Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 161
Youngest recorded age at locality: 16

mindat Locality ID: 31426
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-31426.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USA": 65
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 55

Number of Child Localities: 6
Child Localities:
Aguila District
Big Horn Copper Prospect
Big Horn District
Black Hawk Mine
Osborn District
Unnamed Prospect

Latitude: 33°46'10"N
Longitude: 113°10'23"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 33.769444444444,-113.17305555556
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba C Ca Cd Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo N Na O P Pb S Sb Se Si Ti U V Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAjoiteAllophaneAluniteApatiteAragoniteAtacamiteBaryteBrackebuschiteBrochantite
CalciteCaledoniteCerchiaraiteChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCovellite
DescloiziteDiasporeEpidoteFluoriteFornaciteGypsumIraniteKaoliniteLinariteMalachite
MicaMiniumMonaziteMordeniteMurdochiteNoneNot in a structural groupPerovskitePhenakitePlancheite
PyritePyrochloreQuartzRocksaltRutileScheeliteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelWickenburgite
WollastoniteWurtziteZircon

107 IMA Minerals at location:
Ajoite  (*)Alamosite  (*)Allophane  (*)Anglesite  (*)Arsendescloizite  (*)
Arsentsumebite  (*)Ashburtonite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Bechererite  (*)Beudantite  (*)Bindheimite  (*)Boleite  (*)Bornite  (*)
Botallackite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Calderónite  (*)Caledonite  (*)
Carnotite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophanite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)
Chlorargyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clinoatacamite  (*)Coronadite  (*)Covellite  (*)
Creaseyite  (*)Crocoite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Cumengeite  (*)Descloizite  (*)
Diaboleite  (*)Duftite  (*)Epidote  (*)Fluorite  (*)Fornacite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gerhardtite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Greenockite  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemihedrite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Herbertsmithite  (*)
Hydrocerussite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Iranite  (*)Jarosite  (*)
Kamitugaite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Lanarkite  (*)Laumontite  (*)Lavendulan  (*)
Leadhillite  (*)Linarite  (*)Litharge  (*)Macphersonite  (*)Magnetite  (*)
Malachite  (*)Manganite  (*)Maricopaite  (*)Massicot  (*)Mattheddleite  (*)
Mimetite  (*)Minium  (*)Molybdofornacite  (*)Munakataite  (*)Murdochite  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Paralaurionite  (*)Paratacamite  (*)Phoenicochroite  (*)Phosgenite  (*)
Phosphohedyphane  (*)Plancheite  (*)Plattnerite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrolusite  (*)Quartz  (*)Raygrantite  (*)Rongibbsite  (*)Rosasite  (*)
Saponite  (*)Scotlandite  (*)Shannonite  (*)Shattuckite  (*)Silver  (*)
Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Tenorite  (*)Vanadinite  (*)Vauquelinite  (*)
Wherryite  (*)Wickenburgite  (*)Willemite  (*)Wollastonite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)
Zincite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Ajoite  (*)AjoiteK3Cu2+20Al3Si29O76(OH)16·8H2O114084511
Alamosite  (*)Not in a structural groupPbSiO32116114085417
Allophane  (*)AllophaneAl2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O21161140854470
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)21163140845,140854,1408552734
Arsendescloizite  (*)AdelitePbZn(AsO4)(OH)2116114085520
Arsentsumebite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)2116114085537
Ashburtonite  (*)CerchiaraiteHCu4Pb4Si4O12(HCO3)4(OH)4Cl211611408553
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)621161140855919
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2211611408555509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)21164140796,140818,140839,14085511547
Bechererite  (*)NoneZn7Cu(OH)13[SiO(OH)3(SO4)]2116114085516
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)61140845413
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O721161140854450
Boleite  (*)NoneKAg9Pb26Cu24Cl62(OH)482116114085565
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4211611408515516
Botallackite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)32116114085549
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)621162140852,1408551633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)1611623140794,140796,140797,140798,140799,140800,140801,140803,140806,140808,140809,140810,140814,140816,140818,140819,140820,140836,140842,140852,140854,140855,14085627770
Calderónite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH)2116114085429
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)621162140854,140855359
Carnotite  (*)NoneK2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O11408261184
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)21166140845,140851,140852,140854,140855,1408564979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S211611408555707
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O21161140855197
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS221164140818,140851,140852,14085527198
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl21162140854,1408551382
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O21166140823,140843,140852,140854,140855,1408563531
Clinoatacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)32116114085543
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O1621161140855227
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS211611408554165
Creaseyite  (*)NoneCu2Pb2Fe3+2Si5O17·6H2O21163140854,140855,14085627
Crocoite  (*)Monazite BarytePb(CrO4)114084581
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O1621161140855599
Cumengeite  (*)NonePb21Cu20Cl42(OH)40·6H2O2116114085543
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)21162140845,140855378
Diaboleite  (*)PerovskiteCuPb2Cl2(OH)421162140854,14085557
Duftite  (*)AdelitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)21162140845,140854220
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)21162140811,1408558173
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF221164140818,140845,140851,1408549617
Fornacite  (*)FornaciteCuPb2(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)21163140845,140854,14085685
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS21166140818,140845,140851,140852,140854,14085524243
Gerhardtite  (*)NoneCu2(NO3)(OH)32116114085524
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)211611408557437
Gold  (*)CopperAu21163140824,140855,14085630554
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS21161140855717
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O21162140826,1408556890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O321166140833,140842,140852,140854,140855,14085614640
Hemihedrite  (*)IraniteZnPb10(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)221162140845,14085214
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O211611408551689
Herbertsmithite  (*)AtacamiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl22116114085521
Hydrocerussite  (*)NonePb3(CO3)2(OH)221161140854201
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)6211611408551066
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O32140822,1408285433
Iranite  (*)IraniteCuPb10(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)22116114085411
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6211611408552228
Kamitugaite  (*)NonePbAl(UO2)5(PO4)3O2(OH)2(H2O)11.5211611408542
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)411408185591
Lanarkite  (*)NonePb2O(SO4)2116114085497
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O21163140845,140851,1408561271
Lavendulan  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O21161140854149
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)221162140854,140855265
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)221161140855987
Litharge  (*)NonePbO21161140855139
Macphersonite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2114084511
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4114082214899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)221163140843,140851,14085512537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)18140792,140793,140796,140797,140798,140799,140801,140806,140807,140808,140809,140810,140812,140814,140816,140820,140838,140842770
Maricopaite  (*)MordeniteCa2Pb7(Si36Al12)O99·n(H2O,OH)11408451
Massicot  (*)NonePbO21163140845,140854,140855202
Mattheddleite  (*)ApatitePb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl2116114085432
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl21165140845,140852,140854,140855,1408561107
Minium  (*)MiniumPb2+2Pb4+O421163140845,140854,140855247
Molybdofornacite  (*)FornaciteCuPb2(MoO4)(AsO4)(OH)21162140845,14085517
Munakataite  (*)LinaritePb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(SO4)(OH)42116114085522
Murdochite  (*)MurdochiteCu12Pb2O15Cl221163140854,140855,14085634
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2114083317380
Paralaurionite  (*)NonePbCl(OH)2116114085546
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)621161140855158
Phoenicochroite  (*)NonePb2O(CrO4)21164140845,140852,140854,14085635
Phosgenite  (*)NonePb2(CO3)Cl221161140855142
Phosphohedyphane  (*)ApatiteCa2Pb3(PO4)3Cl2116114085571
Plancheite  (*)PlancheiteCu8(Si4O11)2(OH)4·H2O114082374
Plattnerite  (*)RutilePbO221161140855158
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)621161140855477
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS221163140811,140833,14085539462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO216116124140792,140793,140794,140795,140796,140797,140798,140799,140800,140801,140802,140803,140806,140807,140808,140809,140810,140812,140814,140816,140820,140836,140838,1408423106
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2211610140803,140806,140818,140819,140826,140836,140852,140854,140855,14085661156
Raygrantite  (*)IranitePb10Zn(SO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2211611408541
Rongibbsite  (*)Not in a structural groupPb2(Si4Al)O11(OH)11408561
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)221161140855454
Saponite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O21161140855301
Scotlandite  (*)NonePb(S4+O3)2116114085425
Shannonite  (*)NonePb2O(CO3)211611408558
Shattuckite  (*)NoneCu5(SiO3)4(OH)221164140845,140851,140854,14085671
Silver  (*)CopperAg211611408545186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)211611408552473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS21162140818,14085521482
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO211611408541101
Vanadinite  (*)ApatitePb5(VO4)3Cl21161140855605
Vauquelinite  (*)NoneCuPb2(CrO4)(PO4)(OH)21162140845,14085563
Wherryite  (*)NonePb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2211611408549
Wickenburgite  (*)WickenburgitePb3CaAl2Si10O27·4H2O21163140845,140854,14085614
Willemite  (*)PhenakiteZn2SiO421163140845,140854,140855303
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO3211611408541247
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO421165140811,140818,140854,140855,1408561655
Zincite  (*)WurtziteZnO2116114085598
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)211611408555251


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Michelle_495Located on the slope of Belmont Mountain in the Big Horn Mountains, Tonopah-Belmont Mine consists of two major veins hosted in a suite of volcanic rocks. Primary mineralization was later oxidized to form a rich variety of lead, copper and zinc minerals.


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
podchrome-00022161161Middle Jurassic (161.13±0.11, 161.167±0.093 Ma, CA-TIMS, zircon in plagiogranite)       Cr44090Black Bart Mine (Black Bart Group Of Claims; Lucky Mine), Aguila District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USABlack Bart GroupMoiser et al. (2012) USGSSIR2012_5157 
Michelle_495211621-16StratigraphyAge of mineralization during period of volcanism and block tilting      3354Tonopah-Belmont Mine (East Vulture Mine; Belmont-McNeil Mine; Economy Mining Co. Mine), Belmont Mountain, Tonopah, Osborn District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USATonopah-Belmont MineGibbs and Ascher (2012)10.1080/00357529.2012.635946RM87_175Age of Belmont Mountain, mineralization occurred during a period of volcanism and block tilting. Primary mineralization of the productive veins were later oxidized to form a rich variety of lead, copper and zinc minerals.

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R120147Moon Anchor Mine (Aggravation Mine; East Vulture Mining Co. Mine), Hummingbird Spring, Osborn District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R120147
R140557Evening Star Mine (Silver Queen Mine; Old Queen Group), Tiger Wash, Belmont Mountain, Tonopah, Osborn District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R140557
R120151Evening Star Mine (Silver Queen Mine; Old Queen Group), Tiger Wash, Belmont Mountain, Tonopah, Osborn District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R120151
R110003Tonopah-Belmont Mine (East Vulture Mine; Belmont-McNeil Mine; Economy Mining Co. Mine), Belmont Mountain, Tonopah, Osborn District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R110003
R120082Tonopah-Belmont Mine (East Vulture Mine; Belmont-McNeil Mine; Economy Mining Co. Mine), Belmont Mountain, Tonopah, Osborn District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R120082
R110005Tonopah-Belmont Mine (East Vulture Mine; Belmont-McNeil Mine; Economy Mining Co. Mine), Belmont Mountain, Tonopah, Osborn District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R110005
R110006Tonopah-Belmont Mine (East Vulture Mine; Belmont-McNeil Mine; Economy Mining Co. Mine), Belmont Mountain, Tonopah, Osborn District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R110006
R070501Tonopah-Belmont Mine (East Vulture Mine; Belmont-McNeil Mine; Economy Mining Co. Mine), Belmont Mountain, Tonopah, Osborn District, Big Horn Mts, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R070501

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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