R070001 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Orthoclase R070001

Name: Orthoclase
RRUFF ID: R070001
Ideal Chemistry: K(AlSi₃O₈)
Locality: Lengenbach Quarry, Binnental, Valais, Switzerland
Source: Michael Scott S102869 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Colorless single crystal with a habit similar to adularia
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ feldspar (62) ]

Quick search: [ All Orthoclase samples (10) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R070001.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(K_0.92Na_0.07Ba_0.01)_Σ=1Al_1.01Si_2.99O₈; darker core : (K_0.91Na_0.07Ba_0.02)_Σ=1Al_1.02Si_2.98O₈ ; lighter rim
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R070001

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File
	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R070001.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R070001.1

Sample Description:

Powder, cell parameters are from single crystal

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 8.5791(6)Å b: 13.0013(7)Å c: 7.1881(4)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 115.991(5)° gamma: 90° Volume: 720.66(6)Å³ Crystal System: monoclinic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Orthoclase
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Breithaupt J F A (1823) Feldspath. Orthoklas, in Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems. Arnoldischen Buchhandlung Dresden 271-275 [view file]
Breithaupt J F A (1826) Bemerkungen über das geschlecht des feldspath - Grammit´s und beschreibung des oligoklases, einer neuen spezies desselben, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 8, 231-242 [view file]
Kôzu S (1916) The dispersion phenomena of some monoclinic felspars, Mineralogical Magazine, 17, 253-273 [view file]
Chao S H, Hargreaves A, Taylor W H (1940) The structure of orthoclase, Mineralogical Magazine, 25, 498-512
Cole W F, Sörum H, Kennard O (1949) The crystal structures of orthoclase and sanidized orthoclase, Acta Crystallographica, 2, 280-287
Coombs D S (1954) Ferriferous orthoclase from Madagascar, Mineralogical Magazine, 30, 409-427 [view file]
Mackenzie R C (1955) Mineralogical Society (London), American Mineralogist, 40, 773-780 [view file]
Jones J B, Taylor W H (1961) The structure of orthoclase, Acta Crystallographica, 14, 443-456
International Mineralogical Association (1962) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 33, 260-263 [view file]
Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1968) The crystal structure of an adularia and a refinement of the structure of orthoclase, American Mineralogist, 53, 25-37 [view file]
Faye G H (1969) The optical absorption spectrum of tetrahedrally bonded Fe³⁺ in orthoclase, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 112-117 [view file]
Prince E, Donnay G, Martin R F (1973) Neutron diffraction refinement of an ordered orthoclase structure, American Mineralogist, 58, 500-507 [view file]
Fenn P M, Brown G E (1977) Crystal structure of a synthetic, compositionally intermediate, hypersolvus alkali feldspar: evidence for Na, K site ordering, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 145, 124-145
Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S, Taylor W H (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy), Acta Crystallographica, B34, 2699-2707
Ferguson R B (1979) Whence orthoclase and microcline? A crystallographer’s interpretation of potassium feldspar phase relations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 515-525 [view file]
Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S, Taylor W H (1980) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy): erratum, Acta Crystallographica, B36, 3211
Eggleton R A, Buseck P R (1980) The orthoclase-microcline inversion: A high-resolution transmission electron microscope study and strain analysis, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 74, 123-133
International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]
Viswanathan K, Brandt K (1980) The crystal structure of ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar and its significance, American Mineralogist, 65, 472-476 [view file]
Kroll H, Ribbe P H (1983) Lattice parameters, composition and Al,Si order in alkali feldspars, Reviews in Mineralogy, 2, 57-99
Griffen D T, Johnson B T (1984) Strain in triclinic alkali feldspars: a crystal structure study, American Mineralogist, 69, 1072-1077
Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen, Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe, 1, 1-97
Su S C, Ribbe P H, Bloss F D (1986) Alkali feldspars: Structural state determined from composition and optic axial angle 2V, American Mineralogist, 71, 1285-1296 [view file]
Glazner A F (1988) Stratigraphy, structure, and potassic alteration of Miocene volcanic rocks in the Sleeping Beauty area, central Mojave Desert, California, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100, 424-435 [view file]
Brown W L, Parsons I (1989) Alkali feldspars: ordering rates, phase transformations and behaviour diagrams for igneous rocks, Mineralogical Magazine, 53, 25-42 [view file]
Harris M J, Salje E K H, Guttler B K, Carpenter M A (1989) Structural states of natural potassium feldspar: An infrared spectroscopic study, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 16, 649-658
Blum A E (1994) Feldspars in weathering, in I. Parson (ed.), Feldspars and their reactions Kluwer Academic Dordrecht, the Netherlands 595-630
Dong G, Morrison G W (1995) Adularia in epithermal veins, Queensland: morphology, structural state and origin, Mineralium Deposita, 30, 11-19 [view file]
Tseng H Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 22, 399-405
Zhang M, Salje E K H, Carpenter M A, Parsons I, Kroll H, Reed S J B, Graeme-Barber A (1997) Exsolution and Al-Si disorder in alkali feldspars: Their analysis by infrared spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 82, 849-857 [view file]
Liu L, El Gorsey A (2007) High-pressure phase transitions of the feldspars, and further characterization of lingunite, International Geology Review, 49, 854-860
Freeman J J, Wang A, Kuebler K E, Jolliff B L, Haskin L A (2008) Characterization of natural feldspars by Raman spectroscopy for future planetary exploration, The Canadian Mineralogist, 46, 1477-1500 [view file]
Gunter M E (2010) Defining asbestos: differences between the built and natural environments, Chimia, 64, 747-752
Parsons I (2010) Feldspars defined and described: a pair of posters published by the Mineralogical Society. Sources and supporting information, Mineralogical Magazine, 74, 529-551 [view file]
Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Krüger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars, European Journal of Mineralogy, 25, 597-614
Waeselmann N, Brown J M, Angel R J, Ross N, Zhao J, Kaminsky W (2016) The elastic tensor of monoclinic alkali feldspars, American Mineralogist, 101, 1228-1231
Zagorsky V Y, Peretyazhko I S, Dmitrieva A S (2016) Axinite-(Mn) from miarolitic granitic pegmatites of the Malkhan gem-tourmaline deposit (Transbaikalia, Russia): composition, paragenesis and conditions of formation, European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 811-824
Nespolo M, Souvignier B (2017) Structural analysis of twins in feldspars. I. Calsbad twinning, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 939-947

REFERENCES for Orthoclase

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Breithaupt J F A (1823) Feldspath. Orthoklas, in Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems. Arnoldischen Buchhandlung Dresden 271-275 [view file]

Breithaupt J F A (1826) Bemerkungen über das geschlecht des feldspath - Grammit´s und beschreibung des oligoklases, einer neuen spezies desselben, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 8, 231-242 [view file]

Kôzu S (1916) The dispersion phenomena of some monoclinic felspars, Mineralogical Magazine, 17, 253-273 [view file]

Chao S H, Hargreaves A, Taylor W H (1940) The structure of orthoclase, Mineralogical Magazine, 25, 498-512

Cole W F, Sörum H, Kennard O (1949) The crystal structures of orthoclase and sanidized orthoclase, Acta Crystallographica, 2, 280-287

Coombs D S (1954) Ferriferous orthoclase from Madagascar, Mineralogical Magazine, 30, 409-427 [view file]

Mackenzie R C (1955) Mineralogical Society (London), American Mineralogist, 40, 773-780 [view file]

Jones J B, Taylor W H (1961) The structure of orthoclase, Acta Crystallographica, 14, 443-456

International Mineralogical Association (1962) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 33, 260-263 [view file]

Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1968) The crystal structure of an adularia and a refinement of the structure of orthoclase, American Mineralogist, 53, 25-37 [view file]

Faye G H (1969) The optical absorption spectrum of tetrahedrally bonded Fe³⁺ in orthoclase, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 112-117 [view file]

Prince E, Donnay G, Martin R F (1973) Neutron diffraction refinement of an ordered orthoclase structure, American Mineralogist, 58, 500-507 [view file]

Fenn P M, Brown G E (1977) Crystal structure of a synthetic, compositionally intermediate, hypersolvus alkali feldspar: evidence for Na, K site ordering, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 145, 124-145

Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S, Taylor W H (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy), Acta Crystallographica, B34, 2699-2707

Ferguson R B (1979) Whence orthoclase and microcline? A crystallographer’s interpretation of potassium feldspar phase relations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 515-525 [view file]

Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S, Taylor W H (1980) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy): erratum, Acta Crystallographica, B36, 3211

Eggleton R A, Buseck P R (1980) The orthoclase-microcline inversion: A high-resolution transmission electron microscope study and strain analysis, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 74, 123-133

International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]

Viswanathan K, Brandt K (1980) The crystal structure of ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar and its significance, American Mineralogist, 65, 472-476 [view file]

Kroll H, Ribbe P H (1983) Lattice parameters, composition and Al,Si order in alkali feldspars, Reviews in Mineralogy, 2, 57-99

Griffen D T, Johnson B T (1984) Strain in triclinic alkali feldspars: a crystal structure study, American Mineralogist, 69, 1072-1077

Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen, Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe, 1, 1-97

Su S C, Ribbe P H, Bloss F D (1986) Alkali feldspars: Structural state determined from composition and optic axial angle 2V, American Mineralogist, 71, 1285-1296 [view file]

Glazner A F (1988) Stratigraphy, structure, and potassic alteration of Miocene volcanic rocks in the Sleeping Beauty area, central Mojave Desert, California, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100, 424-435 [view file]

Brown W L, Parsons I (1989) Alkali feldspars: ordering rates, phase transformations and behaviour diagrams for igneous rocks, Mineralogical Magazine, 53, 25-42 [view file]

Harris M J, Salje E K H, Guttler B K, Carpenter M A (1989) Structural states of natural potassium feldspar: An infrared spectroscopic study, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 16, 649-658

Blum A E (1994) Feldspars in weathering, in I. Parson (ed.), Feldspars and their reactions Kluwer Academic Dordrecht, the Netherlands 595-630

Dong G, Morrison G W (1995) Adularia in epithermal veins, Queensland: morphology, structural state and origin, Mineralium Deposita, 30, 11-19 [view file]

Tseng H Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 22, 399-405

Zhang M, Salje E K H, Carpenter M A, Parsons I, Kroll H, Reed S J B, Graeme-Barber A (1997) Exsolution and Al-Si disorder in alkali feldspars: Their analysis by infrared spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 82, 849-857 [view file]

Liu L, El Gorsey A (2007) High-pressure phase transitions of the feldspars, and further characterization of lingunite, International Geology Review, 49, 854-860

Freeman J J, Wang A, Kuebler K E, Jolliff B L, Haskin L A (2008) Characterization of natural feldspars by Raman spectroscopy for future planetary exploration, The Canadian Mineralogist, 46, 1477-1500 [view file]

Gunter M E (2010) Defining asbestos: differences between the built and natural environments, Chimia, 64, 747-752

Parsons I (2010) Feldspars defined and described: a pair of posters published by the Mineralogical Society. Sources and supporting information, Mineralogical Magazine, 74, 529-551 [view file]

Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Krüger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars, European Journal of Mineralogy, 25, 597-614

Waeselmann N, Brown J M, Angel R J, Ross N, Zhao J, Kaminsky W (2016) The elastic tensor of monoclinic alkali feldspars, American Mineralogist, 101, 1228-1231

Zagorsky V Y, Peretyazhko I S, Dmitrieva A S (2016) Axinite-(Mn) from miarolitic granitic pegmatites of the Malkhan gem-tourmaline deposit (Transbaikalia, Russia): composition, paragenesis and conditions of formation, European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 811-824

Nespolo M, Souvignier B (2017) Structural analysis of twins in feldspars. I. Calsbad twinning, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 939-947