Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 56
Youngest recorded age at locality: 22.25

mindat Locality ID: 53934
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-53934.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USA": 90
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 64

Number of Child Localities: 20
Child Localities:
Abe Reed Mine (Abe Reid Mine; Rutledge Mine; Rawhide Group; Ross And Rawhide Group)
America Mine (Mickey Mine; Aravaipa Extension Mine)
Aravaipa
Black Rock Canyon
Brushy Claims
Buford Canyon
Buford Hill
Copper Crank Mine
Crystal Peak
Dos Amigos Mine
Goodwin Wash
Imperial Mountain
Jackson Mountain
Klondyke
Lone Cedar Mesa
Lucky Strike No. 1 Prospect (Sky High Claim; Rhyolite Dike Outcrop Zeolite Occurrence)
Moss Claims
Orejana Mine (Orejana Adit; Unpatented Claim Sabre; Sabre Mining Co. Property; Oriana Mine)
Pinnicle Ridge Area
San Carlos Iron Prospect (Turnbull Mountain Prospect)

Latitude: 32°56'35"N
Longitude: 110°13'16"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 32.943055555556,-110.22111111111
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi Br C Ca Cl Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na O P Pb S Sb Si V W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Au Fe H O Si Zr 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAllophaneAluniteAmphiboleApatiteAragoniteAravaipaiteAxiniteBaryteBraunite
BrochantiteCalciteCaledoniteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteCopperCorundumCovellite
DescloiziteDevillineDiasporeEpidoteEpsomiteEttringiteFluoriteGarnetGypsumHopeite
IlvaiteLinariteMalachiteMicaMiniumNoneNot in a structural groupPyritePyroxeneQuartz
RhodoniteRocksaltScheeliteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelTetrahedriteZircon

84 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Actinolite  (*)Andradite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Ankerite  (*)
Antlerite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Aravaipaite  (*)Artroeite  (*)Axinite-(Mn)  (*)
Azurite  (*)Babingtonite  (*)Baryte  (*)Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)Bonattite  (*)
Braunite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Bromargyrite  (*)Calcioaravaipaite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Caledonite  (*)Cannizzarite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)
Chalcopyrite  (*)Chlorargyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Cosalite  (*)Covellite  (*)
Creedite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Descloizite  (*)Devilline  (*)Diopside  (*)
Epidote  (*)Fluorite  (*)Galena  (*)Gearksutite  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gold  (*)Goslarite  (*)Grandreefite  (*)Grunerite  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Hedenbergite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hopeite  (*)Hydrocerussite  (*)Ilvaite  (*)
Johannsenite  (*)Kutnohorite  (*)Laurelite  (*)Leadhillite  (*)Linarite  (*)
Litharge  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Manganbabingtonite  (*)Massicot  (*)
Mimetite  (*)Minium  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nekoite  (*)
Pinalite  (*)Plumbogummite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Polylithionite  (*)Prosopite  (*)
Pseudograndreefite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Quartz  (*)Scotlandite  (*)
Shannonite  (*)Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Tenorite  (*)
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Thaumasite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S5633.94139282,139308,139348,1393492793
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)25633.911393083419
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)35633.911393061534
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)5633.912139277,139282,139289,139290,139301,139304,139312,139348,139349,139353,139355,1393622734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)25633.911393223092
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)45633.91139349246
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)5633.911393063250
Aravaipaite  (*)AravaipaitePb3AlF9·H2O5633.911393491
Artroeite  (*)NonePbAlF3(OH)25633.911393493
Axinite-(Mn)  (*)AxiniteCa4Mn2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)25633.9113930688
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)25633.93139340,139349,1393525509
Babingtonite  (*)RhodoniteCa2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)5633.91139307161
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)5633.95139308,139340,139349,139350,13935411547
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)AlunitePb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)65633.91139349132
Bonattite  (*)NoneCu(SO4)·3H2O5633.9113934921
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)5633.91139349483
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)65633.911393491633
Bromargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgBr5633.92139349,139362227
Calcioaravaipaite  (*)AravaipaitePbCa2AlF95633.911393492
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)5633.97139285,139297,139298,139306,139308,139310,13935527770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)65633.91139349359
Cannizzarite  (*)NonePb8Bi10S235633.9113930541
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)5633.93139281,139348,1393494979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O5633.92139285,139349925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S5633.96139277,139297,139301,139306,139338,1393555707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS25633.914139277,139282,139285,139288,139296,139297,139304,139306,139308,139310,139338,139349,139355,13936227198
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl5633.93139301,139349,1393621382
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O5622.2515139277,139283,139289,139290,139297,139320,139324,139340,139348,139349,139351,139352,139356,139357,1393623531
Cosalite  (*)NonePb2Bi2S55633.91139308344
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS5633.93139306,139308,1393494165
Creedite  (*)NoneCa3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O5633.92139306,13934948
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O5633.92139308,1393492970
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)5633.91139349378
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O5633.91139349366
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O65633.911393084135
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)5633.95139285,139306,139308,139340,1393518173
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF25633.913139289,139297,139301,139305,139306,139308,139310,139340,139348,139349,139350,139355,1393629617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS5633.926139277,139281,139282,139283,139288,139289,139291,139293,139294,139297,139301,139304,139306,139308,139310,139312,139315,139318,139321,139322,139348,139349,139350,139353,139355,13936224243
Gearksutite  (*)NoneCaAlF4(OH)·H2O5633.9113934968
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)5633.911393497437
Gold  (*)CopperAu23.3522.25030554
Goslarite  (*)EpsomiteZn(SO4)·7H2O5633.91139349188
Grandreefite  (*)NonePb2(SO4)F25633.911393492
Grunerite  (*)Amphibole   Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)223.3522.250223
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O5633.911393066890
Hedenbergite  (*)PyroxeneCaFe2+Si2O65633.92139305,139306741
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O35622.2513139285,139289,139306,139308,139310,139314,139320,139324,139338,139349,139350,139351,13935514640
Hopeite  (*)HopeiteZn3(PO4)2·4H2O5633.9113930629
Hydrocerussite  (*)NonePb3(CO3)2(OH)25633.91139349201
Ilvaite  (*)IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe2+2O(Si2O7)(OH)5633.91139306197
Johannsenite  (*)PyroxeneCaMnSi2O65633.9113930673
Kutnohorite  (*)NoneCaMn2+(CO3)25633.91139306234
Laurelite  (*)NonePb7F12Cl25633.911393493
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)25633.91139349265
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)25633.92139349,139355987
Litharge  (*)NonePbO5633.91139349139
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O45633.92139306,13930814899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)25633.915139283,139289,139296,139297,139301,139308,139310,139340,139341,139348,139349,139351,139352,139357,13936212537
Manganbabingtonite  (*)RhodoniteCa2Mn2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)5633.92139306,1393086
Massicot  (*)NonePbO5633.92139348,139349202
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl5633.911393491107
Minium  (*)MiniumPb2+2Pb4+O45633.91139349247
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O5633.911393491508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)25633.9113934917380
Nekoite  (*)NoneCa3Si6O15·7H2O5633.911393068
Pinalite  (*)NonePb3(WO4)OCl25633.911393492
Plumbogummite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)65633.91139349170
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)65633.93139348,139349,139353477
Polylithionite  (*)MicaKLi2AlSi4O10F25633.92139307,13930889
Prosopite  (*)NoneCaAl2F4(OH)45633.9113934939
Pseudograndreefite  (*)NonePb6(SO4)F105633.911393491
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS25633.912139281,139285,139288,139289,139304,139306,139308,139315,139322,139338,139340,13934939462
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl5633.911392891725
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO25633.914139283,139289,139290,139298,139301,139305,139306,139321,139332,139340,139348,139349,139355,13936261156
Scotlandite  (*)NonePb(S4+O3)5633.9113934925
Shannonite  (*)NonePb2O(CO3)5633.911393498
Silver  (*)CopperAg5633.911393495186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)5633.911392882473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS5633.913139281,139282,139288,139289,139298,139304,139306,139308,139310,139315,139322,139349,13935521482
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO5633.911392851101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S135633.911393495317
Thaumasite  (*)EttringiteCa3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O5633.91139306183
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO45633.98139283,139289,139290,139297,139304,139348,139349,1393531655
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)23.3522.2505251


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
sedznpb-004435633.9Eocene?     Yes  29785Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAAravaipaSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 
Giersdorf_0000040023.3522.2522.8±0.55K-Ar  UAKA-75-21    131721Unnamed Copper Prospect (22), Black Rock Canyon, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USABlack Rock CanyonShafiqullah et al. (1980) AGSD12_201 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
FKM-143Iron Cap Mine, Landsman Camp (Landsman Group), Aravaipa, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://www.rockptx.com/fkm-126-to-fkm-150/#FKM-143
R060093Iron Cap Mine, Landsman Camp (Landsman Group), Aravaipa, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R060093
R050222Iron Cap Mine, Landsman Camp (Landsman Group), Aravaipa, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R050222
R050202Iron Cap Mine, Landsman Camp (Landsman Group), Aravaipa, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R050202
R100004Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100004
R100032Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100032
R100034Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100034
R070424Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R070424
R100033Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100033
R100012Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100012
R100011Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100011
R100035Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100035
R050668Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R050668
R100006Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100006
R100043Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100043

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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