Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Aeschynite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Analcime	Apatite	Aragonite	Autunite	Beryl	Brucite	Calcite
Cerite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Columbite	Copper	Corundum	Cubanite	Epidote
Feldspar	Fluorite	Garnet	Iron	Kaolinite	Mica	Molybdenite	Monazite	Nickeline	None
Not in a structural group	Olivine	Palygorskite	Pyrite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rutile	Schoepite	Serpentine	Smectite-vermiculite
Sphalerite	Spinel	Talc	Tapiolite	Titanite	Tourmaline	Wölsendorfite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al B Be C Ca Ce Cr Cs Cu F Fe H Hf K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni O P Pb Pt S Si Ta Th Ti U W Y Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al Ca Fe H K Mg O Pt Si Ti

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Aeschynite Amorphous Amphibole Analcime Apatite Aragonite Autunite Beryl Brucite Calcite
Cerite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Clinozoisite Columbite Copper Corundum Cubanite Epidote
Feldspar Fluorite Garnet Iron Kaolinite Mica Molybdenite Monazite Nickeline None
Not in a structural group Olivine Palygorskite Pyrite Pyroxene Quartz Rutile Schoepite Serpentine Smectite-vermiculite
Sphalerite Spinel Talc Tapiolite Titanite Tourmaline Wölsendorfite Zircon

93 IMA Minerals at location:

Actinolite ()*	Aeschynite-(Ce) ()*	Albite ()*	Almandine ()*	Anorthite ()*
Anthophyllite ()*	Antigorite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Arfvedsonite ()*	Autunite ()*
Becquerelite ()*	Beryl ()*	Brucite ()*	Calcite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chromite ()*	Chrysoberyl ()*	Chrysotile ()*	Clarkeite ()*	Clinochlore ()*
Clinozoisite ()*	Columbite-(Fe) ()*	Copper ()*	Corundum ()*	Diopside ()*
Dolomite ()*	Elbaite ()*	Enstatite ()*	Epidote ()*	Euxenite-(Y) ()*
Fayalite ()*	Ferberite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Fluorite ()*	Forsterite ()*
Fourmarierite ()*	Gahnite ()*	Graphite ()*	Hafnon ()*	Halloysite-7Å ()*
Hematite ()*	Huntite ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Iron ()*	Isocubanite ()*
Kaolinite ()*	Kasolite ()*	Kyanite ()*	Mackinawite ()*	Magnesioferrite ()*
Magnesite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Margarite ()*	Merrillite ()*	Microcline ()*
Molybdenite ()*	Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Muscovite ()*	Opal ()*	Orthoclase ()*
Palygorskite ()*	Phlogopite ()*	Pigeonite ()*	Platinum ()*	Pollucite ()*
Pyrite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rutile ()*	Samarskite-(Y) ()*
Schorl ()*	Schreibersite ()*	Siderite ()*	Sillimanite ()*	Spessartine ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Spinel ()*	Taenite ()*	Talc ()*	Tantalite-(Fe) ()*
Tapiolite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrataenite ()*	Titanite ()*	Torbernite ()*	Tremolite ()*
Troilite ()*	Uraninite ()*	Uranophane-α ()*	Vandendriesscheite ()*	Vermiculite ()*
Wölsendorfite ()*	Zircon ()*	Zoisite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	253239	3419
Aeschynite-(Ce) ()*	Aeschynite	(Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)₂(O,OH)₆			1	253352	43
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)			9	253119,253189,253239,253268,253282,253286,253287,253289,253317	8803
Almandine ()*	Garnet	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃			10	253097,253108,253119,253130,253239,253246,253286,253287,253289,253290	2353
Anorthite ()*	Feldspar	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	1229.2	347.51	0		1036
Anthophyllite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	460	460	12	253100,253105,253106,253111,253115,253128,253129,253130,253218,253224,253240,253348	718
Antigorite ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄			2	253130,253131	708
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)			1	253127	3250
Arfvedsonite ()*	Amphibole	NaNa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	380	374	1	253107	295
Autunite ()*	Autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10-12H₂O			6	253130,253221,253239,253286,253289,253317	1272
Becquerelite ()*	None	Ca(UO₂)₆O₄(OH)₆·8H₂O			1	253286	92
Beryl ()*	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈			9	253097,253190,253229,253236,253239,253267,253290,253317,253342	4286
Brucite ()*	Brucite	Mg(OH)₂	1229.2	347.51	0		462
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)			2	253286,253294	27770
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂			2	253091,253349	27198
Chromite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄	460	460	9	253096,253128,253129,253130,253218,253224,253289,253347,253348	3902
Chrysoberyl ()*	Olivine	BeAl₂O₄			1	253239	321
Chrysotile ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄			1	253130	951
Clarkeite ()*	None	Na(UO₂)O(OH)·nH₂O			2	253286,253317	18
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈			1	253130	1756
Clinozoisite ()*	Clinozoisite Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			3	253239,253286,253317	1025
Columbite-(Fe) ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆			1	253239	518
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu			1	253096	3846
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃	380	374	3	253110,253111,253254	1797
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆			1	253096	4135
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂			1	253127	9895
Elbaite ()*	Tourmaline	Na(Al_1.5Li_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			1	253239	520
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆			4	253128,253129,253218,253289	944
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	380	374	16	253098,253110,253239,253246,253255,253256,253260,253263,253268,253272,253278,253286,253290,253294,253304,253349	8173
Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(NbTi)O₆			1	253317	414
Fayalite ()*	Olivine	Fe²⁺₂(SiO₄)			1	253130	371
Ferberite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺(WO₄)			1	253239	551
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F			4	253239,253253,253288,253289	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂			1	253239	9617
Forsterite ()*	Olivine	Mg₂(SiO₄)			2	253127,253131	1188
Fourmarierite ()*	Schoepite	Pb_1-xO_3-2x(UO₂)₄(OH)_4+2x·4H₂O			1	253286	61
Gahnite ()*	Spinel	ZnAl₂O₄			1	253219	445
Graphite ()*	None	C			2	253253,253332	2812
Hafnon ()*	Zircon	Hf(SiO₄)			1	253239	11
Halloysite-7Å ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			1	253285	52
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃			2	253246,253332	14640
Huntite ()*	Not in a structural group	CaMg₃(CO₃)₄			2	253127,253130	69
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	1229.2	347.51	0		5433
Iron ()*	Iron	Fe			1	253096	1089
Isocubanite ()*	Sphalerite Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃			1	253096	191
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			16	253090,253191,253196,253239,253264,253265,253269,253276,253285,253293,253296,253306,253307,253313,253343,253350	5591
Kasolite ()*	None	Pb(UO₂)(SiO₄)·H₂O			1	253286	198
Kyanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂OSiO₄			10	253091,253097,253108,253118,253119,253186,253239,253253,253328,253332	1507
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)			1	253096	451
Magnesioferrite ()*	Spinel	MgFe³⁺₂O₄			1	253128	98
Magnesite ()*	Calcite	Mg(CO₃)			2	253127,253206	1487
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	380	374	6	253100,253105,253110,253111,253130,253218	14899
Margarite ()*	Mica Clay	CaAl₂Si₂Al₂O₁₀(OH)₂	1229.2	347.51	0		168
Merrillite ()*	Cerite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇			1	253096	230
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)			6	253119,253134,253236,253239,253246,253287	4924
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂			1	253239	5800
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(PO₄)			3	253226,253239,253253	945
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			128	253088,253089,253090,253091,253092,253093,253097,253099,253101,253102,253113,253114,253117,253119,253122,253126,253134,253185,253186,253187,253188,253190,253191,253192,253198,253199,253200,253201,253202,253203,253221,253229,253230,253231,253236,253239,253243,253246,253247,253248,253249,253250,253251,253252,253253,253255,253256,253257,253258,253259,253260,253261,253262,253263,253264,253265,253266,253267,253268,253269,253270,253271,253272,253273,253274,253275,253276,253277,253278,253279,253280,253281,253284,253286,253287,253289,253290,253293,253294,253295,253296,253297,253298,253299,253300,253301,253302,253303,253304,253305,253306,253307,253308,253309,253310,253311,253312,253313,253314,253316,253317,253318,253319,253320,253321,253322,253323,253325,253327,253328,253329,253330,253331,253332,253333,253334,253335,253336,253337,253338,253339,253340,253341,253342,253343,253345,253349,253353	17380
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O			4	253239,253286,253317,253325	2994
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	1229.2	347.51	0		2349
Palygorskite ()*	Palygorskite Clay	(Mg,Al)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)·4H₂O			2	253127,253130	306
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂			1	253130	2273
Pigeonite ()*	Pyroxene	(Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆			1	253096	303
Platinum ()*	Copper	Pt	1229.2	347.51	0		485
Pollucite ()*	Analcime	Cs(Si₂Al)O₆·nH₂O			1	253239	140
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂			11	253091,253119,253186,253187,253190,253203,253239,253289,253295,253314,253349	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈			5	253091,253119,253186,253190,253340	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	1229.2	347.51	124	253088,253089,253090,253091,253092,253093,253097,253099,253101,253102,253113,253114,253119,253122,253134,253185,253186,253187,253188,253189,253190,253191,253192,253195,253196,253198,253199,253200,253201,253202,253203,253221,253229,253230,253231,253236,253239,253243,253246,253247,253249,253250,253251,253252,253255,253256,253257,253258,253259,253260,253261,253262,253263,253264,253265,253266,253267,253268,253269,253270,253271,253272,253273,253274,253275,253276,253277,253278,253279,253280,253281,253284,253286,253287,253289,253290,253293,253294,253295,253296,253297,253298,253299,253300,253301,253302,253303,253304,253305,253306,253307,253308,253309,253311,253312,253313,253314,253316,253318,253319,253320,253321,253322,253323,253327,253328,253329,253330,253331,253332,253333,253334,253335,253336,253337,253338,253339,253340,253341,253342,253343,253345,253349,253353	61156
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂			1	253239	5614
Samarskite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈			5	253221,253292,253298,253317,253345	353
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			3	253097,253236,253239	2705
Schreibersite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)₃P			1	253096	374
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)			1	253317	6417
Sillimanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂SiO₅	1229.2	347.51	0		1516
Spessartine ()*	Garnet	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃			2	253239,253289	1214
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS			1	253239	21482
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄			1	253189	1934
Taenite ()*	None	(Ni,Fe)			1	253096	703
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	460	374	10	253100,253105,253110,253111,253128,253130,253218,253224,253289,253347	3337
Tantalite-(Fe) ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆			1	253239	99
Tapiolite-(Fe) ()*	Tapiolite	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆			1	253239	88
Tetrataenite ()*	None	FeNi			1	253096	116
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	1229.2	347.51	0		4899
Torbernite ()*	None	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·12H₂O			4	253130,253239,253286,253317	1059
Tremolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_5.0-4.5Fe²⁺_0.0-0.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			5	253128,253129,253130,253239,253289	2562
Troilite ()*	None	FeS			1	253096	1044
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂	1229.2	347.51	6	253126,253195,253221,253286,253317,253352	2718
Uranophane-α ()*	None	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂·5H₂O			4	253126,253286,253317,253321	890
Vandendriesscheite ()*	None	Pb_1.6(UO₂)₁₀O₆(OH)₁₁·11H₂O			1	253315	52
Vermiculite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄·8H₂O			20	253091,253105,253128,253129,253218,253221,253246,253247,253249,253256,253262,253266,253278,253290,253293,253295,253316,253329,253330,253353	652
Wölsendorfite ()*	Wölsendorfite	Pb₇(UO₂)₁₄O₁₉(OH)₄·12H₂O			1	253286	43
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)			3	253239,253286,253317	5251
Zoisite ()*	Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	380	374	16	253110,253130,253199,253236,253256,253268,253272,253280,253288,253298,253304,253314,253316,253317,253321,253349	1025

6 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Dated Mineral	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID
Bradley_2012_074	380	374	377±3	U/Pb		zircon	Zircon		11772	Hayes Mine (Egypt Mine), Sampson Mt., Burnsville, Yancey Co., North Carolina, USA	[Burnsville Fault]	McCauley and Bradley (2014)	10.3749/canmin.52.2.183	CM52_183
USGS-Rb-Sr-02297	347.51	347.51	347.51	Rb-Sr	initial age disturbed by later metamorphism	biotite			102508	Horse Ridge Mine, Yancey Co., North Carolina, USA		USGS-Rb-Sr		USGS-Rb-Sr
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00241_206_238	1072.1	1072.1	1072.1	206_238		zircon	Zircon		102508	Horse Ridge Mine, Yancey Co., North Carolina, USA		USGS-U-Th-Pb		USGS-U-Th-Pb
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00241_207_206	1229.2	1229.2	1229.2	207_206		zircon	Zircon		102508	Horse Ridge Mine, Yancey Co., North Carolina, USA		USGS-U-Th-Pb		USGS-U-Th-Pb
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00241_207_235	1125.2	1125.2	1125.2	207_235		zircon	Zircon		102508	Horse Ridge Mine, Yancey Co., North Carolina, USA		USGS-U-Th-Pb		USGS-U-Th-Pb
podchrome-01104	460	460	Ordovician					Cr	102553	Price Creek Chromite Prospect, Yancey Co., North Carolina, USA	Price Creek	Moiser et al. (2012)		USGSSIR2012_5157

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R100101	Yancey Co., North Carolina, USA	https://rruff.info/R100101

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...