----- R080060 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Pyrope R080060

Name: Pyrope
RRUFF ID: R080060
Ideal Chemistry: Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Locality: Synthetic at P = 23.5 kb, T = 1000 deg C for 23 hours
Source: Weiji Cheng [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Colorless single crystals
Status: The identification of this mineral is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis.

Mineral Group: [ garnet (97) ]

Quick search: [ All Pyrope samples (13) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R080060.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	Mg_3.00Al_2.00(Si_1.00O₄)₃; trace amounts of Fe
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R080060

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 10% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File
	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R080060.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 11.455(1)Å b: 11.455(1)Å c: 11.455(1)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 90° Volume: 1503.1(1)Å³ Crystal System: cubic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Pyrope
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Henckel J F (1757) Chalco-pyrites, in Pyritologia: or, a history of the pyrites, the principal body in the mineral kingdom [English translation] Millar and Linde London 16-16 [view file]
Klaproth M H (1797) Chemische Untersuchung des böhmischen Granats, Beiträge zur Chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, 2, 16-21 [view file]
Ludwig C F (1803) Sippschaft des Granats. Pyrop, in Handbuch der Mineralogie nach A. G. Werner Siegfried Lebrécht Crusius Leipzig 62-67 [view file]
Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436
Manning P G (1967) The optical absorption spectra of the garnets almandine-pyrope, pyrope and spessartine and some structural interpretations of mineralogical significance, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 237-251 [view file]
Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]
Ringwood A E (1977) Synthesis of pyrope-knorringite solid solution series, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36, 443-448 [view file]
Artioli G, Pavese A, Ståhl K, McMullan R K (1979) Single-crystal neutron-diffraction study of pyrope in the temperature range 30-1173 K, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 1009-1019 [view file]
Levien L, Prewitt C, Weidner D (1979) Compression of pyrope, American Mineralogist, 64, 805-808 [view file]
Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]
Wang A, Wang W, Zhang A (1991) Microstructural variations of a pyrope inclusion in diamond, as revealed by a micro-Raman spectroscopic study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 517-524 [view file]
Armbruster T, Geiger C A, Lager G A (1992) Single-crystal X-Ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K, American Mineralogist, 77, 512-521 [view file]
Armbruster T, Geiger C A (1993) Andradite crystal chemistry, dynamic X-site disorder and structural strain in silicate garnets, European Journal of Mineralogy, 5, 59-71
Pinet M, Smith D C (1994) Raman microspectrometry of garnets X₃Y₂Z₃O₁₂ 2. The natural aluminium series pyrope-almandine-spessartine, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 74, 161-179 [link]
Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250
Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1997) Raman scattering in silicate garnets an investigation of their resonance intensities, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 659-662 [link]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (2000) Low-temperature single-crystal Raman spectrum of pyrope, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 645-649 [link]
Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25
Manoun B, de Waal D, Merkle R (2001) The crystal chemistry and Raman spectroscopy of kimberlitic G-9 garnets, Crystal Engineering, 4, 283-291 [link]
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Hofmeister A, Giesting P, Wopenka B, Gwanmesia G, Jolliff B (2004) Vibrational spectroscopy of pyrope-majorite garnets: structural implications, American Mineralogist, 89, 132-146 [view file]
Oberti R, Quartieri S, Dalconi M C, Boscherini F, Iezzi G, Boiocchi M, Eeckhout S G (2006) Site preference and local geometry of Sc in garnets: Part I. Multifarious mechanisms in the pyrope-grossular join, American Mineralogist, 91, 1230-1239 [view file]
Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]
Vinograd V L, Winkler B, Wilson D J, Putnis A, Gale J D (2006) Monte Carlo simulation of mixing in Ca₃Fe₂Ge₃O₁₂ – Ca₄Ge₄O₁₂ garnets and implications for the thermodynamic stability of pyrope-majorite solid solution, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 33, 533-544
Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2011) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, American Mineralogist, 96, 1593-1605 [view file]
Nestola F, Merli M, Nimis P, Parisatto M, Kopylova M, De Stefano A, Longo M, Ziberna L, Manghnani M (2012) In situ analysis of garnet inclusion in diamond using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray micro-tomography, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 599-606
Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782
Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]
Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784
Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2015) Thermo-compression of pyrope-grossular garnet solid solutions: Non-linear compositional dependence, American Mineralogist, 100, 215-222
Chantel J, Manthilake G M, Frost D J, Beyer C, Ballaran T B, Jing Z, Wang Y (2016) Elastic wave velocities in polycrystalline Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂-pyrope garnet to 24 GPa and 1300 K, American Mineralogist, 101, 991-997
Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2016) Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets, American Mineralogist, 101, 193-204
Palke A C, Geiger C A (2016) Trivalent transition-metal cations and local structure in pyrope- and grossular-rich solid solutions investigated by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, 28, 179-187
Pierre M D L, Belmonte D (2016) Ab initio investigation of majorite and pyrope garnets: lattice dynamics and vibrational spectra, American Mineralogist, 101, 162-174
Geiger C A, Rossman G R (2018) IR spectroscopy and OH^- in silicate garnet: The long quest to document hydrogarnet substitution, American Mineralogist, 103, 384-393
Urosevic M, Nebel O, Padrón-Navarta J A, Rubatto D (2018) Assessment of O and Fe isotope heterogeneity in garnet from Kakanui (New Zealand) and Erongo (Namibia), European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 695-710
Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463
Fan D, Xu J, Lu C, Tkachev S N, Li B, Ye Z, Huang S, Prakapenka V B, Zhou W (2019) Elasticity of single-crystal low water content hydrous pyrope at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, American Mineralogist, 104, 1022-1031
Liu Z, Gréaux S, Cai N, Siersch N, Ballaran T B, Irifune T, Frost D J (2019) Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets, American Mineralogist, 104, 929-935
Hisano N, Sakamaki T, Ohashi T, Funakoshi K, Higo Y, Shibazaki Y, Suzuki A (2021) Elastic properties and structures of pyrope glass under high pressures, American Mineralogist, 106, 7-14

REFERENCES for Pyrope

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Henckel J F (1757) Chalco-pyrites, in Pyritologia: or, a history of the pyrites, the principal body in the mineral kingdom [English translation] Millar and Linde London 16-16 [view file]

Klaproth M H (1797) Chemische Untersuchung des böhmischen Granats, Beiträge zur Chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, 2, 16-21 [view file]

Ludwig C F (1803) Sippschaft des Granats. Pyrop, in Handbuch der Mineralogie nach A. G. Werner Siegfried Lebrécht Crusius Leipzig 62-67 [view file]

Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436

Manning P G (1967) The optical absorption spectra of the garnets almandine-pyrope, pyrope and spessartine and some structural interpretations of mineralogical significance, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 237-251 [view file]

Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]

Ringwood A E (1977) Synthesis of pyrope-knorringite solid solution series, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36, 443-448 [view file]

Artioli G, Pavese A, Ståhl K, McMullan R K (1979) Single-crystal neutron-diffraction study of pyrope in the temperature range 30-1173 K, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 1009-1019 [view file]

Levien L, Prewitt C, Weidner D (1979) Compression of pyrope, American Mineralogist, 64, 805-808 [view file]

Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]

Wang A, Wang W, Zhang A (1991) Microstructural variations of a pyrope inclusion in diamond, as revealed by a micro-Raman spectroscopic study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 517-524 [view file]

Armbruster T, Geiger C A, Lager G A (1992) Single-crystal X-Ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K, American Mineralogist, 77, 512-521 [view file]

Armbruster T, Geiger C A (1993) Andradite crystal chemistry, dynamic X-site disorder and structural strain in silicate garnets, European Journal of Mineralogy, 5, 59-71

Pinet M, Smith D C (1994) Raman microspectrometry of garnets X₃Y₂Z₃O₁₂ 2. The natural aluminium series pyrope-almandine-spessartine, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 74, 161-179 [link]

Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250

Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1997) Raman scattering in silicate garnets an investigation of their resonance intensities, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 659-662 [link]

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (2000) Low-temperature single-crystal Raman spectrum of pyrope, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 645-649 [link]

Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25

Manoun B, de Waal D, Merkle R (2001) The crystal chemistry and Raman spectroscopy of kimberlitic G-9 garnets, Crystal Engineering, 4, 283-291 [link]

Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]

Hofmeister A, Giesting P, Wopenka B, Gwanmesia G, Jolliff B (2004) Vibrational spectroscopy of pyrope-majorite garnets: structural implications, American Mineralogist, 89, 132-146 [view file]

Oberti R, Quartieri S, Dalconi M C, Boscherini F, Iezzi G, Boiocchi M, Eeckhout S G (2006) Site preference and local geometry of Sc in garnets: Part I. Multifarious mechanisms in the pyrope-grossular join, American Mineralogist, 91, 1230-1239 [view file]

Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]

Vinograd V L, Winkler B, Wilson D J, Putnis A, Gale J D (2006) Monte Carlo simulation of mixing in Ca₃Fe₂Ge₃O₁₂ – Ca₄Ge₄O₁₂ garnets and implications for the thermodynamic stability of pyrope-majorite solid solution, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 33, 533-544

Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2011) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, American Mineralogist, 96, 1593-1605 [view file]

Nestola F, Merli M, Nimis P, Parisatto M, Kopylova M, De Stefano A, Longo M, Ziberna L, Manghnani M (2012) In situ analysis of garnet inclusion in diamond using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray micro-tomography, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 599-606

Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782

Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]

Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784

Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2015) Thermo-compression of pyrope-grossular garnet solid solutions: Non-linear compositional dependence, American Mineralogist, 100, 215-222

Chantel J, Manthilake G M, Frost D J, Beyer C, Ballaran T B, Jing Z, Wang Y (2016) Elastic wave velocities in polycrystalline Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂-pyrope garnet to 24 GPa and 1300 K, American Mineralogist, 101, 991-997

Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2016) Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets, American Mineralogist, 101, 193-204

Palke A C, Geiger C A (2016) Trivalent transition-metal cations and local structure in pyrope- and grossular-rich solid solutions investigated by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, 28, 179-187

Pierre M D L, Belmonte D (2016) Ab initio investigation of majorite and pyrope garnets: lattice dynamics and vibrational spectra, American Mineralogist, 101, 162-174

Geiger C A, Rossman G R (2018) IR spectroscopy and OH^- in silicate garnet: The long quest to document hydrogarnet substitution, American Mineralogist, 103, 384-393

Urosevic M, Nebel O, Padrón-Navarta J A, Rubatto D (2018) Assessment of O and Fe isotope heterogeneity in garnet from Kakanui (New Zealand) and Erongo (Namibia), European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 695-710

Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463

Fan D, Xu J, Lu C, Tkachev S N, Li B, Ye Z, Huang S, Prakapenka V B, Zhou W (2019) Elasticity of single-crystal low water content hydrous pyrope at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, American Mineralogist, 104, 1022-1031

Liu Z, Gréaux S, Cai N, Siersch N, Ballaran T B, Irifune T, Frost D J (2019) Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets, American Mineralogist, 104, 929-935

Hisano N, Sakamaki T, Ohashi T, Funakoshi K, Higo Y, Shibazaki Y, Suzuki A (2021) Elastic properties and structures of pyrope glass under high pressures, American Mineralogist, 106, 7-14