Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 56
Youngest recorded age at locality: 33.9

mindat Locality ID: 31652
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-31652.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USA": 16
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 13

Number of Child Localities: 11
Child Localities:
Brittle Rock Prospect
Buford Canyon
Grand Reef Mountain
Junction Prospect (Junction Claim; Patented Claims MS 1760)
La Clede Mine (Laclede Mine)
Red Crystal Mine
Silver Coin Mine (Quinn Mine; Silver Coin Extension Mine; Aravaipa Leasing Co. Property; Verdun Mining Co. Property)
South Of Klondyke
Ten Strike Mine (Tenstrike Mine; Ten Strike Group; Stone And Dempsey; Klondyke Mining Co.; Lone Pine Lead; Cassidy And Rubal)
Unnamed Copper Prospect (14)
Unnamed Copper Prospect (16)

Latitude: 32°52'6"N
Longitude: 110°18'8"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 32.868333333333,-110.30222222222

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba Br C Ca Cl Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na O P Pb S Sb Si V W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAllophaneAluniteApatiteAragoniteAravaipaiteBaryteBrauniteBrochantiteCalcite
CaledoniteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteCopperCorundumCovelliteDescloiziteDevilline
DiasporeEpidoteEpsomiteFluoriteLinariteMalachiteMicaMiniumNoneNot in a structural group
PyriteQuartzRocksaltScheeliteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteTetrahedrite

58 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Antlerite  (*)Aravaipaite  (*)Artroeite  (*)
Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)Bonattite  (*)Braunite  (*)
Brochantite  (*)Bromargyrite  (*)Calcioaravaipaite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caledonite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chlorargyrite  (*)
Chrysocolla  (*)Covellite  (*)Creedite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Descloizite  (*)
Devilline  (*)Epidote  (*)Fluorite  (*)Galena  (*)Gearksutite  (*)
Goethite  (*)Goslarite  (*)Grandreefite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hydrocerussite  (*)
Laurelite  (*)Leadhillite  (*)Linarite  (*)Litharge  (*)Malachite  (*)
Massicot  (*)Mimetite  (*)Minium  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Pinalite  (*)Plumbogummite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Prosopite  (*)Pseudograndreefite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Quartz  (*)Scotlandite  (*)Shannonite  (*)Silver  (*)
Sphalerite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Wulfenite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S5633.92139348,1393492793
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)5633.94139348,139349,139353,1393552734
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)45633.91139349246
Aravaipaite  (*)AravaipaitePb3AlF9·H2O5633.911393491
Artroeite  (*)NonePbAlF3(OH)25633.911393493
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)25633.92139349,1393525509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)5633.93139349,139350,13935411547
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)AlunitePb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)65633.91139349132
Bonattite  (*)NoneCu(SO4)·3H2O5633.9113934921
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)5633.91139349483
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)65633.911393491633
Bromargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgBr5633.91139349227
Calcioaravaipaite  (*)AravaipaitePbCa2AlF95633.911393492
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)5633.9113935527770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)65633.91139349359
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)5633.92139348,1393494979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O5633.91139349925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S5633.911393555707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS25633.92139349,13935527198
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl5633.911393491382
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O5633.96139348,139349,139351,139352,139356,1393573531
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS5633.911393494165
Creedite  (*)NoneCa3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O5633.9113934948
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O5633.911393492970
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)5633.91139349378
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O5633.91139349366
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)5633.911393518173
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF25633.94139348,139349,139350,1393559617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS5633.95139348,139349,139350,139353,13935524243
Gearksutite  (*)NoneCaAlF4(OH)·H2O5633.9113934968
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)5633.911393497437
Goslarite  (*)EpsomiteZn(SO4)·7H2O5633.91139349188
Grandreefite  (*)NonePb2(SO4)F25633.911393492
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O35633.94139349,139350,139351,13935514640
Hydrocerussite  (*)NonePb3(CO3)2(OH)25633.91139349201
Laurelite  (*)NonePb7F12Cl25633.911393493
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)25633.91139349265
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)25633.92139349,139355987
Litharge  (*)NonePbO5633.91139349139
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)25633.95139348,139349,139351,139352,13935712537
Massicot  (*)NonePbO5633.92139348,139349202
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl5633.911393491107
Minium  (*)MiniumPb2+2Pb4+O45633.91139349247
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O5633.911393491508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)25633.9113934917380
Pinalite  (*)NonePb3(WO4)OCl25633.911393492
Plumbogummite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)65633.91139349170
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)65633.93139348,139349,139353477
Prosopite  (*)NoneCaAl2F4(OH)45633.9113934939
Pseudograndreefite  (*)NonePb6(SO4)F105633.911393491
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS25633.9113934939462
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO25633.93139348,139349,13935561156
Scotlandite  (*)NonePb(S4+O3)5633.9113934925
Shannonite  (*)NonePb2O(CO3)5633.911393498
Silver  (*)CopperAg5633.911393495186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS5633.92139349,13935521482
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S135633.911393495317
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO45633.93139348,139349,1393531655



1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
sedznpb-004435633.9Eocene?     Yes  29785Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAAravaipaSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 


SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R100004Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100004
R100032Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100032
R100034Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100034
R070424Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R070424
R100033Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100033
R100012Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100012
R100011Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100011
R100035Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100035
R050668Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R050668
R100006Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100006
R100043Grand Reef Mine (Aravaipa Mine; Lead Jewel; Joe Rubal Mine; Vivian Mine; Calistoga Mining & Development Co. Mine; Bringham Silver And Lead Mine), Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100043


All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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