Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Lake Co., Minnesota, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2460.7
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1530.6

mindat Locality ID: 45255
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-45255.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Lake Co., Minnesota, USA": 31
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 22

Number of Child Localities: 13
Child Localities:
Beaver Bay
Castle Danger
Duluth Complex
Duluth Gabbro Occurrence
Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area
Gooseberry Falls State Park
Illgen City
Knife River
Lake And Cook County Anorthosite Occurrence
Northern Range
Silver Bay
Two Harbors
Vermilion Range

Latitude: 47°31'17"N
Longitude: 91°28'14"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 47.521388888889,-91.470555555556

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Amphibole	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Corundum	Covellite	Cubanite	Diaspore	Digenite
Epidote	Feldspar	Isomertieite	Mica	Millerite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Pentlandite	Prehnite
Pyrite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rocksalt	Serpentine	Smectite-vermiculite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Stilpnomelane	Talc
Thomsonite	Wurtzite

Actinolite ()*	Albite ()*	Anorthite ()*	Augite ()*	Bornite ()*
Braggite ()*	Calcite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chrysotile ()*
Covellite ()*	Cubanite ()*	Digenite ()*	Enstatite ()*	Epidote ()*
Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Graphite ()*	Hematite ()*	Ilmenite ()*
Isomertieite ()*	Laumontite ()*	Mackinawite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Millerite ()*
Muscovite ()*	Nickeline ()*	Pentlandite ()*	Pigeonite ()*	Prehnite ()*
Pyrite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Saponite ()*	Sperrylite ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Spinel ()*	Stilpnomelane ()*	Stistaite ()*	Talc ()*
Talnakhite ()*	Thomsonite-Ca ()*	Troilite ()*	Vincentite ()*

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As C Ca Cu Fe H K Mg Na Ni O Pb Pd Pt S Sb Si Sn Ti Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Amphibole Calcite Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite Corundum Covellite Cubanite Diaspore Digenite
Epidote Feldspar Isomertieite Mica Millerite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Pentlandite Prehnite
Pyrite Pyroxene Quartz Rocksalt Serpentine Smectite-vermiculite Sphalerite Spinel Stilpnomelane Talc
Thomsonite Wurtzite

44 IMA Minerals at location:

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	2	223523,223536	3419
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	3	223523,223534,223536	8803
Anorthite ()*	Feldspar	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	1	223536	1036
Augite ()*	Pyroxene	(Ca,Mg,Fe)₂Si₂O₆	4	223521,223523,223528,223536	2060
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	4	223523,223533,223534,223536	5516
Braggite ()*	None	PdPt₃S₄	1	223523	101
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	7	223525,223536,223538,223539,223540,223546,223548	27770
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	1	223534	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	5	223523,223528,223533,223534,223536	27198
Chrysotile ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	1	223536	951
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	1	223534	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	3	223533,223534,223536	802
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	3	223523,223534,223536	1027
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆	1	223536	944
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	2	223523,223536	8173
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	2	223523,223534	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	1	223523	7437
Graphite ()*	None	C	1	223536	2812
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	2	223523,223551	14640
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	4	223534,223536,223543,223544	5433
Isomertieite ()*	Isomertieite	Pd₁₁Sb₂As₂	1	223523	48
Laumontite ()*	Not in a structural group	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·4H₂O	4	223525,223539,223540,223548	1271
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)	1	223536	451
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	7	223523,223528,223534,223536,223543,223544,223551	14899
Millerite ()*	Millerite	NiS	1	223534	1066
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	2	223523,223534	17380
Nickeline ()*	Nickeline	NiAs	1	223534	633
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈	3	223533,223534,223536	1512
Pigeonite ()*	Pyroxene	(Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆	2	223521,223536	303
Prehnite ()*	Prehnite	Ca₂Al(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	5	223523,223534,223536,223540,223548	1898
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	3	223523,223534,223536	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	4	223523,223533,223534,223536	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	9	223523,223536,223537,223538,223545,223546,223547,223548,223549	61156
Saponite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Ca,Na)_0.3(Mg,Fe)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·4H₂O	1	223545	301
Sperrylite ()*	Pyrite	PtAs₂	2	223523,223534	337
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	2	223534,223536	21482
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄	1	223536	1934
Stilpnomelane ()*	Stilpnomelane Clay	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆·nH₂O	2	223523,223534	456
Stistaite ()*	Rocksalt	SnSb	1	223523	11
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	1	223523	3337
Talnakhite ()*	Chalcopyrite	Cu₉Fe₈S₁₆	2	223533,223534	35
Thomsonite-Ca ()*	Thomsonite	NaCa₂(Al₅Si₅)O₂₀·6H₂O	1	223538	452
Troilite ()*	None	FeS	1	223536	1044
Vincentite ()*	None	Pd₃As	1	223523	17

6 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Sample Source	Dated Mineral	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Reference	Reference ID
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00178_206_238	1995.5	1935.5	1965.5±30	206_238	zircon	Zircon	166722	Birch Lake Area Prospect, Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area, Lake Co., Minnesota, USA	USGS-U-Th-Pb	USGS-U-Th-Pb
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00178_207_206	2458.8	2434.8	2446.8±12	207_206	zircon	Zircon	166722	Birch Lake Area Prospect, Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area, Lake Co., Minnesota, USA	USGS-U-Th-Pb	USGS-U-Th-Pb
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00178_207_235	2246.9	2174.9	2210.9±36	207_235	zircon	Zircon	166722	Birch Lake Area Prospect, Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area, Lake Co., Minnesota, USA	USGS-U-Th-Pb	USGS-U-Th-Pb
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00179_206_238	1576.6	1530.6	1553.6±23	206_238	zircon	Zircon	166722	Birch Lake Area Prospect, Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area, Lake Co., Minnesota, USA	USGS-U-Th-Pb	USGS-U-Th-Pb
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00179_207_206	2460.7	2436.7	2448.7±12	207_206	zircon	Zircon	166722	Birch Lake Area Prospect, Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area, Lake Co., Minnesota, USA	USGS-U-Th-Pb	USGS-U-Th-Pb
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00179_207_235	2006	1942	1974±32	207_235	zircon	Zircon	166722	Birch Lake Area Prospect, Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area, Lake Co., Minnesota, USA	USGS-U-Th-Pb	USGS-U-Th-Pb

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...