Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Oldest recorded age at locality: 410
Youngest recorded age at locality: 0

mindat Locality ID: 21265
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-21265.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany": 72
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 53

Number of Child Localities: 13
Child Localities:
Aachen Meteorite
Alsdorf
Baesweiler
Eschweiler
Hahn
Herzogenrath
Lichtenbusch
Lousberg
Richterich
Siersdorf
Stolberg
Verlautenheide
Würselen

Latitude: 50°47'32"N
Longitude: 6°9'58"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 50.792222222222,6.1661111111111
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Ba C Ca Cd Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn N Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Se Si Ti Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAdranositeAlumAluniteAmorphousAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArcaniteBaryte
BerylBrochantiteCalciteCaledoniteChalcophylliteChalcopyriteClayConnelliteCopiapiteCopper
CorundumCovelliteCristobaliteDevillineDiasporeDigeniteEpsomiteEttringiteFeldsparGeocronite
GypsumHalotrichiteHexahydriteHopeiteHydrotalciteIronKaoliniteKhademiteKtenasiteLangbeinite
LinariteMalachiteMarcasiteMelanteriteMeliliteMetavoltineMicaMilleriteMillosevichiteNone
Not in a structural groupPalmieritePhenakitePhosphophyllitePicromeritePseudobrookitePyracmonitePyritePyrochloreQuartz
RhabdophaneRocksaltRosenbergiteRutileSabieiteSphaleriteSpinelStarkeyiteStibniteSulphur
SyngeniteTamarugiteTetrahedriteThermessaiteTridymiteVivianiteVoltaiteWoodwarditeWurtzite

160 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Adamite  (*)Adranosite  (*)Adranosite-(Fe)  (*)Åkermanite  (*)
Albite  (*)Alum-(K)  (*)Aluminopyracmonite  (*)Alunogen  (*)Ammonioalunite  (*)
Ammoniojarosite  (*)Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)
Annabergite  (*)Antlerite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Azurite  (*)
Barberiite  (*)Baryte  (*)Bassanite  (*)Bazhenovite  (*)Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)
Beudantite  (*)Bindheimite  (*)Bornite  (*)Boussingaultite  (*)Brochantite  (*)
Calcite  (*)Caledonite  (*)Cattierite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)
Chalcophyllite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Clairite  (*)Connellite  (*)Copiapite  (*)
Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)Cristobalite  (*)Cryptohalite  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Devilline  (*)Dickite  (*)Digenite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Efremovite  (*)
Elyite  (*)Erythrite  (*)Ettringite  (*)Fougèrite  (*)Galena  (*)
Glaucocerinite  (*)Godovikovite  (*)Goethite  (*)Görgeyite  (*)Goslarite  (*)
Greenockite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Halotrichite  (*)Hannebachite  (*)
Hardystonite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hexahydrite  (*)Hopeite  (*)
Hydrocerussite  (*)Hydrokenoralstonite  (*)Hydromagnesite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Indialite  (*)
Iron  (*)Jamesonite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Jordanite  (*)Khademite  (*)
Köttigite  (*)Kratochvílite  (*)Kremersite  (*)Ktenasite  (*)Lammerite  (*)
Lanarkite  (*)Langite  (*)Lannonite  (*)Lavendulan  (*)Lead  (*)
Leadhillite  (*)Letovicite  (*)Linarite  (*)Litharge  (*)Magnetite  (*)
Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Mascagnite  (*)Massicot  (*)Melanterite  (*)
Metavoltine  (*)Millerite  (*)Millosevichite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Monohydrocalcite  (*)
Mullite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nickelboussingaultite  (*)Opal  (*)Osarizawaite  (*)
Palmierite  (*)Parasymplesite  (*)Phosphophyllite  (*)Pickeringite  (*)Posnjakite  (*)
Pseudobrookite  (*)Pyracmonite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Ravatite  (*)Rosasite  (*)Rosenbergite  (*)Rostite  (*)
Rozenite  (*)Sabieite  (*)Salammoniac  (*)Sassolite  (*)Schulenbergite  (*)
Scorodite  (*)Selenium  (*)Serpierite  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)
Simonkolleite  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Spertiniite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)
Stibnite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Susannite  (*)Sylvite  (*)Syngenite  (*)
Tamarugite  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Thaumasite  (*)Thermessaite  (*)Thermessaite-(NH4)  (*)
Tridymite  (*)Tschermigite  (*)Vaesite  (*)Vivianite  (*)Voltaite  (*)
Willemite  (*)Wülfingite  (*)Wurtzite  (*)Zinc  (*)Zincite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S410331260118,601362793
Adamite  (*)AndalusiteZn2(AsO4)(OH)410331160136254
Adranosite  (*)Adranosite(NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)232601600804
Adranosite-(Fe)  (*)Adranosite(NH4)4NaFe2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2001600806
Åkermanite  (*)MeliliteCa2MgSi2O7410331260116,6013650
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)410331260118,601368803
Alum-(K)  (*)AlumKAl(SO4)2·12H2O0016008092
Aluminopyracmonite  (*)Pyracmonite(NH4)3Al(SO4)3001600803
Alunogen  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2(SO4)3(H2O)12·5H2O00160080272
Ammonioalunite  (*)Alunite(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)60016008011
Ammoniojarosite  (*)Alunite(NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)60016008030
Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite  (*)Voltaite(NH4)2Mg5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12·18H2O32601600803
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)410331960088,60092,60116,60118,60120,60131,60132,60135,601362734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)001600801588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2410331560120,60131,60132,60135,601383092
Annabergite  (*)VivianiteNi3(AsO4)2·8H2O3260160080445
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)4410331160116246
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)410331660088,60092,60116,60118,60120,601363250
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6410331360092,60118,60136919
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)21600925509
Barberiite  (*)Baryte(NH4)BF4001600803
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)16011111547
Bassanite  (*)RhabdophaneCa(SO4)·0.5H2O410331260080,6013682
Bazhenovite  (*)NoneCa8S5(S2O3)(OH)12·20H2O001600889
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)AlunitePb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6410331260118,60136132
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6410331260116,60136413
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O7410331260118,60136450
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4410331360116,60118,601365516
Boussingaultite  (*)Picromerite(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O0016008030
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6410331560088,60092,60116,60118,601361633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)4103311760080,60088,60091,60092,60100,60103,60111,60114,60116,60118,60120,60127,60131,60132,60135,60136,6013827770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6410331160116359
Cattierite  (*)PyriteCoS2410331460120,60131,60132,6013530
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)4103311060088,60089,60092,60116,60118,60120,60131,60132,60135,601364979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S410331560118,60131,60132,60135,601365707
Chalcophyllite  (*)ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O410331160136194
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS24103311060080,60092,60111,60118,60120,60128,60131,60132,60135,6013627198
Clairite  (*)None(NH4)2Fe3+3(SO4)4(OH)3·3H2O32601600808
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O410331360088,60118,60136295
Copiapite  (*)CopiapiteFe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O3260160080382
Copper  (*)CopperCu410331360116,60118,601363846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS410331660092,60118,60131,60132,60135,601364165
Cristobalite  (*)CristobaliteSiO2410331260118,60136453
Cryptohalite  (*)None(NH4)2SiF60016008014
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O410331460088,60092,60118,601362970
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O410331360116,60118,60136366
Dickite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)43260160080651
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S410331360131,60132,601351027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2410331960080,60091,60092,60111,60120,60127,60131,60132,601359895
Efremovite  (*)Langbeinite(NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3326016008013
Elyite  (*)NoneCuPb4(SO4)O2(OH)4·H2O410331360115,60116,6013685
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O410331160136814
Ettringite  (*)EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·27H2O410331360088,60118,6013693
Fougèrite  (*)HydrotalciteFe2+4Fe3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O410331360088,60116,6013620
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS4103311760080,60089,60091,60092,60102,60111,60116,60118,60120,60123,60128,60131,60132,60134,60135,60136,6013824243
Glaucocerinite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)410331260116,6013620
Godovikovite  (*)Sabieite(NH4)Al(SO4)20016008019
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)410331260118,601367437
Görgeyite  (*)NoneK2Ca5(SO4)6·H2O0016008011
Goslarite  (*)EpsomiteZn(SO4)·7H2O410331360131,60132,60135188
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS410331660091,60092,60120,60131,60132,60135717
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O4103311060080,60088,60092,60116,60118,60120,60131,60132,60135,601366890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl32601600801398
Halotrichite  (*)HalotrichiteFe2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O3260160080409
Hannebachite  (*)NoneCa(SO3)·0.5H2O16008812
Hardystonite  (*)MeliliteCa2ZnSi2O741033116013614
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3410331560080,60088,60116,60118,6013614640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O410331660123,60131,60132,60135,60136,601381689
Hexahydrite  (*)HexahydriteMg(SO4)·6H2O410331260080,60136251
Hopeite  (*)HopeiteZn3(PO4)2·4H2O410331260116,6012329
Hydrocerussite  (*)NonePb3(CO3)2(OH)2410331460088,60116,60118,60136201
Hydrokenoralstonite  (*)Pyrochlore   2Al2F6(H2O)326016008056
Hydromagnesite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O410331360116,60118,60136341
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)6410331960088,60092,60118,60120,60123,60131,60132,60135,601361066
Indialite  (*)BerylMg2Al3(AlSi5)O18326016008024
Iron  (*)IronFe410331360116,60118,601361089
Jamesonite  (*)NonePb4FeSb6S14410331360131,60132,60135784
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6410331360116,60118,601362228
Jordanite  (*)GeocronitePb14As6S23410331460120,60131,60132,60135105
Khademite  (*)KhademiteAl(SO4)F·5H2O326016008015
Köttigite  (*)VivianiteZn3(AsO4)2·8H2O41033116011660
Kratochvílite  (*)NoneC13H10001600803
Kremersite  (*)None(NH4)2Fe3+Cl5·H2O326016008012
Ktenasite  (*)Ktenasite DevillineZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·6H2O41033116013675
Lammerite  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)241033116013610
Lanarkite  (*)NonePb2O(SO4)410331460088,60116,60118,6013697
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O410331460088,60115,60116,60136593
Lannonite  (*)NoneHCa4Mg2Al4(SO4)8F9·32H2O001600802
Lavendulan  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O410331160136149
Lead  (*)CopperPb410331460088,60116,60118,60136192
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2410331460088,60116,60118,60136265
Letovicite  (*)None(NH4)3H(SO4)20016008018
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)2410331460088,60116,60118,60136987
Litharge  (*)NonePbO410331560080,60088,60116,60118,60136139
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4410331360088,60118,6013614899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2410331860088,60092,60116,60118,60131,60132,60135,6013612537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2410331960089,60092,60111,60120,60131,60132,60134,60135,601385674
Mascagnite  (*)Arcanite(NH4)2(SO4)0016008061
Massicot  (*)NonePbO410331160116202
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O160088915
Metavoltine  (*)MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12·18H2O326016008078
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS3260360080,60103,601111066
Millosevichite  (*)MillosevichiteAl2(SO4)30016008020
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl410331360088,60118,601361107
Monohydrocalcite  (*)NoneCa(CO3)·H2O410331260088,6013655
Mullite  (*)NoneAl4+2xSi2-2xO10-x (x ≈ 0.4)326016008078
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)232629916008017380
Nickelboussingaultite  (*)Picromerite(NH4)2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O001600806
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O001600802994
Osarizawaite  (*)AlunitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)641033116011664
Palmierite  (*)PalmieriteK2Pb(SO4)24103311601368
Parasymplesite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O410331160136124
Phosphophyllite  (*)PhosphophylliteZn2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O41033116011629
Pickeringite  (*)HalotrichiteMgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O00160080265
Posnjakite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·H2O410331260116,60136309
Pseudobrookite  (*)Pseudobrookite(Fe3+2Ti)O5410331360116,60118,60136164
Pyracmonite  (*)Pyracmonite(NH4)3Fe(SO4)3001600805
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS24103311060080,60092,60105,60111,60120,60131,60132,60134,60135,6013839462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO2410331460120,60131,60132,601353106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl410331560120,60123,60131,60132,601351725
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO24102991060080,60092,60111,60118,60120,60127,60131,60132,60135,6013861156
Ravatite  (*)NoneC14H1032601600803
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)2160092454
Rosenbergite  (*)RosenbergiteAlF[F0.5(H2O)0.5]4·H2O001600804
Rostite  (*)KhademiteAl(SO4)(OH)·5H2O326016008010
Rozenite  (*)StarkeyiteFe2+(SO4)·4H2O410331260088,60136293
Sabieite  (*)Sabieite(NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2001600809
Salammoniac  (*)None(NH4)Cl00160080105
Sassolite  (*)NoneB(OH)30016008031
Schulenbergite  (*)Ktenasite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10·3H2O410331460088,60116,60118,60136142
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O4103311601361153
Selenium  (*)SulphurSe00160080143
Serpierite  (*)DevillineCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O410331360116,60118,60136292
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)410331660089,60092,60120,60131,60132,601356417
Silver  (*)CopperAg4103311601165186
Simonkolleite  (*)NoneZn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O00260118,6013611
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)4103311060092,60118,60120,60123,60128,60131,60132,60135,60136,601382473
Spertiniite  (*)NoneCu(OH)2410331260118,6013617
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS4103311760080,60091,60092,60102,60111,60116,60118,60120,60123,60128,60131,60132,60133,60134,60135,60136,6013821482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O44103311601361934
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S3410331360131,60132,601353418
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS410331860080,60088,60118,60120,60131,60132,60135,601362045
Susannite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2410331260118,6013699
Sylvite  (*)RocksaltKCl3260160080275
Syngenite  (*)SyngeniteK2Ca(SO4)2·H2O41033116013644
Tamarugite  (*)TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2·6H2O0016008087
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S13410331360131,60132,601351803
Thaumasite  (*)EttringiteCa3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O410331360088,60118,60136183
Thermessaite  (*)ThermessaiteK2AlF3(SO4)001600802
Thermessaite-(NH4)  (*)Thermessaite(NH4)2AlF3(SO4)001600802
Tridymite  (*)TridymiteSiO2410331260118,60136458
Tschermigite  (*)Alum(NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O0016008081
Vaesite  (*)PyriteNiS2410331460120,60131,60132,60135106
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O410331260088,60136636
Voltaite  (*)VoltaiteK2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12·18H2O00160080111
Willemite  (*)PhenakiteZn2SiO4410331660118,60123,60131,60132,60135,60136303
Wülfingite  (*)CristobaliteZn(OH)2410331260118,601365
Wurtzite  (*)WurtziteZnS410331560118,60120,60131,60132,60135372
Zinc  (*)NoneZn41033116011652
Zincite  (*)WurtziteZnO410331360088,60118,6013698


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Michelle_0069Mindat locality mineral list includes both the minerals found in the coal mine and the anthropogenic minerals from the burning coal dumps
Michelle_0070Mindat locality mineral list includes both the minerals found in the coal mine and the anthropogenic minerals from the burning coal dumps. 'Age to other Locs' are localities listed in EG35_164 attached to the Upper Carboniferous time.


3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Michelle_006900Anthropogene Age of new mineralization resulting from self-ignition    Alunogen, Ammonioalunite, Ammoniojarosite, Anhydrite, Barberiite, Boussingaultite, Cryptohalite, Godovikovite, Gorgeyite, Gypsum, Hematite, Hexahydrite, Kratochvilite, Letovicite, Litharge, Mascagnite, Millosevichite, Opal, Pickeringite, Alum-(K), Rosenbergite, Sabieite, Salammoniac, Sassolite, Selenium, Tamarugite, Tschermigite, Voltaite, Thermessaite, Pyracmonite, Adranosite-(Fe), Thermessaite-(NH4), Aluminopyracmonite 13825Anna Mine, Alsdorf, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, GermanyAnna MineStracher et al. (2014) BOOK_CPFV3_2014Age of secondary mineralization resulting from self-ignition. Anna mine was the largest producing coal mine in the region. Waste from the nearby coke furnaces was dumped over the mine tailings and spread over three dumps, Anna I, Anna II and Anna-Noppenberg. Both Anna I and II self ignited, likely burning extensively due to the high amount of residual coal in the waste. Se, Hg are introduced with the alteration.
Michelle_0070326299Upper Carboniferous Age of coal deposit    Muscovite, Quartz 13825Anna Mine, Alsdorf, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, GermanyAnna MineHarris and Matzat (1959)10.2307/142398EG35_164Age of coal deposits in region. Anna, Maria, Gouley and Laurweg mines mentioned by name.
Kristen002437410331Devonian and Lower Carboniferous epigenic lead-zinc mineralization     Zn, Pb21263Stolberg, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, GermanyAachen-StolbergKrahn and Baumann (1996)10.1007/BF00204029MD31_225 

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