Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Kiruna Town, Kiruna, Norrbotten County, Sweden

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2200
Youngest recorded age at locality: 2200

mindat Locality ID: 206505
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-206505.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kiruna Town, Kiruna, Norrbotten County, Sweden": 21
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 17

Number of Child Localities: 13
Child Localities:
Haukivaara Mine
Henry Mine
Kiirunavaara Mine
Kopparåsen
Kopparåsen S
Luossavaara Mine
Rektorn
Riksgränsen
Sjangeli
Tuolluvaara Mine
Vassijaure
Viscaria Mine
Vittangi

Latitude: 68°3'42"N
Longitude: 19°32'50"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 68.061666666667,19.547222222222

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allanite	Allophane	Amphibole	Apatite	Aragonite	Arsenopyrite	Baryte	Beraunite	Calcite	Chalcoalumite
Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Copper	Corundum	Devilline	Digenite	Dufrénite	Epidote	Ettringite
Feldspar	Fluorite	Garnet	Malachite	Melonite	Mica	Millerite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group
Pentlandite	Phosphosiderite	Pyrite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rhodonite	Rocksalt	Rutile	Scapolite	Serpentine
Sphalerite	Spinel	Talc	Titanite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H Hg K Mg Mn Na Ni O P Pb Pd Pt S Si Te Ti U Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: C Ca O

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allanite Allophane Amphibole Apatite Aragonite Arsenopyrite Baryte Beraunite Calcite Chalcoalumite
Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite Copper Corundum Devilline Digenite Dufrénite Epidote Ettringite
Feldspar Fluorite Garnet Malachite Melonite Mica Millerite Nickeline None Not in a structural group
Pentlandite Phosphosiderite Pyrite Pyroxene Quartz Rhodonite Rocksalt Rutile Scapolite Serpentine
Sphalerite Spinel Talc Titanite Zircon

69 IMA Minerals at location:

Actinolite ()*	Albite ()*	Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Anatase ()*	Andradite ()*
Anhydrite ()*	Ankerite ()*	Annite ()*	Antigorite ()*	Aragonite ()*
Arsenopyrite ()*	Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*	Beraunite ()*	Bornite ()*
Cacoxenite ()*	Calaverite ()*	Calcite ()*	Chalcoalumite ()*	Chalcocite ()*
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chrysocolla ()*	Copper ()*	Cuprite ()*	Devilline ()*
Digenite ()*	Diopside ()*	Dolomite ()*	Dufrénite ()*	Edenite ()*
Epidote ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Fluorite ()*	Galena ()*	Gold ()*
Hematite ()*	Hydroxylapatite ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Kotulskite ()*	Linnaeite ()*
Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Marialite ()*	Melonite ()*	Merenskyite ()*
Microcline ()*	Millerite ()*	Moncheite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Pentlandite ()*
Phosphosiderite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rhodonite ()*
Rutile ()*	Siegenite ()*	Silver ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Strengite ()*
Talc ()*	Temagamite ()*	Tenorite ()*	Thaumasite ()*	Titanite ()*
Uraninite ()*	Violarite ()*	Zircon ()*	Zoisite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			2	111968,111972	3419
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)			2	111968,111973	8803
Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Allanite Epidote	CaCe(Al₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	111972	706
Anatase ()*	Not in a structural group	TiO₂			1	111979	2162
Andradite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃			1	111968	1534
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)			1	111968	1588
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂			1	111973	3092
Annite ()*	Mica Clay	KFe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂			1	111968	356
Antigorite ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄			1	111968	708
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	2200	2200	0		3250
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS			2	111970,111971	9052
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	2200	2200	2	111976,111980	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	2200	2200	3	111967,111972,111980	11547
Beraunite ()*	Beraunite	Fe³⁺₆(PO₄)₄O(OH)₄·6H₂O			1	111968	136
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄			3	111970,111972,111976	5516
Cacoxenite ()*	None	Fe³⁺₂₄AlO₆(PO₄)₁₇(OH)₁₂·75H₂O			1	111968	280
Calaverite ()*	Melonite	AuTe₂			1	111984	361
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	2200	2200	7	111968,111972,111976,111977,111979,111980,111982	27770
Chalcoalumite ()*	Chalcoalumite	CuAl₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₂·3H₂O	2200	2200	1	111980	91
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S			3	111970,111972,111976	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	2200	2200	8	111968,111970,111971,111972,111976,111977,111979,111980	27198
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	2200	2200	5	111967,111968,111972,111976,111980	3531
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	2200	2200	1	111980	3846
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	2200	2200	2	111968,111980	2970
Devilline ()*	Devilline	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	2200	2200	1	111980	366
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S			1	111972	1027
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆			1	111968	4135
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂			1	111968	9895
Dufrénite ()*	Dufrénite	Ca_0.5Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₅(PO₄)₄(OH)₆·2H₂O			1	111968	139
Edenite ()*	Amphibole	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂			1	111984	160
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			2	111968,111976	8173
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F			1	111968	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂			2	111972,111977	9617
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS			2	111970,111971	24243
Gold ()*	Copper	Au			2	111967,111984	30554
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃			7	111967,111968,111972,111973,111976,111977,111984	14640
Hydroxylapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH			1	111968	367
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃			2	111968,111984	5433
Kotulskite ()*	Nickeline	Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)			1	111984	116
Linnaeite ()*	Spinel	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄			1	111984	249
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	2200	2200	7	111968,111972,111973,111976,111977,111980,111982	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	2200	2200	4	111967,111972,111976,111980	12537
Marialite ()*	Scapolite	Na₄Al₃Si₉O₂₄Cl			1	111984	139
Melonite ()*	Melonite	NiTe₂			1	111984	207
Merenskyite ()*	Melonite	PdTe₂			1	111984	155
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)			1	111968	4924
Millerite ()*	Millerite	NiS			1	111984	1066
Moncheite ()*	Melonite	Pt(Te,Bi)₂			1	111984	133
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			1	111982	17380
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈			1	111984	1512
Phosphosiderite ()*	Phosphosiderite	Fe³⁺(PO₄)·2H₂O			1	111968	182
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	2200	2200	6	111968,111970,111971,111979,111980,111982	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	2200	2200	5	111970,111971,111979,111980,111984	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂			6	111968,111972,111973,111976,111977,111979	61156
Rhodonite ()*	Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn(Si₅O₁₅)			1	111968	969
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂			2	111972,111984	5614
Siegenite ()*	Spinel	CoNi₂S₄			1	111984	249
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag			1	111976	5186
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	2200	2200	3	111970,111971,111980	21482
Strengite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(PO₄)·2H₂O			1	111968	263
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂			1	111968	3337
Temagamite ()*	None	Pd₃HgTe₃			1	111984	24
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO	2200	2200	1	111980	1101
Thaumasite ()*	Ettringite	Ca₃Si(OH)₆(CO₃)(SO₄)·12H₂O	2200	2200	1	111980	183
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O			3	111968,111972,111984	4899
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂			2	111970,111971	2718
Violarite ()*	Spinel	FeNi₂S₄			1	111984	380
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)			1	111968	5251
Zoisite ()*	Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	111976	1025

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	vms-00955	2200	2200	Proterozoic										S	10618	Viscaria Mine, Kiruna Town, Kiruna, Norrbotten County, Sweden	Viscaria	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009_1034

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...