Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Birkengang Zinc Smelter Slag Locality, Stolberg, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Oldest recorded age at locality: 410
Youngest recorded age at locality: 331

mindat Locality ID: 21261
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-21261.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Birkengang Zinc Smelter Slag Locality, Stolberg, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 50°47'3"N
Longitude: 6°13'50"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 50.784166666667,6.2305555555556

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Alunite	Apatite	Aragonite	Baryte	Brochantite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Connellite	Copper
Corundum	Covellite	Cristobalite	Devilline	Diaspore	Ettringite	Feldspar	Gypsum	Iron	Ktenasite
Linarite	Malachite	None	Not in a structural group	Phenakite	Pseudobrookite	Pyrochlore	Quartz	Rocksalt	Sphalerite
Spinel	Sulphur	Tridymite	Wurtzite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As C Ca Cl Cu Fe H K Mg Na O Pb S Sb Si Ti Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As C Ca Cl Cu Fe H K Mg Na O Pb S Sb Si Ti Zn

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Alunite Apatite Aragonite Baryte Brochantite Calcite Chalcopyrite Connellite Copper
Corundum Covellite Cristobalite Devilline Diaspore Ettringite Feldspar Gypsum Iron Ktenasite
Linarite Malachite None Not in a structural group Phenakite Pseudobrookite Pyrochlore Quartz Rocksalt Sphalerite
Spinel Sulphur Tridymite Wurtzite

53 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Albite ()*	Anglesite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Aurichalcite ()*
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Bindheimite ()*	Bornite ()*	Brochantite ()*	Calcite ()*
Cerussite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Connellite ()*	Copper ()*
Covellite ()*	Cristobalite ()*	Cuprite ()*	Devilline ()*	Ettringite ()*
Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Hydrocerussite ()*
Hydromagnesite ()*	Hydrozincite ()*	Iron ()*	Jarosite ()*	Lanarkite ()*
Lead ()*	Leadhillite ()*	Linarite ()*	Litharge ()*	Magnetite ()*
Malachite ()*	Mimetite ()*	Pseudobrookite ()*	Quartz ()*	Schulenbergite ()*
Serpierite ()*	Simonkolleite ()*	Smithsonite ()*	Spertiniite ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Sulphur ()*	Susannite ()*	Thaumasite ()*	Tridymite ()*	Willemite ()*
Wülfingite ()*	Wurtzite ()*	Zincite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S	410	331	2793
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	410	331	8803
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	410	331	2734
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	410	331	3250
Aurichalcite ()*	None	(Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆	410	331	919
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Alunite	Pb(Fe³⁺₂Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	410	331	132
Bindheimite ()*	Pyrochlore	Pb₂Sb⁵⁺₂O₇	410	331	450
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	410	331	5516
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	410	331	1633
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	410	331	27770
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	410	331	4979
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	410	331	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	410	331	27198
Connellite ()*	Connellite	Cu₃₆(SO₄)(OH)₆₂Cl₈·6H₂O	410	331	295
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	410	331	3846
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	410	331	4165
Cristobalite ()*	Cristobalite	SiO₂	410	331	453
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	410	331	2970
Devilline ()*	Devilline	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	410	331	366
Ettringite ()*	Ettringite	Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂·27H₂O	410	331	93
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	410	331	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	410	331	7437
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	410	331	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	410	331	14640
Hydrocerussite ()*	None	Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	410	331	201
Hydromagnesite ()*	None	Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·4H₂O	410	331	341
Hydrozincite ()*	None	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆	410	331	1066
Iron ()*	Iron	Fe	410	331	1089
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	410	331	2228
Lanarkite ()*	None	Pb₂O(SO₄)	410	331	97
Lead ()*	Copper	Pb	410	331	192
Leadhillite ()*	None	Pb₄(SO₄)(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	410	331	265
Linarite ()*	Linarite	CuPb(SO₄)(OH)₂	410	331	987
Litharge ()*	None	PbO	410	331	139
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	410	331	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	410	331	12537
Mimetite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	410	331	1107
Pseudobrookite ()*	Pseudobrookite	(Fe³⁺₂Ti)O₅	410	331	164
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	410	331	61156
Schulenbergite ()*	Ktenasite	(Cu,Zn)₇(SO₄)₂(OH)₁₀·3H₂O	410	331	142
Serpierite ()*	Devilline	Ca(Cu,Zn)₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	410	331	292
Simonkolleite ()*	None	Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O	0	0	11
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)	410	331	2473
Spertiniite ()*	None	Cu(OH)₂	410	331	17
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	410	331	21482
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S	410	331	2045
Susannite ()*	None	Pb₄(SO₄)(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	410	331	99
Thaumasite ()*	Ettringite	Ca₃Si(OH)₆(CO₃)(SO₄)·12H₂O	410	331	183
Tridymite ()*	Tridymite	SiO₂	410	331	458
Willemite ()*	Phenakite	Zn₂SiO₄	410	331	303
Wülfingite ()*	Cristobalite	Zn(OH)₂	410	331	5
Wurtzite ()*	Wurtzite	ZnS	410	331	372
Zincite ()*	Wurtzite	ZnO	410	331	98

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	Kristen002437	410	331	Devonian and Lower Carboniferous		epigenic lead-zinc mineralization					Yes			Zn, Pb	21263	Stolberg, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany	Aachen-Stolberg	Krahn and Baumann (1996)	10.1007/BF00204029	MD31_225

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...