Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

Important Update News

The RRUFF Project is being updated to improve its interface and content. The beta version of the update is accessible to the public at RRUFF.net. New data is only being added to the beta site. Please note that it is in development, and some components are not functional. Existing RRUFF.info links will resolve to the new site after RRUFF.net is officially released.

We are grateful to NASA for the funding of this effort.


The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, China

Oldest recorded age at locality: 309.4
Youngest recorded age at locality: 227.3

mindat Locality ID: 144068
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-144068.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, China": 14
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 14

Number of Child Localities: 14
Child Localities:
Erhongwa Cu-Ni Deposit (Hongwa Cu-Ni Deposit)
Hongling Cu-Ni Deposit
Hongshigang Cu-Ni Deposit
Huangshan Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshanxi Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit; Huangshan West Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit)
Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit)
Huangshannan Cu-Ni Deposit (Huangshan South Cu-Ni Deposit)
Hulu Cu-Ni Deposit
Jing'erquan Au Deposit
Jing'erquan Cu-Ni Deposit
Jing'erquan Pegmatite Field
Kushui Cu-Ni Deposit
Tudun Cu-Ni Deposit
Tula'ergen Cu-Ni-(Co) Deposit (Tulargen Cu-Ni-(Co) Deposit)
Xiangshan Cu-Ni-V-Ti Deposit

Latitude: 42°18'59"N
Longitude: 94°47'31"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 42.316388888889,94.791944444444
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Be Bi C Ca Co Cr Cs Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Na Ni O Pb Pt S Sb Si Te Ti Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AluniteAmphiboleAnalcimeArsenopyriteBerylBrownmilleriteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteClay
ClinozoisiteCobaltiteCopperCorundumCovelliteCubaniteEpidoteFeldsparGypsumKaolinite
MalachiteMarcasiteMelanteriteMicaMilleriteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePentlandite
PerovskitePyritePyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRutileSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinel
StibniteTalcTetradymiteTitaniteUllmanniteValleriiteWurtzite

72 IMA Minerals at location:
Albite  (*)Anorthite  (*)Antigorite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Augite  (*)
Azurite  (*)Beryl  (*)Bornite  (*)Brownmillerite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chromite  (*)Cobaltite  (*)
Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)Diopside  (*)Epidote  (*)Fluoro-richterite  (*)
Forsterite  (*)Galena  (*)Gold  (*)Gypsum  (*)Heazlewoodite  (*)
Hematite  (*)Hessite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)
Lead  (*)Mackinawite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)
Melanterite  (*)Microcline  (*)Millerite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nickeline  (*)
Nontronite  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Perovskite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)
Pilsenite  (*)Pollucite  (*)Polydymite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Retgersite  (*)Rutile  (*)Siderite  (*)Siegenite  (*)
Sperrylite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)Spodumene  (*)Stibnite  (*)
Talc  (*)Tellurobismuthite  (*)Titanite  (*)Tremolite  (*)Tschermakite  (*)
Tsumoite  (*)Ullmannite  (*)Ulvöspinel  (*)Vaesite  (*)Valleriite  (*)
Violarite  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)309.4227.3444263,44271,44273,442748803
Anorthite  (*)FeldsparCa(Al2Si2O8)309.4227.31442751036
Antigorite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4309.4227.3144273708
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS309.4227.31442669052
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O62962701442682060
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2309.4227.3344263,44274,442755509
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O18309.4227.31442714286
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4309.4227.31442665516
Brownmillerite  (*)Brownmillerite PerovskiteCa2Fe3+AlO5309.4227.314427521
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)309.4227.3344273,44274,4427527770
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O309.4227.3144275925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S309.4227.3244266,442705707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2301.52701144262,44264,44265,44266,44267,44268,44269,44270,44273,44274,4427527198
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O4309.4227.3344266,44273,442743902
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS309.4227.3344266,44274,44275966
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS309.4227.31442664165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3309.4227.3244266,44275802
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O6309.4227.3244270,442744135
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)309.4227.3344273,44274,442758173
Fluoro-richterite  (*)AmphiboleNa(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22F2309.4227.314427424
Forsterite  (*)OlivineMg2(SiO4)309.4227.31442741188
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS309.4227.3244269,4427524243
Gold  (*)CopperAu309.4227.314426930554
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O309.4227.31442756890
Heazlewoodite  (*)NoneNi3S2309.4227.3144266205
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3309.4227.314427514640
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te309.4227.3244266,44270804
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O3309.4227.3444266,44270,44274,442755433
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6309.4227.3444263,44264,44274,442752228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4309.4227.31442735591
Lead  (*)CopperPb309.4227.3144266192
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)309.4227.3344265,44266,44275451
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4309.4227.3644263,44266,44270,44273,44274,4427514899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2309.4227.3344264,44274,4427512537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2309.4227.3244266,442755674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O309.4227.3144275915
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)309.4227.31442714924
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS309.4227.3244266,442751066
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2309.4227.3644269,44270,44271,44273,44274,4427517380
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs309.4227.3244266,44275633
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O309.4227.3144275471
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS309.4227.3344266,44274,44275767
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S8309.4227.3944262,44264,44265,44266,44267,44268,44273,44274,442751512
Perovskite  (*)PerovskiteCaTiO3309.4227.3144275495
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)22852851442652273
Pilsenite  (*)TetradymiteBi4Te3309.4227.314427557
Pollucite  (*)AnalcimeCs(Si2Al)O6·nH2O309.4227.3144271140
Polydymite  (*)SpinelNi2+Ni3+2S4309.4227.3244266,44275131
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2309.4227.31144263,44264,44265,44266,44267,44268,44269,44270,44273,44274,4427539462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8309.4227.31144262,44263,44264,44265,44266,44267,44268,44270,44273,44274,442759056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2309.4227.3444264,44268,44271,4427561156
Retgersite  (*)NoneNi(SO4)·6H2O309.4227.314427555
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO2309.4227.31442665614
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)309.4227.31442756417
Siegenite  (*)SpinelCoNi2S4309.4227.3244266,44275249
Sperrylite  (*)PyritePtAs2309.4227.3144266337
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS309.4227.3344266,44269,4427521482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O4309.4227.31442751934
Spodumene  (*)PyroxeneLiAlSi2O6309.4227.3144271688
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S3309.4227.31442663418
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2309.4227.3944263,44264,44265,44266,44267,44268,44273,44274,442753337
Tellurobismuthite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te3309.4227.3144275276
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O309.4227.31442734899
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2309.4227.3244273,442742562
Tschermakite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2309.4227.314427473
Tsumoite  (*)TetradymiteBiTe309.4227.3144266100
Ullmannite  (*)UllmanniteNiSbS309.4227.3144266293
Ulvöspinel  (*)SpinelFe2+2TiO4309.4227.3244266,44275120
Vaesite  (*)PyriteNiS2309.4227.3144266106
Valleriite  (*)Valleriite2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]309.4227.3144266237
Violarite  (*)SpinelFeNi2S4309.4227.3544264,44265,44266,44274,44275380
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)309.4227.3244274,442751025


11 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
EG105_1057_004285285285       Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru144071Huangshan Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshanxi Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit; Huangshan West Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshanBegg et al. (2010)10.2113/econgeo.105.6.1057EG105_1057 
AGS77_220-00001301.5297.9299.7±1.8Re-Os chalcopyriteHD0-10  Chalcopyrite  144051Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshandong deposit, East TianshanMao et al. (2003)10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00565.xAGS77_220 
AGS77_220-00002240.5237.5239±1.5Re-Os  HD3-2  Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Chromite, Cobaltite, Cubanite, Linnaeite, Magnetite, Marcasite, Nickeline, Pentlandite, Pilsenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Rutile, Sphalerite, Troilite, Ullmannite, Valleriite, Violarite 144051Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshandong deposit, East TianshanMao et al. (2003)10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00565.xAGS77_220 
AGS77_220-00003231.6228.2229.9±1.7Re-Os  HD3-4  Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Chromite, Cobaltite, Cubanite, Linnaeite, Magnetite, Marcasite, Nickeline, Pentlandite, Pilsenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Rutile, Sphalerite, Troilite, Ullmannite, Valleriite, Violarite 144051Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshandong deposit, East TianshanMao et al. (2003)10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00565.xAGS77_220 
AGS77_220-00004230.1227.3228.7±1.4Re-Os  HD2-2  Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Chromite, Cobaltite, Cubanite, Linnaeite, Magnetite, Marcasite, Nickeline, Pentlandite, Pilsenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Rutile, Sphalerite, Troilite, Ullmannite, Valleriite, Violarite 144051Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshandong deposit, East TianshanMao et al. (2003)10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00565.xAGS77_220 
AGS77_220-00005276.5272.1274.3±2.2Re-Os  HD0-22  Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Chromite, Cobaltite, Cubanite, Linnaeite, Magnetite, Marcasite, Nickeline, Pentlandite, Pilsenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Rutile, Sphalerite, Troilite, Ullmannite, Valleriite, Violarite 144051Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshandong deposit, East TianshanMao et al. (2003)10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00565.xAGS77_220 
AGS77_220-00006279.4271275.2±4.2Re-Os  HD3-5  Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Chromite, Cobaltite, Cubanite, Linnaeite, Magnetite, Marcasite, Nickeline, Pentlandite, Pilsenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Rutile, Sphalerite, Troilite, Ullmannite, Valleriite, Violarite 144051Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshandong deposit, East TianshanMao et al. (2003)10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00565.xAGS77_220 
AGS77_220-00007309.4302.4305.9±3.5Re-Os  HD8-3  Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Chromite, Cobaltite, Cubanite, Linnaeite, Magnetite, Marcasite, Nickeline, Pentlandite, Pilsenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Rutile, Sphalerite, Troilite, Ullmannite, Valleriite, Violarite 144051Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshandong deposit, East TianshanMao et al. (2003)10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00565.xAGS77_220 
AGS77_220-00008302262282±20Re-Os high HD0-10,HD3-2,HD3-4,HD2-2,HD0-22,HD3-5,HD8-3    144051Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshandong deposit, East TianshanMao et al. (2003)10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00565.xAGS77_220 
Kristen002282302262282±20Re-Os       144051Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHuangshandong PlutonHan et al. (2014)10.1111/rge.12033RG64_136 
XG23_230-00001296270283±13Re-Os       144081Hulu Cu-Ni Deposit, Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ore Belt, Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.), Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, ChinaHulu Cu-Ni sulfide depositChen et al (2005) XG23_230 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...

Other copyright data...