- R060099 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Almandine R060099

Name: Almandine
RRUFF ID: R060099
Ideal Chemistry: Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Locality: Alaska, USA
Source: Roland Boehne
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Red cube shaped single crystal
Status: The identification of this mineral is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis.

Mineral Group: [ garnet (97) ]

Quick search: [ All Almandine samples (14) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R060099.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Fe²⁺_1.63Mg_0.57Mn_0.56Ca_0.24)_Σ=3(Al_1.98Fe³⁺_0.02)_Σ=2(Si_1.00O₄)₃
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented and mounted on a pin

Pin ID:

M00497

Orientation:

Laser parallel to -a* (-1 0 0). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to c [0 0 1].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R060099

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File
	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R060099.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 11.5395(8)Å b: 11.5395(8)Å c: 11.5395(8)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 90° Volume: 1536.6(1)Å³ Crystal System: cubic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Almandine
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436
Manning P G (1967) The optical absorption spectra of the garnets almandine-pyrope, pyrope and spessartine and some structural interpretations of mineralogical significance, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 237-251 [view file]
Green D H, Lockwood J P, Kiss E (1968) Eclogite and almandine-jadeite-quartz rock from the Guajira Peninsula, Columbia, South America, American Mineralogist, 53, 1320-1335 [view file]
Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]
Emiliani F, Venturelli G (1972) Sharp compositional zoning in an almandine garnet, The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 464-472 [view file]
Crawford M L (1977) Calcium zoning in almandine garnet, Wissahickon Formation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 243-249 [view file]
Shimazaki H (1977) Grossular-spessartine-almandine garnets from some Japanese scheelite skarns, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 74-80 [view file]
Speer J A (1981) Petrology of cordierite– and almandine–bearing granitoid plutons of the southern Appalachian Piedmont, U.S.A., The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 35-46 [view file]
Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]
Armbruster T, Geiger C A, Lager G A (1992) Single-crystal X-Ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K, American Mineralogist, 77, 512-521 [view file]
Griffen D T, Hatch D M, Phillips W R, Kulaksiz S (1992) Crystal chemistry and symmetry of a birefringent tetragonal pyralspite₇₅–grandite₂₅ garnet, American Mineralogist, 77, 399-406 [view file]
Newton R C, Harlov D E (1993) Standard thermodynamic properties of almandine, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 391-399 [view file]
Pinet M, Smith D C (1994) Raman microspectrometry of garnets X₃Y₂Z₃O₁₂ 2. The natural aluminium series pyrope-almandine-spessartine, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 74, 161-179 [link]
Woodland A B, Ross C R (1994) —A crystallographic and mössbauer spectroscopy study of Fe²⁺₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂—Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂Si₃O₁₂, (almandine-"skiagite") and Ca₃Fe³⁺₂Si₃O₁₂—Fe²⁺₃Fe^{3+₂Si₃O₁₂ (andradite-"skiagite") garnet solid solutions, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 21, 117-132 [view file]}
Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250
Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1997) Raman scattering in silicate garnets an investigation of their resonance intensities, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 659-662 [link]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]
Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25
Arredondo E H, Rossman G R (2002) Feasibility of determining the quantitative OH content of garnets with Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 87, 307-311 [view file]
Boffa Ballaran T, Carpenter M A (2003) Line broadening and enthalpy: Some empirical calibrations of solid solution behaviour from IR spectra, Phase Transitions, 76, 137-154
Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]
Taran M N, Dyar M D, Matsyuk S S (2007) Optical absorption study of natural garnets of almandine-skiagite composition showing intervalence Fe²⁺ + Fe³⁺ —› Fe³⁺ + Fe²⁺ charge-transfer transition, American Mineralogist, 92, 753-760 [view file]
Dachs E, Geiger C A, Benisek A (2012) Almandine: Lattice and non-lattice heat capacity behavior and standard thermodynamic properties, American Mineralogist, 97, 1771-1782 [view file]
Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782
Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]
Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784
Moscati R J, Johnson C A (2014) Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1029-1041
Geiger C A, Rossman G R (2018) IR spectroscopy and OH^- in silicate garnet: The long quest to document hydrogarnet substitution, American Mineralogist, 103, 384-393
Urosevic M, Nebel O, Padrón-Navarta J A, Rubatto D (2018) Assessment of O and Fe isotope heterogeneity in garnet from Kakanui (New Zealand) and Erongo (Namibia), European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 695-710
Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463
Liu Z, Gréaux S, Cai N, Siersch N, Ballaran T B, Irifune T, Frost D J (2019) Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets, American Mineralogist, 104, 929-935

REFERENCES for Almandine

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436

Manning P G (1967) The optical absorption spectra of the garnets almandine-pyrope, pyrope and spessartine and some structural interpretations of mineralogical significance, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 237-251 [view file]

Green D H, Lockwood J P, Kiss E (1968) Eclogite and almandine-jadeite-quartz rock from the Guajira Peninsula, Columbia, South America, American Mineralogist, 53, 1320-1335 [view file]

Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]

Emiliani F, Venturelli G (1972) Sharp compositional zoning in an almandine garnet, The Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 464-472 [view file]

Crawford M L (1977) Calcium zoning in almandine garnet, Wissahickon Formation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 243-249 [view file]

Shimazaki H (1977) Grossular-spessartine-almandine garnets from some Japanese scheelite skarns, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 74-80 [view file]

Speer J A (1981) Petrology of cordierite– and almandine–bearing granitoid plutons of the southern Appalachian Piedmont, U.S.A., The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 35-46 [view file]

Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]

Armbruster T, Geiger C A, Lager G A (1992) Single-crystal X-Ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K, American Mineralogist, 77, 512-521 [view file]

Griffen D T, Hatch D M, Phillips W R, Kulaksiz S (1992) Crystal chemistry and symmetry of a birefringent tetragonal pyralspite₇₅–grandite₂₅ garnet, American Mineralogist, 77, 399-406 [view file]

Newton R C, Harlov D E (1993) Standard thermodynamic properties of almandine, The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 391-399 [view file]

Pinet M, Smith D C (1994) Raman microspectrometry of garnets X₃Y₂Z₃O₁₂ 2. The natural aluminium series pyrope-almandine-spessartine, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 74, 161-179 [link]

Woodland A B, Ross C R (1994) —A crystallographic and mössbauer spectroscopy study of Fe²⁺₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂—Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂Si₃O₁₂, (almandine-"skiagite") and Ca₃Fe³⁺₂Si₃O₁₂—Fe²⁺₃Fe^{3+₂Si₃O₁₂ (andradite-"skiagite") garnet solid solutions, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 21, 117-132
[view file]}

Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250

Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1997) Raman scattering in silicate garnets an investigation of their resonance intensities, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 659-662 [link]

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]

Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25

Arredondo E H, Rossman G R (2002) Feasibility of determining the quantitative OH content of garnets with Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 87, 307-311 [view file]

Boffa Ballaran T, Carpenter M A (2003) Line broadening and enthalpy: Some empirical calibrations of solid solution behaviour from IR spectra, Phase Transitions, 76, 137-154

Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]

Taran M N, Dyar M D, Matsyuk S S (2007) Optical absorption study of natural garnets of almandine-skiagite composition showing intervalence Fe²⁺ + Fe³⁺ —› Fe³⁺ + Fe²⁺ charge-transfer transition, American Mineralogist, 92, 753-760 [view file]

Dachs E, Geiger C A, Benisek A (2012) Almandine: Lattice and non-lattice heat capacity behavior and standard thermodynamic properties, American Mineralogist, 97, 1771-1782 [view file]

Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782

Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]

Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784

Moscati R J, Johnson C A (2014) Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1029-1041

Geiger C A, Rossman G R (2018) IR spectroscopy and OH^- in silicate garnet: The long quest to document hydrogarnet substitution, American Mineralogist, 103, 384-393

Urosevic M, Nebel O, Padrón-Navarta J A, Rubatto D (2018) Assessment of O and Fe isotope heterogeneity in garnet from Kakanui (New Zealand) and Erongo (Namibia), European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 695-710

Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463

Liu Z, Gréaux S, Cai N, Siersch N, Ballaran T B, Irifune T, Frost D J (2019) Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets, American Mineralogist, 104, 929-935