----- R060440 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Pyrrhotite R060440

Name: Pyrrhotite
RRUFF ID: R060440
Ideal Chemistry: Fe₇S₈
Locality: Dal 'Negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, far eastern Russia
Source: Michael Scott S100128 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Bronze-yellow metallic tabular hexagonal prisms
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ Nickeline (5) ]

Quick search: [ All Pyrrhotite samples (2) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R060440.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe fragment
Measured Chemistry:	Fe_7.1S_8.0
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R060440

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R060440.1

Sample Description:

Powder, cell parameters are from single crystal

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 11.896(4)Å b: 6.865(1)Å c: 22.779(7)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90.34(1)° gamma: 90° Volume: 1860(1)Å³ Crystal System: monoclinic

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Pyrrhotite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Breithaupt J F A (1835) Ueber das Verhältniss der Formen zu den Mischungen krystallisirter Körper, Journal für Praktische Chemie, 4, 249-271 [view file]
Alsén N (1925) Röntgenographische Untersuchung der Kristallstrukturen von Magnetkies, Breithauptit, Pentlandit, Millerit und verwandten Verbindungen, Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 47, 19-72 [view file]
Ross C S, Kerr P F (1932) The manganese minerals of a vein near Bald Knob, North Carolina, American Mineralogist, 17, 1-18 [view file]
Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]
Campbell F A (1963) Sphalerite-pyrrhotite relationships at Quemont mine, The Canadian Mineralogist, 7, 367-374 [view file]
Arnold R G (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh annual meeting: Composition, structure and temperature of stability of natural and synthetic pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 660-661 [view file]
Graham A R (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh meeting: Quantitative determination of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites by X–ray diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 665-666 [view file]
Arnold R G (1967) Range in composition and structure of 82 natural terrestrial pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 31-50 [view file]
Fleet M E, Macrae N (1968) Two-phase hexagonal pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 699-705 [view file]
Graham A R (1969) Quantitative determination of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites by X-ray diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 4-24 [view file]
Clark A H (1970) Quantitative determination of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites by X-ray diffraction: A discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 278-280 [view file]
Batt A P (1972) Shorter communications: Nickel distribution in hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 892-897 [view file]
Vaughan D J (1973) Variation in properties of synthetic "pyrrhotites" of composition Fe_1-xS (0≤x≤0.14), The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 1008-1011 [view file]
Ramsden A R (1975) Compositions of coexisting pyrrhotites, pentlandites and pyrites at Spargoville, western Australia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 13, 133-137 [view file]
Bailey S W (1977) Report of the I.M.A-I.U.Cr. Joint Committee on Nomenclature, American Mineralogist, 62, 411-415 [view file]
Corlett M (1977) Iron oxides and pyrrhotites from Igdlukunguaq, Disko Island, Greenland, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 540-545 [view file]
Tatsuka K, Morimoto N (1977) Tetrahedrite stability relations in the Cu-Fe-Sb-S system, American Mineralogist, 62, 1101-1109 [view file]
Fleet M E (1978) The pyrrhotite - marcasite transformation, The Canadian Mineralogist, 16, 31-35 [view file]
Kübler L (1981) Note on the hardness of hexagonal pyrrhotite and a method for measuring the abrasion depth in sulfides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 355-359 [view file]
Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426
Campbell F A, Ethier V G (1984) Nickel and cobalt in pyrrhotite and pyrite from the Faro and Sullivan orebodies, The Canadian Mineralogist, 22, 503-506 [view file]
Pasquariello D M, Kershaw R, Passaretti J D, Dwight K, Wold A (1984) Low-temperature synthesis and properties of Co₉S₈, Ni₃S₂, and Fe₇S₈, Inorganic Chemistry, 23, 872-874
Jeppsson M (1988) Photochemically accellerated surface-diffusion of silver on chalcopyrite, isocubanite and pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 26, 973-978 [view file]
Keller-Besrest F, Collin G (1990) Structural aspects of the α transition in stoichiometric FeS: identification of the high-temperature phase, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 84, 194-210
Chai G, Naldrett A J, Rucklidge J C, Kilius L R (1993) In situ quantitative analyses for PGE and Au in sulfide minerals of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu deposit by accelerator mass spectrometry, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 19-30 [view file]
Pratt A R, Muir I J, Nesbitt H W (1994) X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopic studies of pyrrhotite and mechanism of air oxidation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 827-841
Larocque A C L, Hodgson C J, Cabri L J, Jackman J A (1995) Ion-microprobe analysis of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite from the Mobrun VMS deposit in northwestern Quebec: evidence for metamorphic remobilization of gold, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 373-388 [view file]
Lynch G, Mengel F (1995) Metamorphism of arsenopyrite-pyrite-sphalerite-pyrrhotite lenses, western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 105-114 [view file]
Barkov A Y, Laajoki K V O, Men'shikov Y P, Alapieti T T, Sivonen S J (1997) First terrestrial occurrence of titanium-rich pyrrhotite, marcasite and pyrite in a fenitized xenolith from the Khibina alkaline complex, Russia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 875-885 [view file]
Farrell S P, Fleet M E (2002) Phase separation in (Fe,Co)_1-xS monosulfide solid-solution below 450°C, with consequences for coexisting pyrrhotite and pentlandite in magmatic sulfide deposits, The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 33-46 [view file]
Frankel R B, Bazylinski D A (2003) Biologically induced mineralization by bacteria, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 54, 95-114
Froese E (2003) Point defects in pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 1061-1067 [view file]
Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Gabašová A, Hloušek J, Šrein V, Vavrín I, Skála R, Sejkora J, Drábek M (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district, Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 48, 19-147 [view file]
Powell A V, Vaqueiro P, Knight K S, Chapon L C, Sánchez R D (2004) Structure and magnetism in synthetic pyrrhotite Fe₇S₈: A powder neutron-diffraction study, Physical Review B, 70, 014415-12
Wang H, Salveson I (2005) A review on the mineral chemistry of the non-stoichiometric iron sulphide, Fe_1-xS (0≤x≤0.125): polymorphs, phase relations and transitions, electronic and magnetic structures, Phase Transitions, 78, 547-567
Goh S W, Buckley A N, Lamb R N, Rosenberg R A, Moran D (2006) The oxidation states of copper and iron in mineral sulfides, and the oxides formed on initial exposure of chalcopyrite and bornite to air, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 2210-2228
de Villiers J P R, Liles D C (2010) The crystal-structure and vacancy distribution in 6C pyrrhotite, American Mineralogist, 95, 148-152 [view file]
Lilies D C, Villiers J P R D (2012) Redetermination of the structure of 5C pyrrhotite at low temperature and at room temperature, American Mineralogist, 97, 257-261 [view file]
Gordon S C, McDonald A M (2015) A study of the composition, distribution, and genesis of pyrrhotite in the Copper Cliff Offset, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, The Canadian Mineralogist, 53, 859-878
Gainsforth Z, Lauretta D S, Tamura N, Westphal A J, Jilly-Rehak C E, Butterworth A L (2017) Insights into solar nebula formation of pyrrhotite from nanoscale disequilibrium phases produced by H^₂S sulfidation of Fe metal, American Mineralogist, 102, 1881-1893
Fernández-Remolar D C, Banerjee N, Gómez-Ortiz D, Izawa M, Amils R (2018) A mineralogical archive of the biogeochemical sulfur cycle preserved in the subsurface of the Río Tinto system, American Mineralogist, 103, 394-411
Lorand J P, Pont S, Chevrier V, Luguet A, Zanda B, Hewins R (2018) Petrogenesis of martian sulfides in the Chassigny meteorite, American Mineralogist, 103, 872-885
Volk M W R, McCalla E, Voigt B, Manno M, Leighton C, Feinberg J M (2018) Changes in physical properties of 4C pyrrhotite (Fe₇S₈) across the 32 K Besnus transition, American Mineralogist, 103, 1674–1689
Haines C R S, Lampronti G I, Klooster W T, Coles S J, Dutton S E, Carpenter M A (2020) Morin-type transition in 5C pyrrhotite, American Mineralogist, 105, 1404-1411
Jin L, Koulialias D, Schnedler M, Gehring A U, Pósfai M, Ebert P, Charilaou M, Schäublin R E, Jia C, Löffler J F, Dunin-Borkowski R E (2021) Atomic-scale characterization of commensurate and incommensurate vacancy superstructures in natural pyrrhotites, American Mineralogist, 106, 82-96

REFERENCES for Pyrrhotite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Breithaupt J F A (1835) Ueber das Verhältniss der Formen zu den Mischungen krystallisirter Körper, Journal für Praktische Chemie, 4, 249-271 [view file]

Alsén N (1925) Röntgenographische Untersuchung der Kristallstrukturen von Magnetkies, Breithauptit, Pentlandit, Millerit und verwandten Verbindungen, Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 47, 19-72 [view file]

Ross C S, Kerr P F (1932) The manganese minerals of a vein near Bald Knob, North Carolina, American Mineralogist, 17, 1-18 [view file]

Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]

Campbell F A (1963) Sphalerite-pyrrhotite relationships at Quemont mine, The Canadian Mineralogist, 7, 367-374 [view file]

Arnold R G (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh annual meeting: Composition, structure and temperature of stability of natural and synthetic pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 660-661 [view file]

Graham A R (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh meeting: Quantitative determination of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites by X–ray diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 665-666 [view file]

Arnold R G (1967) Range in composition and structure of 82 natural terrestrial pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 31-50 [view file]

Fleet M E, Macrae N (1968) Two-phase hexagonal pyrrhotites, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 699-705 [view file]

Graham A R (1969) Quantitative determination of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites by X-ray diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 4-24 [view file]

Clark A H (1970) Quantitative determination of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites by X-ray diffraction: A discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 278-280 [view file]

Batt A P (1972) Shorter communications: Nickel distribution in hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 892-897 [view file]

Vaughan D J (1973) Variation in properties of synthetic "pyrrhotites" of composition Fe_1-xS (0≤x≤0.14), The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 1008-1011 [view file]

Ramsden A R (1975) Compositions of coexisting pyrrhotites, pentlandites and pyrites at Spargoville, western Australia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 13, 133-137 [view file]

Bailey S W (1977) Report of the I.M.A-I.U.Cr. Joint Committee on Nomenclature, American Mineralogist, 62, 411-415 [view file]

Corlett M (1977) Iron oxides and pyrrhotites from Igdlukunguaq, Disko Island, Greenland, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 540-545 [view file]

Tatsuka K, Morimoto N (1977) Tetrahedrite stability relations in the Cu-Fe-Sb-S system, American Mineralogist, 62, 1101-1109 [view file]

Fleet M E (1978) The pyrrhotite - marcasite transformation, The Canadian Mineralogist, 16, 31-35 [view file]

Kübler L (1981) Note on the hardness of hexagonal pyrrhotite and a method for measuring the abrasion depth in sulfides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 355-359 [view file]

Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426

Campbell F A, Ethier V G (1984) Nickel and cobalt in pyrrhotite and pyrite from the Faro and Sullivan orebodies, The Canadian Mineralogist, 22, 503-506 [view file]

Pasquariello D M, Kershaw R, Passaretti J D, Dwight K, Wold A (1984) Low-temperature synthesis and properties of Co₉S₈, Ni₃S₂, and Fe₇S₈, Inorganic Chemistry, 23, 872-874

Jeppsson M (1988) Photochemically accellerated surface-diffusion of silver on chalcopyrite, isocubanite and pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 26, 973-978 [view file]

Keller-Besrest F, Collin G (1990) Structural aspects of the α transition in stoichiometric FeS: identification of the high-temperature phase, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 84, 194-210

Chai G, Naldrett A J, Rucklidge J C, Kilius L R (1993) In situ quantitative analyses for PGE and Au in sulfide minerals of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu deposit by accelerator mass spectrometry, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 19-30 [view file]

Pratt A R, Muir I J, Nesbitt H W (1994) X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopic studies of pyrrhotite and mechanism of air oxidation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 827-841

Larocque A C L, Hodgson C J, Cabri L J, Jackman J A (1995) Ion-microprobe analysis of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite from the Mobrun VMS deposit in northwestern Quebec: evidence for metamorphic remobilization of gold, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 373-388 [view file]

Lynch G, Mengel F (1995) Metamorphism of arsenopyrite-pyrite-sphalerite-pyrrhotite lenses, western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 105-114 [view file]

Barkov A Y, Laajoki K V O, Men'shikov Y P, Alapieti T T, Sivonen S J (1997) First terrestrial occurrence of titanium-rich pyrrhotite, marcasite and pyrite in a fenitized xenolith from the Khibina alkaline complex, Russia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 875-885 [view file]

Farrell S P, Fleet M E (2002) Phase separation in (Fe,Co)_1-xS monosulfide solid-solution below 450°C, with consequences for coexisting pyrrhotite and pentlandite in magmatic sulfide deposits, The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 33-46 [view file]

Frankel R B, Bazylinski D A (2003) Biologically induced mineralization by bacteria, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 54, 95-114

Froese E (2003) Point defects in pyrrhotite, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 1061-1067 [view file]

Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Gabašová A, Hloušek J, Šrein V, Vavrín I, Skála R, Sejkora J, Drábek M (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district, Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 48, 19-147 [view file]

Powell A V, Vaqueiro P, Knight K S, Chapon L C, Sánchez R D (2004) Structure and magnetism in synthetic pyrrhotite Fe₇S₈: A powder neutron-diffraction study, Physical Review B, 70, 014415-12

Wang H, Salveson I (2005) A review on the mineral chemistry of the non-stoichiometric iron sulphide, Fe_1-xS (0≤x≤0.125): polymorphs, phase relations and transitions, electronic and magnetic structures, Phase Transitions, 78, 547-567

Goh S W, Buckley A N, Lamb R N, Rosenberg R A, Moran D (2006) The oxidation states of copper and iron in mineral sulfides, and the oxides formed on initial exposure of chalcopyrite and bornite to air, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 2210-2228

de Villiers J P R, Liles D C (2010) The crystal-structure and vacancy distribution in 6C pyrrhotite, American Mineralogist, 95, 148-152 [view file]

Lilies D C, Villiers J P R D (2012) Redetermination of the structure of 5C pyrrhotite at low temperature and at room temperature, American Mineralogist, 97, 257-261 [view file]

Gordon S C, McDonald A M (2015) A study of the composition, distribution, and genesis of pyrrhotite in the Copper Cliff Offset, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, The Canadian Mineralogist, 53, 859-878

Gainsforth Z, Lauretta D S, Tamura N, Westphal A J, Jilly-Rehak C E, Butterworth A L (2017) Insights into solar nebula formation of pyrrhotite from nanoscale disequilibrium phases produced by H^₂S sulfidation of Fe metal, American Mineralogist, 102, 1881-1893

Fernández-Remolar D C, Banerjee N, Gómez-Ortiz D, Izawa M, Amils R (2018) A mineralogical archive of the biogeochemical sulfur cycle preserved in the subsurface of the Río Tinto system, American Mineralogist, 103, 394-411

Lorand J P, Pont S, Chevrier V, Luguet A, Zanda B, Hewins R (2018) Petrogenesis of martian sulfides in the Chassigny meteorite, American Mineralogist, 103, 872-885

Volk M W R, McCalla E, Voigt B, Manno M, Leighton C, Feinberg J M (2018) Changes in physical properties of 4C pyrrhotite (Fe₇S₈) across the 32 K Besnus transition, American Mineralogist, 103, 1674–1689

Haines C R S, Lampronti G I, Klooster W T, Coles S J, Dutton S E, Carpenter M A (2020) Morin-type transition in 5C pyrrhotite, American Mineralogist, 105, 1404-1411

Jin L, Koulialias D, Schnedler M, Gehring A U, Pósfai M, Ebert P, Charilaou M, Schäublin R E, Jia C, Löffler J F, Dunin-Borkowski R E (2021) Atomic-scale characterization of commensurate and incommensurate vacancy superstructures in natural pyrrhotites, American Mineralogist, 106, 82-96