Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Kiruna, Norrbotten County, Sweden

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2200
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1930

mindat Locality ID: 304378
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-304378.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kiruna, Norrbotten County, Sweden": 54
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 46

Number of Child Localities: 4
Child Localities:
Björkstugan
Kiruna District
Kiruna Town
Lannavaara

Latitude: 68°4'8"N
Longitude: 20°1'19"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 68.068888888889,20.021944444444
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H Hg K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb Pd Pt S Si Te Ti U Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllaniteAllophaneAluniteAmphiboleApatiteAragoniteArseniosideriteArsenopyriteArthuriteBaryte
BerauniteCalcioferriteCalciteChalcoalumiteChalcopyriteChloriteClayClinozoisiteCopperCorundum
CovelliteDevillineDigeniteDufréniteEpidoteEttringiteFeldsparFluoriteGarnetGypsum
KaoliniteMalachiteMeloniteMicaMilleriteMolybdeniteNatroliteNickelineNoneNot in a structural group
PentlanditePhosphosideritePrehnitePyritePyroxeneQuartzRhodoniteRockbridgeiteRocksaltRutile
ScapoliteSerpentineSphaleriteSpinelStilbiteStrunziteTalcTitaniteVivianiteWavellite
Zircon

102 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Almandine  (*)Anatase  (*)
Andradite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Annite  (*)Antigorite  (*)
Aragonite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Augite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Beraunite  (*)Bermanite  (*)Bornite  (*)Cacoxenite  (*)Calaverite  (*)
Calcite  (*)Chalcoalumite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chamosite  (*)
Chrysocolla  (*)Chrysotile  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)
Crandallite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Devilline  (*)Digenite  (*)Diopside  (*)
Dolomite  (*)Dufrénite  (*)Edenite  (*)Epidote  (*)Erythrite  (*)
Ferro-hornblende  (*)Ferro-tschermakite  (*)Ferrostrunzite  (*)Fluellite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)
Fluorite  (*)Frondelite  (*)Galena  (*)Gold  (*)Graphite  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hydroxylapatite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)
Kaolinite  (*)Kidwellite  (*)Kotulskite  (*)Laumontite  (*)Linnaeite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marialite  (*)Melonite  (*)Merenskyite  (*)
Microcline  (*)Millerite  (*)Mitridatite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Moncheite  (*)
Montgomeryite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Natrolite  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Phosphosiderite  (*)
Prehnite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhodonite  (*)
Rockbridgeite  (*)Rutile  (*)Scolecite  (*)Siegenite  (*)Silver  (*)
Sphalerite  (*)Stellerite  (*)Strengite  (*)Sylvite  (*)Talc  (*)
Temagamite  (*)Tenorite  (*)Thaumasite  (*)Tinticite  (*)Titanite  (*)
Tremolite  (*)Uraninite  (*)Variscite  (*)Violarite  (*)Wavellite  (*)
Zircon  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2193019305111952,111955,111959,111968,1119723419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)193019306111938,111943,111952,111955,111968,1119738803
Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Allanite EpidoteCaCe(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1111972706
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)311119372353
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO211119792162
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)32111959,1119681534
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)11119681588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2193019303111938,111952,1119733092
Annite  (*)Mica ClayKFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)21111968356
Antigorite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)41111968708
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)2200220011119653250
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS3111959,111970,1119719052
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O611119452060
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2220019306111942,111945,111952,111959,111976,1119805509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)220022004111960,111967,111972,11198011547
Beraunite  (*)BerauniteFe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O2111960,111968136
Bermanite  (*)ArthuriteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O111196055
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS46111946,111948,111959,111970,111972,1119765516
Cacoxenite  (*)NoneFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O2111960,111968280
Calaverite  (*)MeloniteAuTe21111984361
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)2200193014111950,111952,111954,111955,111958,111959,111960,111968,111972,111976,111977,111979,111980,11198227770
Chalcoalumite  (*)ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O22002200111198091
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S193019306111948,111952,111959,111970,111972,1119765707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS22200193014111942,111946,111948,111952,111955,111959,111968,111970,111971,111972,111976,111977,111979,11198027198
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8193019301111952577
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O220019309111945,111952,111959,111960,111967,111968,111972,111976,1119803531
Chrysotile  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4193019301111952951
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)81930193011119521756
Copper  (*)CopperCu220019304111952,111955,111959,1119803846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS193019302111952,1119594165
Crandallite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)61111960310
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O220019304111942,111952,111968,1119802970
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O220019302111952,111980366
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S11119721027
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O64111939,111959,111960,1119684135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2193019302111952,1119689895
Dufrénite  (*)DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O2111960,111968139
Edenite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)21111984160
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)193019307111943,111952,111955,111959,111960,111968,1119768173
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O1111959814
Ferro-hornblende  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)21111960271
Ferro-tschermakite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)219301930111195227
Ferrostrunzite  (*)StrunziteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O111196019
Fluellite  (*)NoneAl2(PO4)F2(OH)·7H2O111196040
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F193019303111952,111960,1119682740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF22111972,1119779617
Frondelite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Mn2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5111196052
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS3111945,111970,11197124243
Gold  (*)CopperAu193019304111952,111959,111967,11198430554
Graphite  (*)NoneC1930193011119522812
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O11119606890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl1930193011119521398
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O31930193016111938,111941,111950,111952,111954,111955,111959,111960,111962,111967,111968,111972,111973,111976,111977,11198414640
Hydroxylapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3OH1111968367
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O3193019303111952,111968,1119845433
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)411119595591
Kidwellite  (*)NoneNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11·3H2O (x ≈ 0.33)111196053
Kotulskite  (*)NickelinePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)1111984116
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O11119601271
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S41111984249
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O42200193021111938,111939,111941,111945,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954,111955,111959,111960,111962,111968,111972,111973,111976,111977,111980,111982,11198814899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2220019308111942,111952,111955,111959,111967,111972,111976,11198012537
Marialite  (*)ScapoliteNa4Al3Si9O24Cl193019302111952,111984139
Melonite  (*)MeloniteNiTe21111984207
Merenskyite  (*)MelonitePdTe21111984155
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)2111960,1119684924
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS11119841066
Mitridatite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O1111960129
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS22111955,1119595800
Moncheite  (*)MelonitePt(Te,Bi)21111984133
Montgomeryite  (*)CalcioferriteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O111196044
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2193019303111952,111955,11198217380
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O11119601236
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S811119841512
Phosphosiderite  (*)PhosphosideriteFe3+(PO4)·2H2O1111968182
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)22111943,1119601898
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS22200193011111939,111946,111952,111955,111959,111968,111970,111971,111979,111980,11198239462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8220019308111939,111952,111955,111970,111971,111979,111980,1119849056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO21930193014111938,111943,111945,111948,111952,111954,111955,111960,111968,111972,111973,111976,111977,11197961156
Rhodonite  (*)RhodoniteCaMn3Mn(Si5O15)1111968969
Rockbridgeite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)51111960206
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO2193019303111952,111972,1119845614
Scolecite  (*)NatroliteCa(Si3Al2)O10·3H2O1111960390
Siegenite  (*)SpinelCoNi2S41111984249
Silver  (*)CopperAg11119765186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS220019304111952,111970,111971,11198021482
Stellerite  (*)StilbiteCa4(Si28Al8)O72·28H2O1111959189
Strengite  (*)NoneFe3+(PO4)·2H2O2111960,111968263
Sylvite  (*)RocksaltKCl193019301111952275
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2193019302111952,1119683337
Temagamite  (*)NonePd3HgTe3111198424
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO220019302111952,1119801101
Thaumasite  (*)EttringiteCa3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O220022001111980183
Tinticite  (*)NoneFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3·3H2O111196019
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O7111945,111946,111955,111960,111968,111972,1119844899
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2193019303111943,111952,1119552562
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO22111970,1119712718
Variscite  (*)NoneAl(PO4)·2H2O1111960301
Violarite  (*)SpinelFeNi2S41111984380
Wavellite  (*)WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O1111960374
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)11119685251
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)11119761025


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
vms-0094019301930Proterozoic       S10617Pahtohavare Cu-Au Deposit, Kiruna District, Kiruna, Norrbotten County, SwedenPahtohavareMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
vms-0095522002200Proterozoic       S10618Viscaria Mine, Kiruna Town, Kiruna, Norrbotten County, SwedenViscariaMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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