Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
North-East District, Botswana

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2700
Youngest recorded age at locality: 900

mindat Locality ID: 123169
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-123169.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "North-East District, Botswana": 17
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 14

Number of Child Localities: 5
Child Localities:
Francistown District
Halfway Kop
Nata
Tutume District
Vumba Hills

Latitude: 20°48'38"S
Longitude: 26°50'43"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -20.810555555556,26.845277777778

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Alunite	Amphibole	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Cobaltite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite
Diaspore	Dumortierite	Epidote	Feldspar	Marcasite	Melonite	Mica	Molybdenite	Nickeline	None
Not in a structural group	Pentlandite	Pyrite	Quartz	Rocksalt	Sphalerite	Spinel	Ullmannite

Albite ()*	Altaite ()*	Argentopentlandite ()*	Bornite ()*	Calcite ()*
Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Cobaltite ()*	Covellite ()*	Dumortierite ()*
Epidote ()*	Galena ()*	Gedrite ()*	Goethite ()*	Gold ()*
Graphite ()*	Hematite ()*	Hessite ()*	Hollingworthite ()*	Ilmenite ()*
Kotulskite ()*	Kyanite ()*	Magnesite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Marcasite ()*
Melonite ()*	Merenskyite ()*	Michenerite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Muscovite ()*
Natroalunite ()*	Natrojarosite ()*	Pentlandite ()*	Preiswerkite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rheniite ()*	Smythite ()*	Sperrylite ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Spinel ()*	Violarite ()*

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Bi C Ca Co Cu Fe H K Mg Mo Na Ni O Pb Pd Pt Re Rh S Si Te Ti Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: C Mg O

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Alunite Amphibole Calcite Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite Cobaltite Copper Corundum Covellite
Diaspore Dumortierite Epidote Feldspar Marcasite Melonite Mica Molybdenite Nickeline None
Not in a structural group Pentlandite Pyrite Quartz Rocksalt Sphalerite Spinel Ullmannite

43 IMA Minerals at location:

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)			1	26875	8803
Altaite ()*	Rocksalt	PbTe			1	26875	489
Argentopentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈			1	26875	67
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	900	900	1	26887	5516
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	2700	2500	1	26878	27770
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	900	900	2	26886,26887	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	2700	900	8	26875,26877,26878,26879,26881,26882,26886,26887	27198
Cobaltite ()*	Cobaltite	CoAsS			1	26882	966
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	2700	2500	1	26878	4165
Dumortierite ()*	Dumortierite	AlAl₆BSi₃O₁₈			1	26883	231
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	26875	8173
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	900	900	3	26875,26882,26887	24243
Gedrite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂	2700	2500	1	26878	178
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	2700	2500	1	26878	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au			4	26873,26874,26875,26882	30554
Graphite ()*	None	C	1942	900	1	26886	2812
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	2700	2500	1	26878	14640
Hessite ()*	None	Ag₂Te			2	26875,26882	804
Hollingworthite ()*	Ullmannite	RhAsS			1	26875	119
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	2700	2500	1	26878	5433
Kotulskite ()*	Nickeline	Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)			1	26882	116
Kyanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂OSiO₄			1	26883	1507
Magnesite ()*	Calcite	Mg(CO₃)	2700	900	0		1487
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	2700	2500	4	26877,26878,26879,26881	14899
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	2700	2500	1	26878	5674
Melonite ()*	Melonite	NiTe₂			1	26882	207
Merenskyite ()*	Melonite	PdTe₂			1	26875	155
Michenerite ()*	Ullmannite	PdBiTe			1	26882	114
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂			1	26875	5800
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			2	26875,26881	17380
Natroalunite ()*	Alunite	NaAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	2700	2500	1	26878	128
Natrojarosite ()*	Alunite	NaFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	2700	2500	1	26878	254
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈	2700	2500	6	26875,26877,26878,26879,26881,26882	1512
Preiswerkite ()*	Mica	NaAlMg₂(Si₂Al₂)O₁₀(OH)₂			1	26888	14
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	2700	900	4	26878,26881,26882,26887	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	2700	2500	6	26875,26877,26878,26879,26881,26882	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	2700	2500	2	26875,26878	61156
Rheniite ()*	None	ReS₂			1	26875	8
Smythite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_3+xS₄ (x ≈ 0-0.3)	2700	2500	1	26878	77
Sperrylite ()*	Pyrite	PtAs₂			2	26875,26882	337
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS			1	26875	21482
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄			1	26888	1934
Violarite ()*	Spinel	FeNi₂S₄	2700	2500	1	26878	380

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Michelle_662	Basal Ni-Cu sulfides in mafic-ultramafic intrusion

6 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Dated Mineral	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
EG105_1057_032	2700	2700	2700					Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru	190662	Selebi-Phikwe Belt (Selbi-Pikwe), Francistown District, North-East District, Botswana	Selebi-Phikwe	Begg et al. (2010)	10.2113/econgeo.105.6.1057	EG105_1057
Michelle_662	2500	2500	>2500		Age of deposit or general age of the metallogenic province			Ni, Cu	190662	Selebi-Phikwe Belt (Selbi-Pikwe), Francistown District, North-East District, Botswana	Selebi-Phikwe	Hoatson et al. (2006)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.05.002	OGR29_177	See Table. 1 Global resources of nickel metal and ages of the major nickel sulfide deposits of the world. Age can refer to the age of a specific nickel sulfide deposit, or the general age of the metallogenic province containing nickel deposits that are similar to a dated deposit (e.g. 2705 Ma Komatiite-hosted deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province).
JAES18_87_0001	1938	1910	1924 ± 14	Rb-Sr	mineralization	muscovite	Muscovite		228258	Bushman Group, Tutume District, North-East District, Botswana	Bushman Group	Barton (1994)		JAES18_87
JAES18_87_0002	1942	1914	1928 ± 14	Rb-Sr	mineralization	muscovite	Muscovite		228258	Bushman Group, Tutume District, North-East District, Botswana	Bushman Group	Barton (1994)		JAES18_87
sedcu-00063	900	900	U. Proterozoic					Cu	228258	Bushman Group, Tutume District, North-East District, Botswana	Bushman Group	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00065	900	900	U. Proterozoic					Cu	228261	Matsitama Cu Deposits (incl. Logolo Deposit; Makala Deposit; Thakadu Deposit), Tutume District, North-East District, Botswana	Matsitama	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...