Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Old Sandbed Mine (Old Sandbeds Mine), Caldbeck, Allerdale, Cumbria, England, UK

Oldest recorded age at locality: 272
Youngest recorded age at locality: 235

mindat Locality ID: 1445
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-1445.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Old Sandbed Mine (Old Sandbeds Mine), Caldbeck, Allerdale, Cumbria, England, UK": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 54°42'48"N
Longitude: 3°2'29"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 54.713333333333,-3.0413888888889

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Adelite	Allophane	Alunite	Andalusite	Apatite	Aragonite	Arseniosiderite	Arsenopyrite	Baryte	Calcite
Caledonite	Carminite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Connellite	Corundum	Descloizite	Devilline	Diaspore
Digenite	Ktenasite	Lepidocrocite	Linarite	Malachite	Marcasite	Mica	Mixite	Natrochalcite	Nickeline
None	Not in a structural group	Pharmacosiderite	Philipsburgite	Pyrite	Pyrochlore	Quartz	Rocksalt	Sphalerite	Sulphur
Tetrahedrite	Vivianite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Ba C Ca Cl Co Cu Fe H Hg K Mg Mn Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si V Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al As Ba C Ca Cl Co Cu Fe H Hg K Mg Mn Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si V Zn

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Adelite Allophane Alunite Andalusite Apatite Aragonite Arseniosiderite Arsenopyrite Baryte Calcite
Caledonite Carminite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Connellite Corundum Descloizite Devilline Diaspore
Digenite Ktenasite Lepidocrocite Linarite Malachite Marcasite Mica Mixite Natrochalcite Nickeline
None Not in a structural group Pharmacosiderite Philipsburgite Pyrite Pyrochlore Quartz Rocksalt Sphalerite Sulphur
Tetrahedrite Vivianite

74 IMA Minerals at location:

Anglesite ()*	Ankerite ()*	Annabergite ()*	Arsendescloizite ()*	Arseniosiderite ()*
Arsenopyrite ()*	Asbolane ()*	Azurite ()*	Bariopharmacosiderite ()*	Baryte ()*
Bayldonite ()*	Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Beudantite ()*	Bindheimite ()*	Brianyoungite ()*
Calcite ()*	Caledonite ()*	Carminite ()*	Cerussite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chrysocolla ()*	Cinnabar ()*	Clinochlore ()*	Connellite ()*	Cornwallite ()*
Cuprite ()*	Devilline ()*	Digenite ()*	Dolomite ()*	Duftite ()*
Erythrite ()*	Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Hematite ()*	Hemimorphite ()*
Hydrozincite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Köttigite ()*	Langite ()*	Lavendulan ()*
Lepidocrocite ()*	Linarite ()*	Malachite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Mawbyite ()*
Mimetite ()*	Mottramite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Olivenite ()*	Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*
Parnauite ()*	Pharmacosiderite ()*	Philipsburgite ()*	Plumbojarosite ()*	Posnjakite ()*
Pyrite ()*	Pyromorphite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Ramsbeckite ()*
Redgillite ()*	Romanèchite ()*	Schulenbergite ()*	Scorodite ()*	Segnitite ()*
Serpierite ()*	Smithsonite ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Strashimirite ()*	Sulphur ()*
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Wroewolfeite ()*	Yarrowite ()*	Zálesíite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of localities containing mineral
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	272	241	2734
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂	272	241	3092
Annabergite ()*	Vivianite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O	272	241	445
Arsendescloizite ()*	Adelite	PbZn(AsO₄)(OH)	272	241	20
Arseniosiderite ()*	Arseniosiderite	Ca₂Fe³⁺₃O₂(AsO₄)₃·3H₂O	272	241	194
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	272	241	9052
Asbolane ()*	Not in a structural group	Mn⁴⁺(O,OH)₂·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)_x(OH)_2x·nH₂O	272	241	143
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	272	241	5509
Bariopharmacosiderite ()*	Pharmacosiderite	Ba_0.5Fe³⁺₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄·5H₂O	272	241	150
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	272	241	11547
Bayldonite ()*	None	Cu₃PbO(AsO₃OH)₂(OH)₂	272	241	172
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Alunite	Pb(Fe³⁺₂Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	272	241	132
Beudantite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	272	241	413
Bindheimite ()*	Pyrochlore	Pb₂Sb⁵⁺₂O₇	272	241	450
Brianyoungite ()*	None	Zn₃(CO₃)(OH)₄	272	241	79
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	272	241	27770
Caledonite ()*	Caledonite	Cu₂Pb₅(SO₄)₃(CO₃)(OH)₆	272	241	359
Carminite ()*	Carminite	PbFe³⁺₂(AsO₄)₂(OH)₂	272	241	178
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	272	241	4979
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	272	241	27198
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	272	241	3531
Cinnabar ()*	None	HgS	272	241	2600
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	272	241	1756
Connellite ()*	Connellite	Cu₃₆(SO₄)(OH)₆₂Cl₈·6H₂O	272	241	295
Cornwallite ()*	None	Cu₅(AsO₄)₂(OH)₄	272	241	175
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	272	241	2970
Devilline ()*	Devilline	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	272	241	366
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	272	241	1027
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	272	241	9895
Duftite ()*	Adelite	PbCu(AsO₄)(OH)	272	241	220
Erythrite ()*	Vivianite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O	272	241	814
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	272	241	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	272	241	7437
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	272	241	14640
Hemimorphite ()*	Not in a structural group	Zn₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O	272	241	1689
Hydrozincite ()*	None	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆	272	241	1066
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	272	241	2228
Köttigite ()*	Vivianite	Zn₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O	272	241	60
Langite ()*	None	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆·2H₂O	272	241	593
Lavendulan ()*	None	NaCaCu₅(AsO₄)₄Cl·5H₂O	272	241	149
Lepidocrocite ()*	Lepidocrocite	Fe³⁺O(OH)	272	241	581
Linarite ()*	Linarite	CuPb(SO₄)(OH)₂	272	241	987
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	272	241	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	272	241	5674
Mawbyite ()*	Natrochalcite	PbFe³⁺₂(AsO₄)₂(OH)₂	272	241	19
Mimetite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	272	241	1107
Mottramite ()*	Descloizite	PbCu(VO₄)(OH)	272	241	362
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	272	241	17380
Olivenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(AsO₄)(OH)	272	241	492
Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Pyrite	NiAsS	272	241	767
Parnauite ()*	None	Cu₉(AsO₄)₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₀·7H₂O	272	241	105
Pharmacosiderite ()*	Pharmacosiderite	KFe³⁺₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄·6-7H₂O	272	241	428
Philipsburgite ()*	Philipsburgite	Cu₅Zn(AsO₄)(PO₄)(OH)₆·H₂O	272	241	31
Plumbojarosite ()*	Alunite	Pb_0.5Fe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	272	241	477
Posnjakite ()*	None	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆·H₂O	272	241	309
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	272	241	39462
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	272	241	1725
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	272	241	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	272	241	61156
Ramsbeckite ()*	None	Cu₁₅(SO₄)₄(OH)₂₂·6H₂O	272	241	68
Redgillite ()*	None	Cu₆(SO₄)(OH)₁₀·H₂O	272	241	45
Romanèchite ()*	None	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀	272	241	312
Schulenbergite ()*	Ktenasite	(Cu,Zn)₇(SO₄)₂(OH)₁₀·3H₂O	272	241	142
Scorodite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O	272	241	1153
Segnitite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	272	241	134
Serpierite ()*	Devilline	Ca(Cu,Zn)₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	272	241	292
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)	272	241	2473
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	272	241	21482
Strashimirite ()*	None	Cu₄(AsO₄)₂(OH)₂·2.5H₂O	272	241	90
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S	272	241	2045
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	272	241	5317
Wroewolfeite ()*	None	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆·2H₂O	272	241	95
Yarrowite ()*	None	Cu₉S₈	272	241	70
Zálesíite ()*	Mixite	CaCu₆(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆·3H₂O	272	241	84

5 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Sample Num	Age from other Locality	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID
JGS171_49_001	245	235	245-235	paleomag	age of hematite deposit			Yes	Hematite	25832	Cumbria, England, UK	Cumbria	Crowley et al. (2014)		JGS171_49
Kristen000277	241	241		K-Ar		illite	S1			1445	Old Sandbed Mine (Old Sandbeds Mine), Caldbeck, Allerdale, Cumbria, England, UK	Sandbed Mine	Ineson and Mitchell (1974)	10.1017/S0016756800041571	GM111_521
Kristen000278	263	263		K-Ar		illite	S2			1445	Old Sandbed Mine (Old Sandbeds Mine), Caldbeck, Allerdale, Cumbria, England, UK	Sandbed Mine	Ineson and Mitchell (1974)	10.1017/S0016756800041571	GM111_521
Kristen000279	272	272		K-Ar		illite	S3			1445	Old Sandbed Mine (Old Sandbeds Mine), Caldbeck, Allerdale, Cumbria, England, UK	Sandbed Mine	Ineson and Mitchell (1974)	10.1017/S0016756800041571	GM111_521
Kristen000280	243	243		K-Ar		illite	S4			1445	Old Sandbed Mine (Old Sandbeds Mine), Caldbeck, Allerdale, Cumbria, England, UK	Sandbed Mine	Ineson and Mitchell (1974)	10.1017/S0016756800041571	GM111_521

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...