D R060382 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Grossular R060382

Name: Grossular
RRUFF ID: R060382
Ideal Chemistry: Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Locality: Lalatema, near Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Source: Herb Obodda 041 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Pale tan colored fragment
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ garnet (97) ]

Quick search: [ All Grossular samples (21) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R060382.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Ca_2.95Mg_0.03Mn_0.02)_Σ=3Al_2.00((Si_0.99Ti_0.01)_Σ=1O₄)₃; trace amounts of Fe
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented and mounted on a pin

Pin ID:

L01581

Orientation:

Laser parallel to -a* (-1 0 0). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to 0 1 0.

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R060382

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample; 785 spectrum overwhelmed by fluorescence

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R060382.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 11.8526(1)Å b: 11.8526(1)Å c: 11.8526(1)Å
alpha: 90.° beta: 90.° gamma: 90.° Volume: 1665.11(4)Å³ Crystal System: cubic

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Grossular
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Hoffmann C A S (1811) Grossular, in Handbuch der Mineralogie, Volume 1 Craz und Gerlach Freiberg 479-481 [view file]
Flint E P, McMurdie H F, Wells L S (1941) Hydrothermal and x-ray studies of the garnet-hydrogarnet series and the relationship of the series to hydration products of Portland cement, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 26, 13-33 [view file]
Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436
Frankel J J (1959) Uvarovite garnet and South African jade (hydrogrossular) from the Bushveld Complex, Transvaal, American Mineralogist, 44, 565-591 [view file]
International Mineralogical Association (1962) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 33, 260-263 [view file]
Heflik W, Żabiński W (1969) A chromian hydrogrossular from Jordanów, Lower Silesia, Poland, Mineralogical Magazine, 37, 241-243 [view file]
Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]
Shimazaki H (1977) Grossular-spessartine-almandine garnets from some Japanese scheelite skarns, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 74-80 [view file]
Muije P, Muije C S, Muije L E (1979) Colorless and green grossularite from Tanzania, Gems & Gemology, 16, 162-173 [view file]
International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]
Basso R, Della Giusta A, Zefiro L (1981) A crystal chemical study of a Ti-containing hydrogarnet, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1981, 230-236
Nickel E H, Mandarino J A (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature, American Mineralogist, 72, 1031-1042 [view file]
Wang X, Greenwood H J (1988) An experimental study of the equilibrium: grossular + clinochlore = 3 diopside + 2 spinel + 4 H₂O, The Canadian Mineralogist, 26, 269-281 [view file]
Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]
Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250
Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409
Geiger C A, Armbruster T (1997) Mn₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ spessartine and Ca₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ grossular garnet: Structural dynamic and thermodynamic properties, American Mineralogist, 82, 740-747 [view file]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]
Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25
Arredondo E H, Rossman G R (2002) Feasibility of determining the quantitative OH content of garnets with Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 87, 307-311 [view file]
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Boffa Ballaran T, Carpenter M A (2003) Line broadening and enthalpy: Some empirical calibrations of solid solution behaviour from IR spectra, Phase Transitions, 76, 137-154
Oberti R, Quartieri S, Dalconi M C, Boscherini F, Iezzi G, Boiocchi M, Eeckhout S G (2006) Site preference and local geometry of Sc in garnets: Part I. Multifarious mechanisms in the pyrope-grossular join, American Mineralogist, 91, 1230-1239 [view file]
Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]
Moroz T, Ragozin A, Salikhov D, Belikova G, Puchkov V, Kagi H (2009) Micro-Raman spectra of ugrandite garnet, Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73, 436-439
Dachs E, Geiger C A, Benisek A, Grevel K-D (2012) Grossular: A crystal-chemical, calorimetric, and thermodynamic study, American Mineralogist, 97, 1299-1313 [view file]
Dachs E, Geiger C A, Benisek A, Grevel K D (2012) Grossular: A crystal-chemical, calorimetric, and thermodynamic study, American Mineralogist, 97, 1299-1313 [view file]
Antao S M (2013) Is near-endmember birefringent grossular non-cubic? New evidence from synchrotron diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 51, 771-784
De La Pierre M, Noël Y, Mustapha S, Meyer A, D'Arco P, Dovesi R (2013) The infrared vibrational spectrum of andradite-grossular solid solutions: A quantum mechanical simulation, American Mineralogist, 98, 966-976
Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782
Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]
Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784
Feneyrol J, Giuliani G, Ohnenstetter D, Rondeau B, Fritsch E, Fallick A E, Ichang'i D, Omito E, Rakotondrazafy M, Ranatsenho M, Lallier F (2014) New typology and origin of tsavorite based on trace-element chemistry, European Journal of Mineralogy, 26, 293-308
Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2015) Thermo-compression of pyrope-grossular garnet solid solutions: Non-linear compositional dependence, American Mineralogist, 100, 215-222
Lacivita V, Mahmoud A, Erba A, D'Arco P, Mustapha S (2015) Hydrogrossular, Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)_3-x(H₄O₄)_x: An ab initio investigation of its structural and energetic properties, American Mineralogist, 100, 2637-2649
Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2016) Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets, American Mineralogist, 101, 193-204
Palke A C, Geiger C A (2016) Trivalent transition-metal cations and local structure in pyrope- and grossular-rich solid solutions investigated by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, 28, 179-187
Milani S, Angel R J, Scandolo L, Mazzucchelli M L, Ballaran T B, Klemme S, Domeneghetti M C, Miletich R, Scheidl K S, Derzsi M, Tokár K, Prencipe M, Alvaro M, Nestola F (2017) Thermo-elastic behavior of grossular garnet at high pressures and temperatures, American Mineralogist, 102, 851-859
Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463
Gajda R, Stachowicz M, Makal A, Sutuła S, Parafiniuk J, Fertey P, Woźniak K (2020) Experimental charge density of grossular under pressure — a feasibility study, IUCrJ, 7, 383-392

REFERENCES for Grossular

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Hoffmann C A S (1811) Grossular, in Handbuch der Mineralogie, Volume 1 Craz und Gerlach Freiberg 479-481 [view file]

Flint E P, McMurdie H F, Wells L S (1941) Hydrothermal and x-ray studies of the garnet-hydrogarnet series and the relationship of the series to hydration products of Portland cement, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 26, 13-33 [view file]

Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436

Frankel J J (1959) Uvarovite garnet and South African jade (hydrogrossular) from the Bushveld Complex, Transvaal, American Mineralogist, 44, 565-591 [view file]

International Mineralogical Association (1962) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 33, 260-263 [view file]

Heflik W, Żabiński W (1969) A chromian hydrogrossular from Jordanów, Lower Silesia, Poland, Mineralogical Magazine, 37, 241-243 [view file]

Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]

Shimazaki H (1977) Grossular-spessartine-almandine garnets from some Japanese scheelite skarns, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 74-80 [view file]

Muije P, Muije C S, Muije L E (1979) Colorless and green grossularite from Tanzania, Gems & Gemology, 16, 162-173 [view file]

International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]

Basso R, Della Giusta A, Zefiro L (1981) A crystal chemical study of a Ti-containing hydrogarnet, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1981, 230-236

Nickel E H, Mandarino J A (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature, American Mineralogist, 72, 1031-1042 [view file]

Wang X, Greenwood H J (1988) An experimental study of the equilibrium: grossular + clinochlore = 3 diopside + 2 spinel + 4 H₂O, The Canadian Mineralogist, 26, 269-281 [view file]

Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]

Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250

Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409

Geiger C A, Armbruster T (1997) Mn₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ spessartine and Ca₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ grossular garnet: Structural dynamic and thermodynamic properties, American Mineralogist, 82, 740-747 [view file]

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]

Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25

Arredondo E H, Rossman G R (2002) Feasibility of determining the quantitative OH content of garnets with Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 87, 307-311 [view file]

Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]

Boffa Ballaran T, Carpenter M A (2003) Line broadening and enthalpy: Some empirical calibrations of solid solution behaviour from IR spectra, Phase Transitions, 76, 137-154

Oberti R, Quartieri S, Dalconi M C, Boscherini F, Iezzi G, Boiocchi M, Eeckhout S G (2006) Site preference and local geometry of Sc in garnets: Part I. Multifarious mechanisms in the pyrope-grossular join, American Mineralogist, 91, 1230-1239 [view file]

Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]

Moroz T, Ragozin A, Salikhov D, Belikova G, Puchkov V, Kagi H (2009) Micro-Raman spectra of ugrandite garnet, Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73, 436-439

Dachs E, Geiger C A, Benisek A, Grevel K-D (2012) Grossular: A crystal-chemical, calorimetric, and thermodynamic study, American Mineralogist, 97, 1299-1313 [view file]

Dachs E, Geiger C A, Benisek A, Grevel K D (2012) Grossular: A crystal-chemical, calorimetric, and thermodynamic study, American Mineralogist, 97, 1299-1313 [view file]

Antao S M (2013) Is near-endmember birefringent grossular non-cubic? New evidence from synchrotron diffraction, The Canadian Mineralogist, 51, 771-784

De La Pierre M, Noël Y, Mustapha S, Meyer A, D'Arco P, Dovesi R (2013) The infrared vibrational spectrum of andradite-grossular solid solutions: A quantum mechanical simulation, American Mineralogist, 98, 966-976

Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782

Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]

Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784

Feneyrol J, Giuliani G, Ohnenstetter D, Rondeau B, Fritsch E, Fallick A E, Ichang'i D, Omito E, Rakotondrazafy M, Ranatsenho M, Lallier F (2014) New typology and origin of tsavorite based on trace-element chemistry, European Journal of Mineralogy, 26, 293-308

Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2015) Thermo-compression of pyrope-grossular garnet solid solutions: Non-linear compositional dependence, American Mineralogist, 100, 215-222

Lacivita V, Mahmoud A, Erba A, D'Arco P, Mustapha S (2015) Hydrogrossular, Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)_3-x(H₄O₄)_x: An ab initio investigation of its structural and energetic properties, American Mineralogist, 100, 2637-2649

Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2016) Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets, American Mineralogist, 101, 193-204

Palke A C, Geiger C A (2016) Trivalent transition-metal cations and local structure in pyrope- and grossular-rich solid solutions investigated by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, 28, 179-187

Milani S, Angel R J, Scandolo L, Mazzucchelli M L, Ballaran T B, Klemme S, Domeneghetti M C, Miletich R, Scheidl K S, Derzsi M, Tokár K, Prencipe M, Alvaro M, Nestola F (2017) Thermo-elastic behavior of grossular garnet at high pressures and temperatures, American Mineralogist, 102, 851-859

Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463

Gajda R, Stachowicz M, Makal A, Sutuła S, Parafiniuk J, Fertey P, Woźniak K (2020) Experimental charge density of grossular under pressure — a feasibility study, IUCrJ, 7, 383-392