Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Björkdal Mine, Sandfors, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1927
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1794

mindat Locality ID: 10040
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-10040.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Björkdal Mine, Sandfors, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 64°55'57"N
Longitude: 20°35'42"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 64.9325,20.595
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Bi C Ca Cu Fe H K Mg Na Ni O Pb S Sb Si Te W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As Au B Bi C Ca Cu Fe H K Mg Na Ni O Pb S Sb Si Te W Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AmphiboleArsenicBismutiteCalciteChalcopyriteClayColumbiteCopperCovelliteCubanite
MalachiteMarcasiteMicaNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPyriteQuartzRocksaltScheelite
SphaleriteTetradymiteTourmalineValleriiteWurtzite

35 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Beyerite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismutite  (*)Bornite  (*)
Breithauptite  (*)Calcite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)
Cubanite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Dravite  (*)Ferberite  (*)Frohbergite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gold  (*)Graphite  (*)Hedleyite  (*)Hessite  (*)
Laumontite  (*)Mackinawite  (*)Malachite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nickeline  (*)
Pilsenite  (*)Pingguite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Scheelite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Tellurobismuthite  (*)Tsumoite  (*)Valleriite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)21927185903419
Beyerite  (*)BismutiteCaBi2O2(CO3)219271859096
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi1927185901966
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)192718590716
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS41927185905516
Breithauptite  (*)NickelineNiSb192718590175
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)19271859027770
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS219271859027198
Copper  (*)CopperCu1927185903846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS1927185904165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3192718590802
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O1927185902970
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)192718590648
Ferberite  (*)ColumbiteFe2+(WO4)192718590551
Frohbergite  (*)MarcasiteFeTe219271859040
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS19271859024243
Gold  (*)CopperAu19271859030554
Graphite  (*)NoneC1927185902812
Hedleyite  (*)TetradymiteBi7Te3192718590104
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te192718590804
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O1927185901271
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)192718590451
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)219271859012537
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)219271859017380
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs192718590633
Pilsenite  (*)TetradymiteBi4Te319271859057
Pingguite  (*)NoneBi6Te6+2O151927185905
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS219271859039462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S81927185909056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO219271859061156
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)1927185904894
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS19271859021482
Tellurobismuthite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te3192718590276
Tsumoite  (*)TetradymiteBiTe192718590100
Valleriite  (*)Valleriite2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]192718590237


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Giersdorf_00000492The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000493The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000494The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000495The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000496The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000497The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000498The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000515The Boliden area consists of volcanic rocks with an epigenetic gold source, and is part of the Skellefte Mining District.


14 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Giersdorf_00000517180217941798   91019 YesTitanite 304392Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenSkellefteBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
MD29_150_Skellefte190018701870-1900U-Pb    Yes  23797Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenSkellefte mining districtHallberg (1994)10.1007/BF00191512MD29_150U-Pb zircon dating of volcanic rocks and early orogenic intrusives in the Los, Bergslagen, and Skellefte districts yields ages of 1.87-1.90 Ga (Welin et al, 1980, Åberg et al. 1984; Åberg and Strömberg 1984; Wilson et al. 1985; Welin 1987; Claesson and Lundqvist 1990). Dating ofvo1canic rocks in central and southern Finland have also yielded U-Pb zircon ages of 1.87-1.90 Ga (Ah o 1979; Helovuori 1979; Patchett and Kouvo 1986; Welin 1987). This indicates that deposition of vo1canic rocks occurred over a time interval of about 30 M yrs in the central part of the Baltic Shield.
Giersdorf_00000516187018701870U-Pb  94002 YesZircon 10632Åkerberg Mine, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenÅkerberg MineBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
Giersdorf_00000515187018701870U-PbAge is suspected to be approximately 1870 Ma, during which an extensional period of tectonic activity weakened the mantle and provided access for heavier materials to ascend upwards bh 428 YesZircon 207492Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenBoliden areaBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
Kristen001748192718591893±34143Nd/144Nd vs 147Sm/144Ndprecipitation of scheelite in quartz veinscheelite   ScheeliteQuartzAu, Te10040Björkdal Mine, Sandfors, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenBjörkdal Gold DepositRoberts et al. (2006)10.2113/gsecongeo.101.7.1415EG101_1415 
Giersdorf_00000492189018901890U-Pb  91016 YesZircon 33241Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenMelestjärn mass flowBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
Giersdorf_00000493189018901902U-Pb  91016 YesZircon 33241Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenMelestjärn mass flowBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
Giersdorf_00000494189018901902U-Pb  91016 YesZircon 33241Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenMelestjärn mass flowBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
Giersdorf_00000495190219021902U-Pb  91016 YesZircon 33241Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenMelestjärn mass flowBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
Giersdorf_00000496188418841884U-Pb  91016 YesZircon 33241Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenMelestjärn mass flowBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
Giersdorf_00000497187318731873U-Pb  91016 YesZircon 33241Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenMelestjärn mass flowBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
Giersdorf_0000049818931884.61888.8±4.2U-Pb high 91016 YesZircon 33241Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenMelestjärn mass flowBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054Intercept age for the Pb206/207 concordia
Giersdorf_00000518188518851885U-Pb  91066 YesZircon 33241Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenTallberg DepositBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 
Giersdorf_00000519188518851885U-Pb  91065 YesZircon 33241Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, SwedenTallberg DepositBillstrom et al. (1996)10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054EG91_1054 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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