Burke E A J (2008) Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks, The Mineralogical Record, 39, 131-135 [view file]

Fleet M E, Liu X (2008) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in fluorapatite synthesized at high pressure, American Mineralogist, 93, 1460-1469 [view file]

Glass B P, Fries M (2008) Micro-Raman spectroscopic study of fine-grained, shock-metamorphosed rock fragments from the Australasian microtektite layer, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 43, 1487-1496 [view file]

McCubbin F M, Mason H E, Park H, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Nekvasil H, Lindsley D H (2008) Synthesis and characterization of low-OH^- fluor-chlorapatite: a single-crystal XRD and NMR spectroscopic study, American Mineralogist, 93, 210-216 [view file]

Pasero M, Kampf A R, Ferraris C, Pekov I V, Rakovan J R, White T J (2010) Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 22, 163-179 [view file]

Baikie T, Schreyer M K, Wong C L, Pramana S S, Klooster W T, Ferraris C, McIntyre G J, White T J (2012) A multi-domain gem-grade Brazilian apatite, American Mineralogist, 97, 1574-1581 [view file]

Gianfagna A, Mazziotti-Tagliani S, Croce A, Allegrina M, Rinaudo C (2014) As-rich apatite from Mt. Calvario: characterization by micro-Raman spectroscopy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 799-808

Hovis G L, McCubbin F M, Nekvasil H, Ustunisik G, Woerner W R, Lindsley D H (2014) A novel technique for fluorapatite synthesis and the thermodynamic mixing behavior of F-OH apatite crystalline solutions, American Mineralogist, 99, 890-897

Hovis G L, Scott B T, Altomare C M, Leaman A R, Morris M D, Tomaino G P, McCubbin F M (2014) Thermal expansion of fluorapatite-hydroxylapatite crystalline solutions, American Mineralogist, 99, 2171-2175

Hughes J M, Heffernan K M, Goldoff B, Nekvasil H (2014) Cl-rich fluorapatite, devoid of OH, from the Three Peaks Area, Utah: the first reported structure of natural Cl-rich fluorapatite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 643-651

Hughes J M, Nekvasil H, Ustunisik G, Lindsley D H, Coraor A E, Vaughn J, Phillips B L, McCubbin F M, Woerner W R (2014) Solid solution in the fluorapatite-chlorapatite binary system: High-precision crystal structure refinements of synthetic F-Cl apatite, American Mineralogist, 99, 369-376 [view file]

Wilt Z, Fuller C, Bachman T, Weidner V, Pasteris J D, Yoder C H (2014) Synthesis and structure of carbonated barium and lead fluorapatites: Effect of cation size on A-type carbonate substitution, American Mineralogist, 99, 2176-2186

Hughes J M (2015) The many facets of apatite, American Mineralogist, 100, 1033-1039

Roycroft P D, Cuypers M (2015) The etymology of the mineral name 'apatite': A clarification, Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, 33, 71-75 [view file]

Giebel R J, Gauert C D K, Marks M A W, Costin G, Markl G (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa, American Mineralogist, 102, 1218-1233

Kelly S R, Rakovan J, Hughes J M (2017) Column anion arrangements in chemically zoned ternary chlorapatite and fluorapatite from Kurokura, Japan, American Mineralogist, 102, 720-727

Lupulescu M V, Hughes J M, Chiarenzelli J R, Bailey D G (2017) Texture, crystal structure, and composition of fluorapatites from iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits, Eastern Adirondack Mountains, New York, The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 399-417

Rossi M, Rizzi R, Vergara A, Capitelli F, Altomare A, Bellatreccia F, Saviano M, Ghiara R M (2017) Compositional variation of turquoise-group minerals from the historical collection of the Real Museo Mineralogico of the University of Naples, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 1405-1429

Hughes J M, Harlov D, Rakovan J F (2018) Structural variations along the apatite F-OH join, American Mineralogist, 103, 1981-1987

Xue W, Zhai K, Lin C C, Zhai S (2018) Effect of temperature on the Raman spectra of Ca₅(PO₄)₃F fluorapatite, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 951-956

Borst A M, Finch A A, Friis H, Horsburgh N J, Gamaletsos P N, Goettlicher J, Steininger R, Geraki K (2020) Structural state of rare earth elements in eudialyte-group minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, 84, 19-34

Fau A, Beyssac O, Gauthier M, Panczer G, Gasnault O, Meslin P Y, Bernard S, Maurice S, Forni O, Boulliard J C, Bosc F, Drouet C (2022) Time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopy of synthetic REE-doped hydroxylapatites and natural apatites, American Mineralogist, 107, 1341-1352

Rucks M J, Finkelstein G J, Zhang D, Dera P K, Duffy T S (2023) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of fluorapatite to 61 GPa, American Mineralogist, 108, 731-737