Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 90
Youngest recorded age at locality: 86

mindat Locality ID: 193987
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-193987.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia": 7
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 6

Number of Child Localities: 2
Child Localities:
Bolnisi District
Dmanisi

Latitude: 41°28'0"N
Longitude: 44°32'58"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 41.466666666667,44.549444444444

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Allargentum	Alunite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Baryte	Bournonite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Chalcostibite
Chlorite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Copper	Corrensite	Corundum	Covellite	Enargite	Epidote	Gypsum
Kaolinite	Melonite	Meneghinite	Mica	None	Not in a structural group	Pavonite	Pyrite	Pyrophyllite	Quartz
Rocksalt	Sphalerite	Stibnite	Tetradymite	Tetrahedrite	Wurtzite

Acanthite ()*	Actinolite ()*	Aikinite ()*	Alunite ()*	Anhydrite ()*
Baryte ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Bournonite ()*	Calaverite ()*	Chalcocite ()*
Chalcopyrite ()*	Clinochlore ()*	Covellite ()*	Diaphorite ()*	Dickite ()*
Dyscrasite ()*	Emplectite ()*	Enargite ()*	Epidote ()*	Freibergite ()*
Galena ()*	Gold ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Hydrobiotite ()*
Jarosite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Krennerite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Opal ()*
Pavonite ()*	Petzite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrophyllite ()*	Quartz ()*
Siderite ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetradymite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Cu Fe H K Mg O Pb S Sb Si Te Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Allargentum Alunite Amorphous Amphibole Baryte Bournonite Calcite Chalcopyrite Chalcostibite
Chlorite Clay Clinozoisite Copper Corrensite Corundum Covellite Enargite Epidote Gypsum
Kaolinite Melonite Meneghinite Mica None Not in a structural group Pavonite Pyrite Pyrophyllite Quartz
Rocksalt Sphalerite Stibnite Tetradymite Tetrahedrite Wurtzite

40 IMA Minerals at location:

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S	86	86	1	57213	2793
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	57214	3419
Aikinite ()*	Meneghinite	CuPbBiS₃	86	86	1	57213	315
Alunite ()*	None	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	86	86	1	57213	966
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	86	86	1	57213	1588
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	90	86	4	57211,57213,57214,57215	11547
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	86	86	1	57213	1935
Bournonite ()*	Bournonite	CuPbSbS₃	86	86	1	57213	1089
Calaverite ()*	Melonite	AuTe₂	86	86	1	57213	361
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	86	86	1	57213	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	90	86	2	57213,57215	27198
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈			1	57214	1756
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	86	86	1	57213	4165
Diaphorite ()*	None	Ag₃Pb₂Sb₃S₈	86	86	1	57213	126
Dickite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			1	57214	651
Dyscrasite ()*	Allargentum	Ag_3+xSb_1-x (x ≈ 0.2)	86	86	1	57213	180
Emplectite ()*	Chalcostibite	CuBiS₂	86	86	1	57213	246
Enargite ()*	Enargite Wurtzite	Cu₃AsS₄	86	86	1	57213	910
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	57214	8173
Freibergite ()*	Tetrahedrite	Ag₆[Cu₄Fe₂]Sb₄S₁₂	86	86	1	57213	663
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	86	86	1	57213	24243
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	90	86	3	57213,57214,57215	30554
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	86	86	1	57213	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃			1	57214	14640
Hydrobiotite ()*	Corrensite Clay	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄·nH₂O			1	57214	49
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	86	86	1	57213	2228
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	86	86	2	57213,57214	5591
Krennerite ()*	None	Au₃AgTe₈	86	86	1	57213	111
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	90	86	4	57211,57213,57214,57215	17380
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O	86	86	1	57213	2994
Pavonite ()*	Pavonite	AgBi₃S₅	86	86	1	57213	72
Petzite ()*	None	Ag₃AuTe₂	86	86	1	57213	409
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	90	86	3	57213,57214,57215	39462
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	86	86	1	57213	771
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	90	86	5	57211,57213,57214,57215,57216	61156
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)			1	57214	6417
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	90	86	2	57213,57215	21482
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	86	86	1	57213	1803
Tetradymite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S	86	86	1	57213	510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	86	86	1	57213	5317

3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference ID
vms-00489	90	90	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)	S	64579	Kvemo Bolnisi Deposit, Bolnisi District, Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia	Kvemo Bolnisi	Moiser et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009_1034
vms-00490	86	86	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)	S	23547	Madneuli Mine, Bolnisi District, Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia	Madneuli	Moiser et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009_1034
vms-00491	90	90	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)	S	64578	Tsiteli Sopeli Deposit, Bolnisi District, Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia	Tsiteli Sopeli	Moiser et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009_1034

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...