Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Cassandra Mines, Aristotelis, Chalkidiki, Central Macedonia, Greece

Oldest recorded age at locality: 25
Youngest recorded age at locality: 19

mindat Locality ID: 14183
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-14183.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Cassandra Mines, Aristotelis, Chalkidiki, Central Macedonia, Greece": 8
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 7

Number of Child Localities: 5
Child Localities:
Cassandra Mine (Kassandra)
Fisoka Deposit
Olympiada Mine (Olympias Mine)
Skouries Mine
Stratoni Operations

Latitude: 40°31'21"N
Longitude: 23°45'33"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 40.5225,23.759166666667

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Alunite	Amphibole	Apatite	Aragonite	Arsenopyrite	Bournonite	Brochantite	Calcite	Chalcanthite	Chalcopyrite
Clay	Clinozoisite	Copiapite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite	Cubanite	Diaspore	Digenite	Enargite
Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Garnet	Geocronite	Gypsum	Isomertieite	Kaolinite	Malachite	Marcasite
Melanterite	Melonite	Meneghinite	Mica	Molybdenite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Pharmacosiderite	Pyrite
Pyroxene	Quartz	Rhodonite	Rocksalt	Rutile	Scheelite	Smectite-vermiculite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Stibnite
Tetrahedrite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Cl Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na O P Pb Pd Pt S Sb Se Si Te Th Ti W Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Alunite Amphibole Apatite Aragonite Arsenopyrite Bournonite Brochantite Calcite Chalcanthite Chalcopyrite
Clay Clinozoisite Copiapite Copper Corundum Covellite Cubanite Diaspore Digenite Enargite
Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Garnet Geocronite Gypsum Isomertieite Kaolinite Malachite Marcasite
Melanterite Melonite Meneghinite Mica Molybdenite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Pharmacosiderite Pyrite
Pyroxene Quartz Rhodonite Rocksalt Rutile Scheelite Smectite-vermiculite Sphalerite Spinel Stibnite
Tetrahedrite Wurtzite Zircon

80 IMA Minerals at location:

Actinolite ()*	Albite ()*	Alunogen ()*	Andradite ()*	Anhydrite ()*
Ankerite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*	Azurite ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Bornite ()*
Boulangerite ()*	Bournonite ()*	Brochantite ()*	Calcite ()*	Cerussite ()*
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Clausthalite ()*	Copiapite ()*
Cosalite ()*	Covellite ()*	Cubanite ()*	Cuprite ()*	Digenite ()*
Diopside ()*	Dolomite ()*	Enargite ()*	Epidote ()*	Fluorite ()*
Galena ()*	Geocronite ()*	Goethite ()*	Gold ()*	Graphite ()*
Grossular ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Hessite ()*	Hydroxylapatite ()*
Isomertieite ()*	Jamesonite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Kotulskite ()*
Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Melanterite ()*	Meneghinite ()*
Merenskyite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Moncheite ()*	Montmorillonite ()*	Muscovite ()*
Naldrettite ()*	Pharmacosiderite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrolusite ()*	Pyromorphite ()*
Pyroxmangite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rhodochrosite ()*	Rhodonite ()*
Romanèchite ()*	Rutile ()*	Scheelite ()*	Seligmannite ()*	Sobolevskite ()*
Sopcheite ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Stibnite ()*	Stromeyerite ()*	Sylvanite ()*
Telargpalite ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Thorite ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	25	19	2	64100,64102	3419
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	19	19	1	64100	8803
Alunogen ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂(SO₄)₃(H₂O)₁₂·5H₂O	25	24	1	64099	272
Andradite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	25	24	1	64102	1534
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	19	19	1	64100	1588
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂	25	24	1	64099	3092
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	25	19	4	64099,64100,64102,64103	9052
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	19	19	1	64100	5509
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	25	24	1	64102	1935
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	25	19	2	64100,64102	5516
Boulangerite ()*	None	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁	25	24	3	64099,64101,64102	843
Bournonite ()*	Bournonite	CuPbSbS₃	25	24	2	64099,64102	1089
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	25	24	1	64099	1633
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	25	24	5	64097,64099,64101,64102,64103	27770
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	25	24	1	64099	4979
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O	25	24	1	64099	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	25	19	2	64099,64100	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	25	19	3	64099,64100,64102	27198
Clausthalite ()*	Rocksalt	PbSe	19	19	1	64100	281
Copiapite ()*	Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂·20H₂O	25	24	1	64099	382
Cosalite ()*	None	Pb₂Bi₂S₅	25	24	1	64099	344
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	25	19	3	64099,64100,64102	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	25	24	1	64099	802
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	19	19	1	64100	2970
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	19	19	1	64100	1027
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆	25	24	1	64102	4135
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	25	24	2	64099,64102	9895
Enargite ()*	Enargite Wurtzite	Cu₃AsS₄	25	24	1	64102	910
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	25	19	2	64100,64102	8173
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	19	19	1	64100	9617
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	25	19	6	64099,64100,64101,64102,64103,64104	24243
Geocronite ()*	Geocronite	Pb₁₄Sb₆S₂₃	25	24	2	64099,64102	133
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	19	19	1	64100	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	25	19	3	64098,64100,64102	30554
Graphite ()*	None	C	25	24	2	64099,64102	2812
Grossular ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	25	24	1	64102	1544
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	25	24	1	64102	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	25	19	2	64100,64102	14640
Hessite ()*	None	Ag₂Te	19	19	1	64100	804
Hydroxylapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH	19	19	1	64100	367
Isomertieite ()*	Isomertieite	Pd₁₁Sb₂As₂	19	19	1	64100	48
Jamesonite ()*	None	Pb₄FeSb₆S₁₄	25	24	2	64102,64103	784
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	25	24	1	64099	2228
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	25	19	2	64099,64100	5591
Kotulskite ()*	Nickeline	Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)	19	19	1	64100	116
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	25	19	2	64100,64102	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	25	19	2	64099,64100	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	25	24	2	64099,64102	5674
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O	25	24	1	64099	915
Meneghinite ()*	Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄	25	24	2	64099,64101	158
Merenskyite ()*	Melonite	PdTe₂	19	19	1	64100	155
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	19	19	1	64100	5800
Moncheite ()*	Melonite	Pt(Te,Bi)₂	19	19	1	64100	133
Montmorillonite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Na,Ca)_0.3(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O	19	19	1	64100	1508
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	25	19	2	64100,64102	17380
Naldrettite ()*	None	Pd₂Sb	19	19	1	64100	11
Pharmacosiderite ()*	Pharmacosiderite	KFe³⁺₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄·6-7H₂O	25	24	1	64104	428
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	25	19	6	64097,64099,64100,64101,64102,64103	39462
Pyrolusite ()*	Rutile	MnO₂	25	24	2	64102,64104	3106
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	25	24	1	64104	1725
Pyroxmangite ()*	None	Mn²⁺SiO₃	25	24	1	64099	147
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	25	24	1	64102	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	25	19	7	64097,64099,64100,64101,64102,64103,64104	61156
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)	25	24	5	64097,64099,64102,64103,64104	1711
Rhodonite ()*	Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn(Si₅O₁₅)	25	24	1	64099	969
Romanèchite ()*	None	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀	25	24	1	64104	312
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	25	19	2	64099,64100	5614
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	25	24	2	64099,64102	4894
Seligmannite ()*	Bournonite	CuPbAsS₃	25	24	1	64102	64
Sobolevskite ()*	Nickeline	PdBi	19	19	1	64100	44
Sopcheite ()*	None	Ag₄Pd₃Te₄	19	19	1	64100	24
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	25	19	4	64099,64100,64102,64103	21482
Stibnite ()*	Stibnite	Sb₂S₃	25	24	2	64101,64102	3418
Stromeyerite ()*	None	CuAgS	19	19	1	64100	332
Sylvanite ()*	Melonite	AgAuTe₄	19	19	1	64100	337
Telargpalite ()*	None	(Pd,Ag)₃Te	19	19	1	64100	18
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	25	24	1	64102	1803
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	25	19	3	64099,64100,64102	5317
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)	19	19	1	64100	1006
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	19	19	1	64100	5251

3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference ID
sedznpb-00211	25	24	25–24			28239	Cassandra Mine (Kassandra), Cassandra Mines, Aristotelis, Chalkidiki, Central Macedonia, Greece	Kassandra	Singer et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009-1252
sedznpb-00213	25	24	25–24			6963	Olympiada Mine (Olympias Mine), Cassandra Mines, Aristotelis, Chalkidiki, Central Macedonia, Greece	Olympias	Singer et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009-1252
PorphCu-00035	19	19	19	Actinolite, Albite, Anhydrite, Arsenopyrite, Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Epidote, Fluorite, Galena, Goethite, Gold, Kaolinite, Magnetite, Montmorillonite, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Electrum	Cu	9706	Skouries Mine, Cassandra Mines, Aristotelis, Chalkidiki, Central Macedonia, Greece	Skouries/Fisoka	Singer et al. (2008)	USGSOFR2008_1155

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...