R150014 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Orthoclase R150014

Name: Orthoclase
RRUFF ID: R150014
Ideal Chemistry: K(AlSi₃O₈)
Locality: Locality: Cathedral Peak granite, near Toulumne meadows, Yosemite National Park, California, USA
Source: Jennifer Schmidt (LDP12-02)
Owner: RRUFF
Description: White to colorless, massive, in a granitic rock
Status: The identification of this mineral is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis.

Mineral Group: [ feldspar (62) ]

Quick search: [ All Orthoclase samples (10) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R150014.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(K_0.86Na_0.14)Al_1.01Si_2.98O₈
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R150014

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R150014.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 8.5745Å b: 12.9779Å c: 7.1989Å
alpha: 90° beta: 116.016° gamma: 90° Volume: Å³ Crystal System: monoclinic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Orthoclase
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Breithaupt J F A (1823) Feldspath. Orthoklas, in Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems. Arnoldischen Buchhandlung Dresden 271-275 [view file]
Breithaupt J F A (1826) Bemerkungen über das geschlecht des feldspath - Grammit´s und beschreibung des oligoklases, einer neuen spezies desselben, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 8, 231-242 [view file]
Kôzu S (1916) The dispersion phenomena of some monoclinic felspars, Mineralogical Magazine, 17, 253-273 [view file]
Chao S H, Hargreaves A, Taylor W H (1940) The structure of orthoclase, Mineralogical Magazine, 25, 498-512
Cole W F, Sörum H, Kennard O (1949) The crystal structures of orthoclase and sanidized orthoclase, Acta Crystallographica, 2, 280-287
Coombs D S (1954) Ferriferous orthoclase from Madagascar, Mineralogical Magazine, 30, 409-427 [view file]
Mackenzie R C (1955) Mineralogical Society (London), American Mineralogist, 40, 773-780 [view file]
Jones J B, Taylor W H (1961) The structure of orthoclase, Acta Crystallographica, 14, 443-456
International Mineralogical Association (1962) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 33, 260-263 [view file]
Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1968) The crystal structure of an adularia and a refinement of the structure of orthoclase, American Mineralogist, 53, 25-37 [view file]
Faye G H (1969) The optical absorption spectrum of tetrahedrally bonded Fe³⁺ in orthoclase, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 112-117 [view file]
Prince E, Donnay G, Martin R F (1973) Neutron diffraction refinement of an ordered orthoclase structure, American Mineralogist, 58, 500-507 [view file]
Fenn P M, Brown G E (1977) Crystal structure of a synthetic, compositionally intermediate, hypersolvus alkali feldspar: evidence for Na, K site ordering, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 145, 124-145
Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S, Taylor W H (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy), Acta Crystallographica, B34, 2699-2707
Ferguson R B (1979) Whence orthoclase and microcline? A crystallographer’s interpretation of potassium feldspar phase relations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 515-525 [view file]
Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S, Taylor W H (1980) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy): erratum, Acta Crystallographica, B36, 3211
Eggleton R A, Buseck P R (1980) The orthoclase-microcline inversion: A high-resolution transmission electron microscope study and strain analysis, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 74, 123-133
International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]
Viswanathan K, Brandt K (1980) The crystal structure of ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar and its significance, American Mineralogist, 65, 472-476 [view file]
Kroll H, Ribbe P H (1983) Lattice parameters, composition and Al,Si order in alkali feldspars, Reviews in Mineralogy, 2, 57-99
Griffen D T, Johnson B T (1984) Strain in triclinic alkali feldspars: a crystal structure study, American Mineralogist, 69, 1072-1077
Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen, Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe, 1, 1-97
Su S C, Ribbe P H, Bloss F D (1986) Alkali feldspars: Structural state determined from composition and optic axial angle 2V, American Mineralogist, 71, 1285-1296 [view file]
Glazner A F (1988) Stratigraphy, structure, and potassic alteration of Miocene volcanic rocks in the Sleeping Beauty area, central Mojave Desert, California, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100, 424-435 [view file]
Brown W L, Parsons I (1989) Alkali feldspars: ordering rates, phase transformations and behaviour diagrams for igneous rocks, Mineralogical Magazine, 53, 25-42 [view file]
Harris M J, Salje E K H, Guttler B K, Carpenter M A (1989) Structural states of natural potassium feldspar: An infrared spectroscopic study, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 16, 649-658
Blum A E (1994) Feldspars in weathering, in I. Parson (ed.), Feldspars and their reactions Kluwer Academic Dordrecht, the Netherlands 595-630
Dong G, Morrison G W (1995) Adularia in epithermal veins, Queensland: morphology, structural state and origin, Mineralium Deposita, 30, 11-19 [view file]
Tseng H Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 22, 399-405
Zhang M, Salje E K H, Carpenter M A, Parsons I, Kroll H, Reed S J B, Graeme-Barber A (1997) Exsolution and Al-Si disorder in alkali feldspars: Their analysis by infrared spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 82, 849-857 [view file]
Liu L, El Gorsey A (2007) High-pressure phase transitions of the feldspars, and further characterization of lingunite, International Geology Review, 49, 854-860
Freeman J J, Wang A, Kuebler K E, Jolliff B L, Haskin L A (2008) Characterization of natural feldspars by Raman spectroscopy for future planetary exploration, The Canadian Mineralogist, 46, 1477-1500 [view file]
Gunter M E (2010) Defining asbestos: differences between the built and natural environments, Chimia, 64, 747-752
Parsons I (2010) Feldspars defined and described: a pair of posters published by the Mineralogical Society. Sources and supporting information, Mineralogical Magazine, 74, 529-551 [view file]
Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Krüger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars, European Journal of Mineralogy, 25, 597-614
Waeselmann N, Brown J M, Angel R J, Ross N, Zhao J, Kaminsky W (2016) The elastic tensor of monoclinic alkali feldspars, American Mineralogist, 101, 1228-1231
Zagorsky V Y, Peretyazhko I S, Dmitrieva A S (2016) Axinite-(Mn) from miarolitic granitic pegmatites of the Malkhan gem-tourmaline deposit (Transbaikalia, Russia): composition, paragenesis and conditions of formation, European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 811-824
Nespolo M, Souvignier B (2017) Structural analysis of twins in feldspars. I. Calsbad twinning, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 939-947

REFERENCES for Orthoclase

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Breithaupt J F A (1823) Feldspath. Orthoklas, in Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems. Arnoldischen Buchhandlung Dresden 271-275 [view file]

Breithaupt J F A (1826) Bemerkungen über das geschlecht des feldspath - Grammit´s und beschreibung des oligoklases, einer neuen spezies desselben, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 8, 231-242 [view file]

Kôzu S (1916) The dispersion phenomena of some monoclinic felspars, Mineralogical Magazine, 17, 253-273 [view file]

Chao S H, Hargreaves A, Taylor W H (1940) The structure of orthoclase, Mineralogical Magazine, 25, 498-512

Cole W F, Sörum H, Kennard O (1949) The crystal structures of orthoclase and sanidized orthoclase, Acta Crystallographica, 2, 280-287

Coombs D S (1954) Ferriferous orthoclase from Madagascar, Mineralogical Magazine, 30, 409-427 [view file]

Mackenzie R C (1955) Mineralogical Society (London), American Mineralogist, 40, 773-780 [view file]

Jones J B, Taylor W H (1961) The structure of orthoclase, Acta Crystallographica, 14, 443-456

International Mineralogical Association (1962) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 33, 260-263 [view file]

Colville A A, Ribbe P H (1968) The crystal structure of an adularia and a refinement of the structure of orthoclase, American Mineralogist, 53, 25-37 [view file]

Faye G H (1969) The optical absorption spectrum of tetrahedrally bonded Fe³⁺ in orthoclase, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 112-117 [view file]

Prince E, Donnay G, Martin R F (1973) Neutron diffraction refinement of an ordered orthoclase structure, American Mineralogist, 58, 500-507 [view file]

Fenn P M, Brown G E (1977) Crystal structure of a synthetic, compositionally intermediate, hypersolvus alkali feldspar: evidence for Na, K site ordering, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 145, 124-145

Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S, Taylor W H (1978) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy), Acta Crystallographica, B34, 2699-2707

Ferguson R B (1979) Whence orthoclase and microcline? A crystallographer’s interpretation of potassium feldspar phase relations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 515-525 [view file]

Dal Negro A, De Pieri R, Quareni S, Taylor W H (1980) The crystal structures of nine K feldspars from the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy): erratum, Acta Crystallographica, B36, 3211

Eggleton R A, Buseck P R (1980) The orthoclase-microcline inversion: A high-resolution transmission electron microscope study and strain analysis, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 74, 123-133

International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]

Viswanathan K, Brandt K (1980) The crystal structure of ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar and its significance, American Mineralogist, 65, 472-476 [view file]

Kroll H, Ribbe P H (1983) Lattice parameters, composition and Al,Si order in alkali feldspars, Reviews in Mineralogy, 2, 57-99

Griffen D T, Johnson B T (1984) Strain in triclinic alkali feldspars: a crystal structure study, American Mineralogist, 69, 1072-1077

Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen, Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe, 1, 1-97

Su S C, Ribbe P H, Bloss F D (1986) Alkali feldspars: Structural state determined from composition and optic axial angle 2V, American Mineralogist, 71, 1285-1296 [view file]

Glazner A F (1988) Stratigraphy, structure, and potassic alteration of Miocene volcanic rocks in the Sleeping Beauty area, central Mojave Desert, California, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100, 424-435 [view file]

Brown W L, Parsons I (1989) Alkali feldspars: ordering rates, phase transformations and behaviour diagrams for igneous rocks, Mineralogical Magazine, 53, 25-42 [view file]

Harris M J, Salje E K H, Guttler B K, Carpenter M A (1989) Structural states of natural potassium feldspar: An infrared spectroscopic study, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 16, 649-658

Blum A E (1994) Feldspars in weathering, in I. Parson (ed.), Feldspars and their reactions Kluwer Academic Dordrecht, the Netherlands 595-630

Dong G, Morrison G W (1995) Adularia in epithermal veins, Queensland: morphology, structural state and origin, Mineralium Deposita, 30, 11-19 [view file]

Tseng H Y, Heaney P J, Onstott T C (1995) Characterization of lattice strain induced by neutron irradiation, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 22, 399-405

Zhang M, Salje E K H, Carpenter M A, Parsons I, Kroll H, Reed S J B, Graeme-Barber A (1997) Exsolution and Al-Si disorder in alkali feldspars: Their analysis by infrared spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 82, 849-857 [view file]

Liu L, El Gorsey A (2007) High-pressure phase transitions of the feldspars, and further characterization of lingunite, International Geology Review, 49, 854-860

Freeman J J, Wang A, Kuebler K E, Jolliff B L, Haskin L A (2008) Characterization of natural feldspars by Raman spectroscopy for future planetary exploration, The Canadian Mineralogist, 46, 1477-1500 [view file]

Gunter M E (2010) Defining asbestos: differences between the built and natural environments, Chimia, 64, 747-752

Parsons I (2010) Feldspars defined and described: a pair of posters published by the Mineralogical Society. Sources and supporting information, Mineralogical Magazine, 74, 529-551 [view file]

Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Krüger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars, European Journal of Mineralogy, 25, 597-614

Waeselmann N, Brown J M, Angel R J, Ross N, Zhao J, Kaminsky W (2016) The elastic tensor of monoclinic alkali feldspars, American Mineralogist, 101, 1228-1231

Zagorsky V Y, Peretyazhko I S, Dmitrieva A S (2016) Axinite-(Mn) from miarolitic granitic pegmatites of the Malkhan gem-tourmaline deposit (Transbaikalia, Russia): composition, paragenesis and conditions of formation, European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 811-824

Nespolo M, Souvignier B (2017) Structural analysis of twins in feldspars. I. Calsbad twinning, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 939-947