N R110110 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Corundum R110110

Name: Corundum
RRUFF ID: R110110
Ideal Chemistry: Al₂O₃
Locality: Synthetic
Source: Gemological Institute of America 10-12-2010-15 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: A cut, blue (3.26ct) sapphire gemstone, grown by flame fusion.
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Mineral Group: [ Corundum (38) ]

Quick search: [ All Corundum samples (22) ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R110110

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 16% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R110110.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 4.790(7)Å b: 4.790(7)Å c: 12.93(2)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 120° Volume: 256.9(2)Å³ Crystal System: hexagonal

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Corundum
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Gesner C (1565) Gemmis, quae erant in veste Aaronis, Liber Graecus, & e regione Latinus, Iola Hierotarantino interprete: cum Corollario Conradi Gesneri, in Sancti Patris Epiphanii Episcopi Cypri ad Diodorum Tyri episcopum, De XII 1-29 [view file]
Pauling L, Hendricks S B (1925) The crystal structures of hematite and corundum, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 47, 781-790 [view file]
Zachariasen W H (1928) Untersuchungen über die Kristallstruktur von Sesquioxyden und Verbindungen ABO₃, Skrifter Utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, 1, 1-165 [view file]
Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]
Newnham R E, de Haan Y M (1962) Refinement of the α Al₂O₃, Ti₂O₃, V₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ structures, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 117, 235-237 [view file]
Hayek E, Inama P, Schatz B (1963) Mischkristallbildung von As₂O₃ und Sb₂O₃, Monatshefte für Chemie, 94, 366-372
Moss S C, Newnham R E (1964) The chromium position in ruby, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 120, 359-363 [view file]
Yates B, Cooper R F, Pojur A F (1972) Thermal expansion at elevated temperatures: II. Aluminium oxide: experimental data between 100 and 800 K and their analysis, Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, 5, 1046-1058
Finger L W, Hazen R M (1978) Crystal structure and compression of ruby to 46 kbar, Journal of Applied Physics, 49, 5823-5826
Ishizawa N, Miyata T, Minato I, Marumo F, Iwai S I (1980) A structural investigation of α-Al₂O₃ at 2170 K, Acta Crystallographica, B36, 228-230
Lewis J, Schwarzenbach D (1982) Electric field gradients and charge density in corundum α-Al₂O₃, Acta Crystallographica, A38, 733-739
Kirfel A, Eichhorn K (1990) Accurate structure analysis with synchrotron radiation. The electron density in Al₂O₃ and Cu₂O, Acta Crystallographica, A46, 271-284
Boettger J C (1997) High-precision, all-electron, full-potential calculation of the equation of state and elastic constants of corundum, Physical Review B, 55, 750-756
Catti M, Pavese A (1998) Equation of state of α-Al₂O₃ (corundum) from quasi-harmonic atomistic simulations, Acta Crystallographica, B54, 741-749
Bucher K, de Capitani C, Grapes R (2005) The development of a margarite-corundum blackwall by metasomatic alteration of a slice of mica schist in ultramafic rock, Kvesjöen, Norwegian Caledonides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 129-156 [view file]
Gao R, Li H, Zhao J (2015) Dependence of R fluorescence lines of rubies on Cr³⁺ concentration at various temperatures, with implications for pressure calibrations in experimental apparatus, American Mineralogist, 100, 1554-1561
Sutherland F L, Coenraads R R, Abduriyim A, Meffre S, Hoskin P W O, Giuliani G, Beattie R, Wuhrer R, Sutherland G B (2015) Corundum (sapphire) and zircon relationships, Lava Plains gem fields, NE Australia: integrated mineralogy, geochemistry, age determination, genesis and geographical typing, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 545-581
Sorokina E S, Hofmeister W, Häger T, Mertz-Kraus R, Buhre S, Saul J M (2016) Morphological and chemical evolution of corundum (ruby and sapphire): Crystal ontogeny reconstructed by EMPA, LA-ICP-MS, and Cr³⁺ Raman mapping, American Mineralogist, 101, 2716-2722
Wong J, Verdel C, Allen C M (2017) Trace-element compositions of sapphire and ruby from the eastern Australian gemstone belt, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 1551-1576
Palke A C, Wong J, Verdel C, Ávila J N (2018) A common origin for Thai/Cambodian rubies and blue and violet sapphires from Yogo Gulch, Montana, U.S.A.?, American Mineralogist, 103, 469-479
Balan E (2020) Theoretical infrared spectra of OH defects in corundum (α-Al₂O₃), European Journal of Mineralogy, 32, 457-467 [view file]
Hazen R M, Morrison S M (2020) An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part I: Stellar mineralogy (>13 to 4.6 Ga), American Mineralogist, 105, 627-651 [view file]
Karmakar S, Mukherjee S, Dutta U (2020) Origin of corundum within anorthite megacrysts from anorthositic amphibolites, Granulite Terrane, Southern India, American Mineralogist, 105, 1161-1174

REFERENCES for Corundum

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Gesner C (1565) Gemmis, quae erant in veste Aaronis, Liber Graecus, & e regione Latinus, Iola Hierotarantino interprete: cum Corollario Conradi Gesneri, in Sancti Patris Epiphanii Episcopi Cypri ad Diodorum Tyri episcopum, De XII 1-29 [view file]

Pauling L, Hendricks S B (1925) The crystal structures of hematite and corundum, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 47, 781-790 [view file]

Zachariasen W H (1928) Untersuchungen über die Kristallstruktur von Sesquioxyden und Verbindungen ABO₃, Skrifter Utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, 1, 1-165 [view file]

Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]

Newnham R E, de Haan Y M (1962) Refinement of the α Al₂O₃, Ti₂O₃, V₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ structures, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 117, 235-237 [view file]

Hayek E, Inama P, Schatz B (1963) Mischkristallbildung von As₂O₃ und Sb₂O₃, Monatshefte für Chemie, 94, 366-372

Moss S C, Newnham R E (1964) The chromium position in ruby, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 120, 359-363 [view file]

Yates B, Cooper R F, Pojur A F (1972) Thermal expansion at elevated temperatures: II. Aluminium oxide: experimental data between 100 and 800 K and their analysis, Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, 5, 1046-1058

Finger L W, Hazen R M (1978) Crystal structure and compression of ruby to 46 kbar, Journal of Applied Physics, 49, 5823-5826

Ishizawa N, Miyata T, Minato I, Marumo F, Iwai S I (1980) A structural investigation of α-Al₂O₃ at 2170 K, Acta Crystallographica, B36, 228-230

Lewis J, Schwarzenbach D (1982) Electric field gradients and charge density in corundum α-Al₂O₃, Acta Crystallographica, A38, 733-739

Kirfel A, Eichhorn K (1990) Accurate structure analysis with synchrotron radiation. The electron density in Al₂O₃ and Cu₂O, Acta Crystallographica, A46, 271-284

Boettger J C (1997) High-precision, all-electron, full-potential calculation of the equation of state and elastic constants of corundum, Physical Review B, 55, 750-756

Catti M, Pavese A (1998) Equation of state of α-Al₂O₃ (corundum) from quasi-harmonic atomistic simulations, Acta Crystallographica, B54, 741-749

Bucher K, de Capitani C, Grapes R (2005) The development of a margarite-corundum blackwall by metasomatic alteration of a slice of mica schist in ultramafic rock, Kvesjöen, Norwegian Caledonides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 129-156 [view file]

Gao R, Li H, Zhao J (2015) Dependence of R fluorescence lines of rubies on Cr³⁺ concentration at various temperatures, with implications for pressure calibrations in experimental apparatus, American Mineralogist, 100, 1554-1561

Sutherland F L, Coenraads R R, Abduriyim A, Meffre S, Hoskin P W O, Giuliani G, Beattie R, Wuhrer R, Sutherland G B (2015) Corundum (sapphire) and zircon relationships, Lava Plains gem fields, NE Australia: integrated mineralogy, geochemistry, age determination, genesis and geographical typing, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 545-581

Sorokina E S, Hofmeister W, Häger T, Mertz-Kraus R, Buhre S, Saul J M (2016) Morphological and chemical evolution of corundum (ruby and sapphire): Crystal ontogeny reconstructed by EMPA, LA-ICP-MS, and Cr³⁺ Raman mapping, American Mineralogist, 101, 2716-2722

Wong J, Verdel C, Allen C M (2017) Trace-element compositions of sapphire and ruby from the eastern Australian gemstone belt, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 1551-1576

Palke A C, Wong J, Verdel C, Ávila J N (2018) A common origin for Thai/Cambodian rubies and blue and violet sapphires from Yogo Gulch, Montana, U.S.A.?, American Mineralogist, 103, 469-479

Balan E (2020) Theoretical infrared spectra of OH defects in corundum (α-Al₂O₃), European Journal of Mineralogy, 32, 457-467 [view file]

Hazen R M, Morrison S M (2020) An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part I: Stellar mineralogy (>13 to 4.6 Ga), American Mineralogist, 105, 627-651 [view file]

Karmakar S, Mukherjee S, Dutta U (2020) Origin of corundum within anorthite megacrysts from anorthositic amphibolites, Granulite Terrane, Southern India, American Mineralogist, 105, 1161-1174