- X080013 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Spinel X080013

Name: Spinel
RRUFF ID: X080013
Ideal Chemistry: MgAl₂O₄
Locality: Synthetic
Source: Gemological Institute of America 17612
Owner: GIA
Description: Faceted red gemstone, 4.40 ct
Status: The identification of this mineral has been determined only by Raman spectroscopy

Mineral Group: [ Spinel (66) ]

Quick search: [ All Spinel samples (12) ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample; 780 nm spectrum overwhelmed by fluorescence

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orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

X080013

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample; 780 nm spectrum overwhelmed by fluorescence

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 1% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Spinel
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
de Boodt A B, Tollius A, de Laet I, Theophrasti (1647) De rubino spinello, in Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia Lugduni Batavorum, Ex Officina Ioannis Maire 151-151 [view file]
Rome de l´Isle J B L (1783) Genre VII. Cristaux-Gemmes. Espèce III. Rubis spinelle octaèdre, in Cristallographie, Volume 2, 2nd Edition De L´Imprimerie de Monsieur Paris 224-230 [view file]
Klaproth M H (1797) Chemische Untersuchung des Spinells, Beiträge zur Chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, 2, 1-12 [view file]
Schairer J F, Foshag W F (1927) New mineral names, American Mineralogist, 12, 232-232 [view file]
Anderson B W, Payne C J, Hey M H (1937) Magnesium-zinc-spinels from Ceylon, Mineralogical Magazine, 24, 547-554
Zorina N G, Kvitka S S (1968) Refinement of the structure of the spinel Al₂MgO₄, Soviet Physics - Crystallography, 13, 599-600 [view file]
Dickson B L, Smith G (1976) Low-temperature optical absorption and Mössbauer spectra of staurolite and spinel, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 206-215 [view file]
Jansen J B H, Feenstra A, Schuiling R D (1978) A spinel-forming reaction in aluminous dolomitic marbles of Naxos, Greece, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1978, 145-158
Essene E J, Peacor D R (1983) Crystal chemistry and petrology of coexisting galaxite and jacobsite and other spinel solutions and solvi, American Mineralogist, 68, 449-455 [view file]
Takéuchi Y, Yamanaka T, Haga N, Hirano M (1984) High-temperature crystallography of olivines and spinels, in Materials Science of the Earth's Interior Terra Scientific Pub. Co. Tokyo 191-231
Arean C O, Vinuela J S D (1985) Structural study of copper–nickel aluminate (Cu_xNi_1-xAl₂O₄) spinels, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 60, 1-5
Spry P G, Scott S D (1986) Zincian spinel and staurolite as guides to ore in the Appalachians and Scandinavian Caledonides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 24, 147-163 [view file]
Spry P G (1987) Compositional zoning in zincian spinel, The Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 97-104 [view file]
Wang X, Greenwood H J (1988) An experimental study of the equilibrium: grossular + clinochlore = 3 diopside + 2 spinel + 4 H₂O, The Canadian Mineralogist, 26, 269-281 [view file]
Cynn H, Sharma S K, Cooney T F, Nicol M (1992) High-temperature Raman investigation of order-disorder behavior in the MgAl₂O₄ spinel, Physical Review B, 45, 500-502
Waerenborgh J C, Figueiredo M O, Cabral J M P, Pereira L C J (1994) Temperature and composition dependence of the cation distribution in synthetic ZnFe_yAl_2-yO₄(0 < y < 1) spinels, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 111, 300-309
Wendschuh-Josties M, O'Neill H St C, Bente K, Brey G (1995) Lattice and oxygen parameters of ZnGa₂O₄ as a function of equilibration temperature, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1995, 273-280
Cabella R, Gazzotti M, Lucchetti G (1997) Loveringite and baddeleyite in layers of chromian spinel from the Bracco ophiolitic unit, northern Apennines, Italy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 899-908 [view file]
Clynne M A, Borg L E (1997) Olivine and chromian spinel in primitive calc-alkaline and tholeiitic lavas from the southernmost Cascade Range, California: a reflection of relative fertility of the source, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 453-472 [view file]
Lutz H D, Kringe C, Mohn K, Stingl T (1998) Decomposition of spinel-type nickel chromium indium sulfides–x-ray powder structure determination, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 136, 193-198
Redfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl₂O₄ spinel up to 1600 °C from in situ neutron diffraction, American Mineralogist, 84, 299-310 [view file]
Grygar T, Bezdicka P, Vorm P, Jordanova N, Krtil P (2001) Spinel solid solutions in the Li-Fe-Mn-O system, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 161, 152-160
Palos A I, Anne M, Strobel P (2001) Topotactic reactions, structural studies, and lithium intercalation in cation-deficient spinels with formula close to Li₂Mn₄O₉, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 160, 108-117
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Litvinenko A K (2003) Genetic position of precius spinel in magnesium skarns of the South-West Pamirs, Zapiski Vserossijskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 132, issue 1 76-81 [view file]
Nakatsuka A, Ueno H, Nakayama N, Mizota T, Maekawa H (2004) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of cation distribution in MgAl₂O₄ - MgFe₂O₄ spinel solid solution, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 31, 278-287
Uchida H, Lavina B, Downs R T, Chesley J (2005) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of spinels from the San Carlos Volcanic Field, Arizona: spinel as a geothermometer, American Mineralogist, 90, 1900-1908 [view file]
Martignago F, Andreozzi G B, Dal Negro A (2006) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in natural and synthetic Mg(Al,Fe³⁺)₂O₄ spinels from in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction, American Mineralogist, 91, 306-312 [view file]
Princivalle F, Martignago F, Dal Negro A (2006) Kinetics of cation ordering in natural Mg(Al,Cr³⁺)₂O₄ spinels, American Mineralogist, 91, 313-318 [view file]
Bosi F, Hålenius U, Andreozzi G B, Skogby H, Lucchesi S (2007) Structural refinement and crystal chemistry of Mn-doped spinel: a case for tetrahedrally coordinated Mn³⁺ in an oxygen-based structure, American Mineralogist, 92, 27-33 [view file]
Kojitani H, Hisatomi R, Akaogi M (2007) High-pressure relations and crystal chemistry of calcium ferrite-type solid solutions in the system MgAl₂O₄-Mg₂SiO₄, American Mineralogist, 92, 1112-1118 [view file]
Liu X, O’Neill H St. C (2007) Effects of P₂O₅ and TiO₂ on the partial melting of spinel lherzolite in the system CaO—MgO—Al₂O₃—SiO₂ at 1.1 GPa, The Canadian Mineralogist, 45, 649-655 [view file]
Nestola F, Boffa Ballaran T, Balic-Zunic T, Princivalle F, Secco L, Dal Negro A (2007) Comparative compressibility and structural behavior of spinel MgAl₂O₄ at high pressures: the independency on the degree of cation order, American Mineralogist, 92, 1838-1843 [view file]
Palin E J, Harrison R J (2007) A Monte Carlo investigation of the thermodynamics of cation ordering in 2-3 spinels, American Mineralogist, 92, 1334-1345 [view file]
Bosi F, Hålenius U, D'Ippolito V, Andreozzi G B (2012) Blue spinel crystals in the MgAl₂O₄-CoAl₂O₄ series: Part II. Cation ordering over short-range and long-range scales, American Mineralogist, 97, 1834-1840 [view file]
D'Ippolito V, Andreozzi G B, Bosi F, Hålenius U (2012) Blue spinel crystals in the MgAl₂O₄-CoAl₂O₄ series: Part I. Flux growth and chemical characterization, American Mineralogist, 97, 1828-1833 [view file]
Fregola R A, Bosi F, Skogby H, Hålenius U (2012) Cation ordering over short-range and long-range scales in the MgAl₂O₄-CuAl₂O₄ series, American Mineralogist, 97, 1821-1827 [view file]
Princivalle F, Martignago F, Nestola F, Dal Negro A (2012) Kinetics of cation ordering in synthetic Mg(Al,Fe³⁺)₂O₄ spinels, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 633-643
Woodland A B, Angel R J, Koch M (2012) Structural systematics of spinel and spinelloid phases in the system MFe₂O₄-M₂SiO₄ with M = Fe²⁺ and Mg, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 657-668
Bonazzi P, Chelazzi L, Bindi L (2013) Superstructure, crystal chemistry, and cation distribution in filipstadite, a Sb⁵⁺-bearing, spinel-related mineral, American Mineralogist, 98, 361-366
Reichmann H J, Jacobsen S D, Ballaran T B (2013) Elasticity of franklinite and trends for transition-metal oxide spinels, American Mineralogist, 98, 601-608
Alvaro M, Nestola F, Ross N, Domeneghetti C, Reznitsky L (2014) High-pressure behavior of thiospinel CuCr₂S₄, American Mineralogist, 99, 908-913
Biagoni C, Pasero M (2014) The systematics of the spinel-type minerals: An overview, American Mineralogist, 99, 1254-1264
Lenaz D, Youbi N, Min A D, Boumehdi M A, Abbou M B (2014) Low intra-crystalline closure temperatures of Cr-bearing spinels from the mantle xenoliths of the Middle Atlas Neogene-Quaternary Volcanic Field (Morocco): Mineralogical evidence of a cooler mantle beneath the West African Craton, American Mineralogist, 99, 267-275
Robinson P, Langenhorst F, McEnroe S A, Fabian K, Ballaran T B (2014) Ferroan geikielite and coupled spinel-rutile exsolution from titanohematite: interface characterization and magnetic properties, American Mineralogist, 99, 1694-1712
Bruschini E, Speziale S, Andreozzi G B, Bosi F, Hålenius U (2015) The elasticity of MgAl₂O₄–MnAl₂O₄ spinels by Brillouin scattering and an empirical approach for bulk modulus prediction, American Mineralogist, 100, 644-651
Erukhimovitch V, Mordekoviz Y, Hayun S (2015) Spectroscopic study of ordering in non-stoichiometric magnesium aluminate spinel, American Mineralogist, 100, 1744-1751
Nestola F, Periotto B, Anzolini C, Andreozzi G B, Woodland A B, Lenaz D, Alvaro M, Princivalle F (2015) Equation of state of hercynite, FeAl₂O₄, and high-pressure systematics of Mg-Fe-Cr-Al spinels, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 285-294
Papike J J, Burger P V, Bell A S, Shearer C K, Le L, Jones J (2015) Normal to inverse transition in martian spinel: understanding the interplay between chromium, vanadium, and iron valence state partitioning through a crystal-chemical lens, American Mineralogist, 100, 2018-2025
Lenaz D, Velicogna M, Hålenius U, O'Driscoll B (2016) Structural parameters of Cr-bearing spinels and pleonaste from the Cuillin Igneous Complex (Isle of Skye, Scotland): Implications for metamorphic and cooling history, Mineralogical Magazine, 80, 749-763
Giebel R J, Gauert C D K, Marks M A W, Costin G, Markl G (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa, American Mineralogist, 102, 1218-1233
Jastrzębska I, Szczerba J, Błachowski A, Stoch P (2017) Structure and microstructure evolution of hercynite spinel (Fe²⁺Al₂O₄) after annealing treatment, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 63-72
Lenaz D, Lughi V (2017) Raman spectroscopy and the inversion degree of natural Cr-bearing spinels, American Mineralogist, 102, 327-332
Capitani G C, Ventruti G (2018) Ni-serpentine nanoflakes in the garnierite ore from Campello Monti (Strona Valley, Italy): Népouite with some pecoraite outlines and the processing of Ni-containing ore bodies, American Mineralogist, 103, 629-644
Davis F A, Cottrell E (2018) Experimental investigation of basalt and peridotite oxybarometers: Implications for spinel thermodynamic models and Fe³⁺ compatibility during generation of upper mantle melts, American Mineralogist, 103, 1056-1067
Duffy T S (2018) Single-crystal elastic properties of minerals and related materials with cubic symmetry, American Mineralogist, 103, 977-988
Grey I E, Kampf A R, Keck E, MacRae C M, Cashion J D, Gozukara Y (2018) Crystal chemistry of schoonerite-group minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 621-634 [view file]
Grey I E, Keck E, Macrae C M, Glenn A M, Mumme W G, Kampf A R, Cashion J D (2018) Secondary Zn-bearing phosphate minerals associated with alteration of phosphophyllite at Hagendorf-Süd, Bavaria, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 1007-1020
Morrison S M, Downs R T, Blake D F, Prabhu A, Eleish A, Vaniman D T, Ming D W, Rampe E B, Hazen R M, Achilles C N, Treiman A H, Yen A S, Morris R V, Bristow T F, Chipera S J, Sarrazin P C, Fendrich K V, Morookian J M, Farmer J D, Des Marais D J, Craig P I (2018) Relationships between unit-cell parameters and composition for rock-forming minerals on Earth, Mars, and other extraterrestrial bodies, American Mineralogist, 103, 848-856 [view file]
Morrison S M, Downs R T, Blake D F, Vaniman D T, Ming D W, Hazen R M, Treiman A H, Achilles C N, Yen A S, Morris R V, Rampe E B, Bristow T F, Chipera S J, Sarrazin P C, Gellert R, Fendrich K V, Morookian J M, Farmer J D, Des Marais D J, Craig P I (2018) Crystal chemistry of martian minerals from Bradbury Landing through Naukluft Plateau, Gale crater, Mars, American Mineralogist, 103, 857-871 [view file]
Bosi F, Biagioni C, Pasero M (2019) Nomenclature and classification of the spinel supergroup, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 183-192 [view file]

REFERENCES for Spinel

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

de Boodt A B, Tollius A, de Laet I, Theophrasti (1647) De rubino spinello, in Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia Lugduni Batavorum, Ex Officina Ioannis Maire 151-151 [view file]

Rome de l´Isle J B L (1783) Genre VII. Cristaux-Gemmes. Espèce III. Rubis spinelle octaèdre, in Cristallographie, Volume 2, 2nd Edition De L´Imprimerie de Monsieur Paris 224-230 [view file]

Klaproth M H (1797) Chemische Untersuchung des Spinells, Beiträge zur Chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, 2, 1-12 [view file]

Schairer J F, Foshag W F (1927) New mineral names, American Mineralogist, 12, 232-232 [view file]

Anderson B W, Payne C J, Hey M H (1937) Magnesium-zinc-spinels from Ceylon, Mineralogical Magazine, 24, 547-554

Zorina N G, Kvitka S S (1968) Refinement of the structure of the spinel Al₂MgO₄, Soviet Physics - Crystallography, 13, 599-600 [view file]

Dickson B L, Smith G (1976) Low-temperature optical absorption and Mössbauer spectra of staurolite and spinel, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 206-215 [view file]

Jansen J B H, Feenstra A, Schuiling R D (1978) A spinel-forming reaction in aluminous dolomitic marbles of Naxos, Greece, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1978, 145-158

Essene E J, Peacor D R (1983) Crystal chemistry and petrology of coexisting galaxite and jacobsite and other spinel solutions and solvi, American Mineralogist, 68, 449-455 [view file]

Takéuchi Y, Yamanaka T, Haga N, Hirano M (1984) High-temperature crystallography of olivines and spinels, in Materials Science of the Earth's Interior Terra Scientific Pub. Co. Tokyo 191-231

Arean C O, Vinuela J S D (1985) Structural study of copper–nickel aluminate (Cu_xNi_1-xAl₂O₄) spinels, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 60, 1-5

Spry P G, Scott S D (1986) Zincian spinel and staurolite as guides to ore in the Appalachians and Scandinavian Caledonides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 24, 147-163 [view file]

Spry P G (1987) Compositional zoning in zincian spinel, The Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 97-104 [view file]

Wang X, Greenwood H J (1988) An experimental study of the equilibrium: grossular + clinochlore = 3 diopside + 2 spinel + 4 H₂O, The Canadian Mineralogist, 26, 269-281 [view file]

Cynn H, Sharma S K, Cooney T F, Nicol M (1992) High-temperature Raman investigation of order-disorder behavior in the MgAl₂O₄ spinel, Physical Review B, 45, 500-502

Waerenborgh J C, Figueiredo M O, Cabral J M P, Pereira L C J (1994) Temperature and composition dependence of the cation distribution in synthetic ZnFe_yAl_2-yO₄(0 < y < 1) spinels, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 111, 300-309

Wendschuh-Josties M, O'Neill H St C, Bente K, Brey G (1995) Lattice and oxygen parameters of ZnGa₂O₄ as a function of equilibration temperature, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1995, 273-280

Cabella R, Gazzotti M, Lucchetti G (1997) Loveringite and baddeleyite in layers of chromian spinel from the Bracco ophiolitic unit, northern Apennines, Italy, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 899-908 [view file]

Clynne M A, Borg L E (1997) Olivine and chromian spinel in primitive calc-alkaline and tholeiitic lavas from the southernmost Cascade Range, California: a reflection of relative fertility of the source, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 453-472 [view file]

Lutz H D, Kringe C, Mohn K, Stingl T (1998) Decomposition of spinel-type nickel chromium indium sulfides–x-ray powder structure determination, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 136, 193-198

Redfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl₂O₄ spinel up to 1600 °C from in situ neutron diffraction, American Mineralogist, 84, 299-310 [view file]

Grygar T, Bezdicka P, Vorm P, Jordanova N, Krtil P (2001) Spinel solid solutions in the Li-Fe-Mn-O system, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 161, 152-160

Palos A I, Anne M, Strobel P (2001) Topotactic reactions, structural studies, and lithium intercalation in cation-deficient spinels with formula close to Li₂Mn₄O₉, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 160, 108-117

Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]

Litvinenko A K (2003) Genetic position of precius spinel in magnesium skarns of the South-West Pamirs, Zapiski Vserossijskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 132, issue 1 76-81 [view file]

Nakatsuka A, Ueno H, Nakayama N, Mizota T, Maekawa H (2004) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of cation distribution in MgAl₂O₄ - MgFe₂O₄ spinel solid solution, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 31, 278-287

Uchida H, Lavina B, Downs R T, Chesley J (2005) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of spinels from the San Carlos Volcanic Field, Arizona: spinel as a geothermometer, American Mineralogist, 90, 1900-1908 [view file]

Martignago F, Andreozzi G B, Dal Negro A (2006) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in natural and synthetic Mg(Al,Fe³⁺)₂O₄ spinels from in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction, American Mineralogist, 91, 306-312 [view file]

Princivalle F, Martignago F, Dal Negro A (2006) Kinetics of cation ordering in natural Mg(Al,Cr³⁺)₂O₄ spinels, American Mineralogist, 91, 313-318 [view file]

Bosi F, Hålenius U, Andreozzi G B, Skogby H, Lucchesi S (2007) Structural refinement and crystal chemistry of Mn-doped spinel: a case for tetrahedrally coordinated Mn³⁺ in an oxygen-based structure, American Mineralogist, 92, 27-33 [view file]

Kojitani H, Hisatomi R, Akaogi M (2007) High-pressure relations and crystal chemistry of calcium ferrite-type solid solutions in the system MgAl₂O₄-Mg₂SiO₄, American Mineralogist, 92, 1112-1118 [view file]

Liu X, O’Neill H St. C (2007) Effects of P₂O₅ and TiO₂ on the partial melting of spinel lherzolite in the system CaO—MgO—Al₂O₃—SiO₂ at 1.1 GPa, The Canadian Mineralogist, 45, 649-655 [view file]

Nestola F, Boffa Ballaran T, Balic-Zunic T, Princivalle F, Secco L, Dal Negro A (2007) Comparative compressibility and structural behavior of spinel MgAl₂O₄ at high pressures: the independency on the degree of cation order, American Mineralogist, 92, 1838-1843 [view file]

Palin E J, Harrison R J (2007) A Monte Carlo investigation of the thermodynamics of cation ordering in 2-3 spinels, American Mineralogist, 92, 1334-1345 [view file]

Bosi F, Hålenius U, D'Ippolito V, Andreozzi G B (2012) Blue spinel crystals in the MgAl₂O₄-CoAl₂O₄ series: Part II. Cation ordering over short-range and long-range scales, American Mineralogist, 97, 1834-1840 [view file]

D'Ippolito V, Andreozzi G B, Bosi F, Hålenius U (2012) Blue spinel crystals in the MgAl₂O₄-CoAl₂O₄ series: Part I. Flux growth and chemical characterization, American Mineralogist, 97, 1828-1833 [view file]

Fregola R A, Bosi F, Skogby H, Hålenius U (2012) Cation ordering over short-range and long-range scales in the MgAl₂O₄-CuAl₂O₄ series, American Mineralogist, 97, 1821-1827 [view file]

Princivalle F, Martignago F, Nestola F, Dal Negro A (2012) Kinetics of cation ordering in synthetic Mg(Al,Fe³⁺)₂O₄ spinels, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 633-643

Woodland A B, Angel R J, Koch M (2012) Structural systematics of spinel and spinelloid phases in the system MFe₂O₄-M₂SiO₄ with M = Fe²⁺ and Mg, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 657-668

Bonazzi P, Chelazzi L, Bindi L (2013) Superstructure, crystal chemistry, and cation distribution in filipstadite, a Sb⁵⁺-bearing, spinel-related mineral, American Mineralogist, 98, 361-366

Reichmann H J, Jacobsen S D, Ballaran T B (2013) Elasticity of franklinite and trends for transition-metal oxide spinels, American Mineralogist, 98, 601-608

Alvaro M, Nestola F, Ross N, Domeneghetti C, Reznitsky L (2014) High-pressure behavior of thiospinel CuCr₂S₄, American Mineralogist, 99, 908-913

Biagoni C, Pasero M (2014) The systematics of the spinel-type minerals: An overview, American Mineralogist, 99, 1254-1264

Lenaz D, Youbi N, Min A D, Boumehdi M A, Abbou M B (2014) Low intra-crystalline closure temperatures of Cr-bearing spinels from the mantle xenoliths of the Middle Atlas Neogene-Quaternary Volcanic Field (Morocco): Mineralogical evidence of a cooler mantle beneath the West African Craton, American Mineralogist, 99, 267-275

Robinson P, Langenhorst F, McEnroe S A, Fabian K, Ballaran T B (2014) Ferroan geikielite and coupled spinel-rutile exsolution from titanohematite: interface characterization and magnetic properties, American Mineralogist, 99, 1694-1712

Bruschini E, Speziale S, Andreozzi G B, Bosi F, Hålenius U (2015) The elasticity of MgAl₂O₄–MnAl₂O₄ spinels by Brillouin scattering and an empirical approach for bulk modulus prediction, American Mineralogist, 100, 644-651

Erukhimovitch V, Mordekoviz Y, Hayun S (2015) Spectroscopic study of ordering in non-stoichiometric magnesium aluminate spinel, American Mineralogist, 100, 1744-1751

Nestola F, Periotto B, Anzolini C, Andreozzi G B, Woodland A B, Lenaz D, Alvaro M, Princivalle F (2015) Equation of state of hercynite, FeAl₂O₄, and high-pressure systematics of Mg-Fe-Cr-Al spinels, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 285-294

Papike J J, Burger P V, Bell A S, Shearer C K, Le L, Jones J (2015) Normal to inverse transition in martian spinel: understanding the interplay between chromium, vanadium, and iron valence state partitioning through a crystal-chemical lens, American Mineralogist, 100, 2018-2025

Lenaz D, Velicogna M, Hålenius U, O'Driscoll B (2016) Structural parameters of Cr-bearing spinels and pleonaste from the Cuillin Igneous Complex (Isle of Skye, Scotland): Implications for metamorphic and cooling history, Mineralogical Magazine, 80, 749-763

Giebel R J, Gauert C D K, Marks M A W, Costin G, Markl G (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa, American Mineralogist, 102, 1218-1233

Jastrzębska I, Szczerba J, Błachowski A, Stoch P (2017) Structure and microstructure evolution of hercynite spinel (Fe²⁺Al₂O₄) after annealing treatment, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 63-72

Lenaz D, Lughi V (2017) Raman spectroscopy and the inversion degree of natural Cr-bearing spinels, American Mineralogist, 102, 327-332

Capitani G C, Ventruti G (2018) Ni-serpentine nanoflakes in the garnierite ore from Campello Monti (Strona Valley, Italy): Népouite with some pecoraite outlines and the processing of Ni-containing ore bodies, American Mineralogist, 103, 629-644

Davis F A, Cottrell E (2018) Experimental investigation of basalt and peridotite oxybarometers: Implications for spinel thermodynamic models and Fe³⁺ compatibility during generation of upper mantle melts, American Mineralogist, 103, 1056-1067

Duffy T S (2018) Single-crystal elastic properties of minerals and related materials with cubic symmetry, American Mineralogist, 103, 977-988

Grey I E, Kampf A R, Keck E, MacRae C M, Cashion J D, Gozukara Y (2018) Crystal chemistry of schoonerite-group minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 621-634 [view file]

Grey I E, Keck E, Macrae C M, Glenn A M, Mumme W G, Kampf A R, Cashion J D (2018) Secondary Zn-bearing phosphate minerals associated with alteration of phosphophyllite at Hagendorf-Süd, Bavaria, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 1007-1020

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