Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 48.5
Youngest recorded age at locality: 39.1

mindat Locality ID: 14518
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-14518.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia": 21
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 17

Number of Child Localities: 11
Child Localities:
Amayapampa Gold Belt
Angeles Mine
Chayanta
Gioconda Deposit
La India Mine
La Poderosa Mine
La Tavoli Di' Ora Mine
Llallagua
Terremoto Mine (Pepito Mine)
Uncía
Vila Apacheta

Latitude: 18°29'40"S
Longitude: 66°29'58"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -18.494444444444,-66.499444444444

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allophane	Alluaudite	Alunite	Amorphous	Apatite	Arsenic	Arsenopyrite	Baryte	Beryl	Bournonite
Calcite	Caledonite	Chalcanthite	Chalcopyrite	Childrenite	Chlorite	Clay	Columbite	Copper	Corundum
Covellite	Cylindrite	Diaspore	Epsomite	Feldspar	Gypsum	Halotrichite	Kaolinite	Laueite	Linarite
Malachite	Marcasite	Matlockite	Melanterite	Mica	Monazite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Orpiment
Perovskite	Pyrite	Quartz	Rockbridgeite	Rocksalt	Rutile	Römerite	Scheelite	Serpentine	Sphalerite
Spinel	Stannite	Stannoidite	Stibnite	Sulphur	Tetrahedrite	Tourmaline	Tungstite	Turquoise	Vauxite
Vivianite	Wavellite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi C Ca Cd Ce Cl Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Na O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ti W Y Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allophane Alluaudite Alunite Amorphous Apatite Arsenic Arsenopyrite Baryte Beryl Bournonite
Calcite Caledonite Chalcanthite Chalcopyrite Childrenite Chlorite Clay Columbite Copper Corundum
Covellite Cylindrite Diaspore Epsomite Feldspar Gypsum Halotrichite Kaolinite Laueite Linarite
Malachite Marcasite Matlockite Melanterite Mica Monazite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Orpiment
Perovskite Pyrite Quartz Rockbridgeite Rocksalt Rutile Römerite Scheelite Serpentine Sphalerite
Spinel Stannite Stannoidite Stibnite Sulphur Tetrahedrite Tourmaline Tungstite Turquoise Vauxite
Vivianite Wavellite Wurtzite Zircon

110 IMA Minerals at location:

Allophane ()*	Alunite ()*	Anglesite ()*	Ankerite ()*	Antlerite ()*
Arsenic ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*	Augelite ()*	Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*
Bismite ()*	Bismoclite ()*	Bismuth ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Bornite ()*
Boulangerite ()*	Bournonite ()*	Caledonite ()*	Cassiterite ()*	Cervantite ()*
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcosiderite ()*	Childrenite ()*
Chlorapatite ()*	Chrysocolla ()*	Cookeite ()*	Copper ()*	Cordierite ()*
Covellite ()*	Crandallite ()*	Cronstedtite ()*	Cuprite ()*	Cylindrite ()*
Diadochite ()*	Dickite ()*	Dravite ()*	Epsomite ()*	Evansite ()*
Faustite ()*	Ferberite ()*	Ferrivauxite ()*	Florencite-(Ce) ()*	Fluorapatite ()*
Fluorwavellite ()*	Franckeite ()*	Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Gold ()*
Goyazite ()*	Greenockite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hagendorfite ()*	Halotrichite ()*
Hematite ()*	Hinsdalite ()*	Hisingerite ()*	Hübnerite ()*	Jamesonite ()*
Jarosite ()*	Jeanbandyite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Linarite ()*	Malachite ()*
Marcasite ()*	Mawsonite ()*	Melanterite ()*	Mélonjosephite ()*	Metavauxite ()*
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Muscovite ()*	Nacrite ()*	Natanite ()*	Opal ()*
Orpiment ()*	Orthoclase ()*	Paravauxite ()*	Pickeringite ()*	Plumbogummite ()*
Pyrargyrite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyromorphite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*
Realgar ()*	Rhodochrosite ()*	Rhodostannite ()*	Rockbridgeite ()*	Römerite ()*
Rutile ()*	Scheelite ()*	Siderite ()*	Sigloite ()*	Silver ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Stannite ()*	Stannoidite ()*	Stibnite ()*	Sulphur ()*
Tenorite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tungstite ()*	Variscite ()*	Vauxite ()*
Vivianite ()*	Wickmanite ()*	Wurtzite ()*	Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Allophane ()*	Allophane	Al₂O₃(SiO₂)_1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	470
Alunite ()*	None	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	2	26533,26547	966
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	48.5	39.1	1	26547	2734
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂			3	26539,26543,26552	3092
Antlerite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu²⁺₃(SO₄)(OH)₄	48.5	39.1	1	26547	246
Arsenic ()*	Arsenic	As	48.5	39.1	1	26547	379
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	48.5	39.1	2	26533,26547	9052
Augelite ()*	None	Al₂(PO₄)(OH)₃	48.5	39.1	1	26547	79
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	48.5	39.1	1	26547	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	48.5	39.1	3	26533,26542,26547	11547
Bismite ()*	None	Bi₂O₃	48.5	39.1	1	26547	214
Bismoclite ()*	Matlockite	BiOCl	48.5	39.1	1	26547	71
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi	48.5	39.1	1	26547	1966
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	48.5	39.1	1	26547	1935
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	48.5	39.1	2	26547,26552	5516
Boulangerite ()*	None	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁	48.5	39.1	1	26547	843
Bournonite ()*	Bournonite	CuPbSbS₃	48.5	39.1	1	26547	1089
Caledonite ()*	Caledonite	Cu₂Pb₅(SO₄)₃(CO₃)(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	1	26547	359
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	48.5	39.1	6	26541,26542,26545,26547,26548,26552	5171
Cervantite ()*	None	Sb³⁺Sb⁵⁺O₄	48.5	39.1	2	26543,26547	352
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	48.5	39.1	1	26547	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	48.5	39.1	3	26533,26547,26552	27198
Chalcosiderite ()*	Turquoise	CuFe³⁺₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	77
Childrenite ()*	Childrenite	Fe²⁺Al(PO₄)(OH)₂·H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	93
Chlorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl	48.5	39.1	1	26547	203
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	3531
Cookeite ()*	Chlorite Clay	(Al,Li)₃Al₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈	48.5	39.1	1	26547	181
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	48.5	39.1	1	26547	3846
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈	48.5	39.1	1	26547	1008
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	48.5	39.1	1	26547	4165
Crandallite ()*	Alunite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	1	26547	310
Cronstedtite ()*	Clay Serpentine	(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₃(Si,Fe³⁺)₂O₅(OH)₄	48.5	39.1	1	26547	54
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	2970
Cylindrite ()*	Cylindrite	FePb₃Sn₄Sb₂S₁₄	48.5	39.1	2	26547,26552	17
Diadochite ()*	Amorphous	Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)·6H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	81
Dickite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			1	26533	651
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	48.5	39.1	1	26547	648
Epsomite ()*	Epsomite	Mg(SO₄)·7H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	484
Evansite ()*	Amorphous	Al₃(PO₄)(OH)₆·8H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	56
Faustite ()*	Turquoise	ZnAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	24
Ferberite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺(WO₄)	48.5	39.1	3	26539,26543,26547	551
Ferrivauxite ()*	Vauxite	Fe³⁺Al₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₃·5H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	1
Florencite-(Ce) ()*	Alunite	CeAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	1	26547	73
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	48.5	39.1	1	26547	2740
Fluorwavellite ()*	Wavellite	Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂F·5H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	26
Franckeite ()*	Cylindrite	Pb_21.7Sn_9.3Fe_4.0Sb_8.1S_56.9	48.5	39.1	2	26547,26552	52
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	48.5	39.1	4	26533,26547,26550,26552	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	48.5	39.1	1	26547	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au			4	26533,26534,26537,26538	30554
Goyazite ()*	Alunite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	1	26547	173
Greenockite ()*	Wurtzite	CdS	48.5	39.1	1	26547	717
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	6890
Hagendorfite ()*	Alluaudite	Na₂MnFe²⁺Fe³⁺(PO₄)₃	48.5	39.1	1	26547	17
Halotrichite ()*	Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	409
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	48.5	39.1	1	26547	14640
Hinsdalite ()*	Alunite	PbAl₃(SO₄)(PO₄)(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	1	26547	82
Hisingerite ()*	Kaolinite Clay	Fe₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·2H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	144
Hübnerite ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺(WO₄)	48.5	39.1	2	26547,26550	469
Jamesonite ()*	None	Pb₄FeSb₆S₁₄	48.5	39.1	2	26533,26547	784
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	1	26547	2228
Jeanbandyite ()*	Perovskite	Fe³⁺Sn(OH)₅O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	7
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	48.5	39.1	1	26547	5591
Linarite ()*	Linarite	CuPb(SO₄)(OH)₂	48.5	39.1	1	26547	987
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	48.5	39.1	1	26547	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	48.5	39.1	2	26547,26548	5674
Mawsonite ()*	None	Cu₆Fe₂SnS₈			1	26552	92
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	915
Mélonjosephite ()*	None	CaFe²⁺Fe³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)	48.5	39.1	1	26547	6
Metavauxite ()*	None	Fe²⁺Al₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂·8H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	2
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(PO₄)	48.5	39.1	1	26547	945
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	48.5	39.1	2	26533,26547	17380
Nacrite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	48.5	39.1	1	26547	112
Natanite ()*	Perovskite	Fe²⁺Sn⁴⁺(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	1	26547	14
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O	48.5	39.1	2	26547,26550	2994
Orpiment ()*	Orpiment	As₂S₃	48.5	39.1	1	26547	511
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	48.5	39.1	1	26547	2349
Paravauxite ()*	Laueite	Fe²⁺Al₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂·8H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	19
Pickeringite ()*	Halotrichite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	265
Plumbogummite ()*	Alunite	PbAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	1	26547	170
Pyrargyrite ()*	None	Ag₃SbS₃	48.5	39.1	2	26547,26550	1425
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	48.5	39.1	8	26533,26539,26541,26542,26543,26547,26548,26552	39462
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	48.5	39.1	1	26547	1725
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	48.5	39.1	1	26547	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	48.5	39.1	10	26533,26534,26537,26538,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26552	61156
Realgar ()*	None	AsS	48.5	39.1	1	26547	712
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)	48.5	39.1	1	26547	1711
Rhodostannite ()*	Spinel	Cu¹⁺(Fe²⁺_0.5Sn⁴⁺_1.5)S₄			1	26552	10
Rockbridgeite ()*	Rockbridgeite	(Fe²⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)₂Fe³⁺₃(PO₄)₃(OH)₅	48.5	39.1	1	26547	206
Römerite ()*	Römerite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)₄·14H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	115
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	48.5	39.1	1	26547	5614
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	48.5	39.1	3	26533,26539,26547	4894
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	48.5	39.1	3	26533,26547,26552	6417
Sigloite ()*	Laueite	Fe³⁺Al₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₃·7H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	4
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag	48.5	39.1	1	26547	5186
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	48.5	39.1	6	26533,26539,26542,26547,26548,26552	21482
Stannite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₂FeSnS₄	48.5	39.1	2	26547,26552	668
Stannoidite ()*	Stannoidite	Cu₈(Fe,Zn)₃Sn₂S₁₂			1	26552	80
Stibnite ()*	Stibnite	Sb₂S₃	48.5	39.1	8	26533,26534,26537,26538,26539,26543,26544,26547	3418
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S	48.5	39.1	1	26547	2045
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO	48.5	39.1	1	26547	1101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	48.5	39.1	1	26547	5317
Tungstite ()*	Tungstite	WO₃·H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	118
Variscite ()*	None	Al(PO₄)·2H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	301
Vauxite ()*	None	Fe²⁺Al₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂·6H₂O	48.5	39.1	2	26546,26547	7
Vivianite ()*	Vivianite	Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O	48.5	39.1	1	26547	636
Wickmanite ()*	Perovskite	Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺(OH)₆	48.5	39.1	1	26547	24
Wurtzite ()*	Wurtzite	ZnS	48.5	39.1	1	26547	372
Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zircon	Y(PO₄)	48.5	39.1	1	26547	939
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	48.5	39.1	1	26547	5251

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	EPSL146_329_001	48.5	39.1	43.8±4.7	Sm-Nd	crystalization of apatite		apatite					Fluorapatite		12262	Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	Llallagua	Rakovan et al. (1997)		EPSL146_329

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R060399	Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R060399
R070533	Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R070533
R070538	Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R070538
R050468	Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R050468
R050577	Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R050577
R070594	Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R070594
R070421	Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R070421
R060186	Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R060186
R050194	Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R050194
R070017	Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R070017
R070724	Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R070724
R060925	Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R060925
R040179	Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R040179
R050314	Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R050314
X060017	Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/X060017
R040185	Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R040185
R050464	Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo, Potosí, Bolivia	https://rruff.info/R050464

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...