Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

Important Update News

The RRUFF Project is being updated to improve its interface and content. The beta version of the update is accessible to the public at RRUFF.net. New data is only being added to the beta site. Please note that it is in development, and some components are not functional. Existing RRUFF.info links will resolve to the new site after RRUFF.net is officially released.

We are grateful to NASA for the funding of this effort.

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Georgia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 90
Youngest recorded age at locality: 0

mindat Locality ID: 20403
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-20403.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Georgia": 67
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 54

Number of Child Localities: 13
Child Localities:
Adjaria Autonomous Republic
Djaparisghele
Gumiscana
Guria Region
Imereti Region
Kakheti Region
Kvemo Kartli Region
Mtskheta-Mtianeti Region
Racha-Lochkhumi-Kvemo Svaneti Region
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Region
Samtskhe-Javakheti Region
Shida Kartli Region
Tbilisi (Tiflis)

Latitude: 42°7'32"N
Longitude: 43°14'37"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 42.125555555556,43.243611111111

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Allargentum	Alunite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Analcime	Andalusite	Aragonite	Arsenic	Arsenopyrite
Auricupride	Baryte	Berthierite	Beryl	Bournonite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Chalcostibite	Chlorite	Clay
Clinozoisite	Cobaltite	Columbite	Copper	Corrensite	Corundum	Covellite	Cristobalite	Enargite	Epidote
Gismondine	Gypsum	Iron	Kaolinite	Löllingite	Marcasite	Melonite	Meneghinite	Mica	Molybdenite
Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Nowackiite	Orpiment	Pavonite	Perovskite	Prehnite	Pyrite	Pyrophyllite
Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile	Scheelite	Smectite-vermiculite	Sphalerite	Stannite	Stibnite	Tetradymite	Tetrahedrite
Tridymite	Wurtzite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Co Cu Fe H Hg K Li Mg Mn Mo Na O Pb S Sb Si Sn Te W Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Cu Fe Pb Sb Zn

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Allargentum Alunite Amorphous Amphibole Analcime Andalusite Aragonite Arsenic Arsenopyrite
Auricupride Baryte Berthierite Beryl Bournonite Calcite Chalcopyrite Chalcostibite Chlorite Clay
Clinozoisite Cobaltite Columbite Copper Corrensite Corundum Covellite Cristobalite Enargite Epidote
Gismondine Gypsum Iron Kaolinite Löllingite Marcasite Melonite Meneghinite Mica Molybdenite
Nickeline None Not in a structural group Nowackiite Orpiment Pavonite Perovskite Prehnite Pyrite Pyrophyllite
Quartz Rocksalt Rutile Scheelite Smectite-vermiculite Sphalerite Stannite Stibnite Tetradymite Tetrahedrite
Tridymite Wurtzite

90 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Actinolite ()*	Aikinite ()*	Aktashite ()*	Alunite ()*
Analcime ()*	Andalusite ()*	Anhydrite ()*	Antimony ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Auricupride ()*	Baryte ()*	Berthierite ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Bornite ()*
Boulangerite ()*	Bournonite ()*	Calaverite ()*	Calcite ()*	Cerussite ()*
Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Cinnabar ()*	Clinochlore ()*	Cobaltite ()*
Cookeite ()*	Copper ()*	Cordierite ()*	Cosalite ()*	Covellite ()*
Cristobalite ()*	Diaphorite ()*	Dickite ()*	Dyscrasite ()*	Emplectite ()*
Enargite ()*	Epidote ()*	Ferberite ()*	Freibergite ()*	Galena ()*
Gismondine ()*	Gold ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hedleyite ()*	Hematite ()*
Hydrobiotite ()*	Iron ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Krennerite ()*
Lead ()*	Leucite ()*	Löllingite ()*	Manganite ()*	Marcasite ()*
Meneghinite ()*	Metacinnabar ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Montmorillonite ()*	Muscovite ()*
Opal ()*	Orpiment ()*	Pavonite ()*	Petzite ()*	Pilsenite ()*
Prehnite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrolusite ()*	Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*
Quartz ()*	Realgar ()*	Rhodochrosite ()*	Scheelite ()*	Siderite ()*
Silver ()*	Smirnite ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Stannite ()*	Stibnite ()*
Sylvanite ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetra-auricupride ()*	Tetradymite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*
Tridymite ()*	Tsumoite ()*	Tvalchrelidzeite ()*	Wakabayashilite ()*	Zinc ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S	86	86	1	57213	2793
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	57214	3419
Aikinite ()*	Meneghinite	CuPbBiS₃	86	86	1	57213	315
Aktashite ()*	Nowackiite	Cu₆Hg₃As₄S₁₂	5	4	1	57233	22
Alunite ()*	None	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	86	86	1	57213	966
Analcime ()*	Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆)·H₂O			1	57202	1627
Andalusite ()*	Andalusite	Al₂SiO₅	5	4	2	57242,57254	1310
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	86	86	1	57213	1588
Antimony ()*	Arsenic	Sb	90	0	0		363
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	5	4	10	57223,57232,57233,57237,57238,57239,57242,57245,57249,57252	9052
Auricupride ()*	Auricupride Perovskite	Cu₃Au			1	57254	24
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	90	4	5	57211,57213,57214,57215,57245	11547
Berthierite ()*	Berthierite	FeSb₂S₄	5	4	1	57245	343
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	86	86	1	57213	1935
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄			1	57254	5516
Boulangerite ()*	None	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁	5	4	1	57245	843
Bournonite ()*	Bournonite	CuPbSbS₃	86	86	1	57213	1089
Calaverite ()*	Melonite	AuTe₂	86	86	2	57213,57254	361
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	5	4	4	57206,57207,57233,57245	27770
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)			1	57254	4979
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	86	86	1	57213	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	90	4	11	57213,57215,57223,57224,57232,57239,57242,57244,57245,57249,57254	27198
Cinnabar ()*	None	HgS	5	0	6	57228,57235,57237,57240,57245,57247	2600
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈			1	57214	1756
Cobaltite ()*	Cobaltite	CoAsS	5	4	2	57224,57244	966
Cookeite ()*	Chlorite Clay	(Al,Li)₃Al₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈	5	4	1	57233	181
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	90	0	0		3846
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈	5	4	1	57242	1008
Cosalite ()*	None	Pb₂Bi₂S₅			1	57254	344
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	86	86	1	57213	4165
Cristobalite ()*	Cristobalite	SiO₂			1	57203	453
Diaphorite ()*	None	Ag₃Pb₂Sb₃S₈	86	86	1	57213	126
Dickite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	5	0	3	57214,57240,57247	651
Dyscrasite ()*	Allargentum	Ag_3+xSb_1-x (x ≈ 0.2)	86	86	1	57213	180
Emplectite ()*	Chalcostibite	CuBiS₂	86	86	1	57213	246
Enargite ()*	Enargite Wurtzite	Cu₃AsS₄	86	86	1	57213	910
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	57214	8173
Ferberite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺(WO₄)	5	4	4	57235,57237,57238,57245	551
Freibergite ()*	Tetrahedrite	Ag₆[Cu₄Fe₂]Sb₄S₁₂	86	86	1	57213	663
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	86	4	5	57213,57224,57237,57242,57245	24243
Gismondine ()*	Gismondine	Ca₂(Si₄Al₄)O₁₆·8H₂O			1	57254	128
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	90	4	15	57213,57214,57215,57223,57233,57237,57245,57249,57250,57251,57252,57253,57254,57255,57262	30554
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	86	86	1	57213	6890
Hedleyite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₇Te₃			1	57254	104
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃			1	57214	14640
Hydrobiotite ()*	Corrensite Clay	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄·nH₂O			1	57214	49
Iron ()*	Iron	Fe	90	0	0		1089
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	86	86	1	57213	2228
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	86	4	6	57213,57214,57225,57226,57228,57233	5591
Krennerite ()*	None	Au₃AgTe₈	86	86	1	57213	111
Lead ()*	Copper	Pb	90	0	0		192
Leucite ()*	Analcime	K(AlSi₂O₆)			1	57202	233
Löllingite ()*	Löllingite	FeAs₂	5	4	1	57245	762
Manganite ()*	Rutile	Mn³⁺O(OH)			1	57206	770
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	5	4	2	57233,57245	5674
Meneghinite ()*	Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄	5	4	1	57245	158
Metacinnabar ()*	Sphalerite	HgS	5	0	1	57247	255
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	5	4	2	57226,57242	5800
Montmorillonite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Na,Ca)_0.3(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O			2	57203,57206	1508
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	90	4	15	57206,57211,57213,57214,57215,57232,57235,57237,57238,57239,57242,57244,57245,57252,57254	17380
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O	86	86	2	57197,57213	2994
Orpiment ()*	Orpiment	As₂S₃	5	4	3	57200,57228,57233	511
Pavonite ()*	Pavonite	AgBi₃S₅	86	86	1	57213	72
Petzite ()*	None	Ag₃AuTe₂	86	86	1	57213	409
Pilsenite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₄Te₃			1	57254	57
Prehnite ()*	Prehnite	Ca₂Al(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			1	57198	1898
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	90	4	17	57213,57214,57215,57223,57224,57225,57226,57232,57233,57235,57238,57239,57240,57242,57244,57245,57249	39462
Pyrolusite ()*	Rutile	MnO₂			1	57206	3106
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	86	86	1	57213	771
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	5	4	3	57242,57244,57245	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	90	4	27	57198,57199,57207,57211,57213,57214,57215,57216,57223,57224,57225,57226,57228,57232,57233,57235,57237,57238,57239,57240,57242,57244,57245,57249,57252,57254,57258	61156
Realgar ()*	None	AsS	5	0	3	57228,57233,57247	712
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)			1	57206	1711
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	5	4	3	57233,57245,57254	4894
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)			1	57214	6417
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag	5	4	1	57245	5186
Smirnite ()*	None	Bi³⁺₂Te⁴⁺O₅			1	57254	7
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	90	4	7	57213,57215,57233,57237,57242,57245,57254	21482
Stannite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₂FeSnS₄	5	4	1	57245	668
Stibnite ()*	Stibnite	Sb₂S₃	5	4	9	57225,57226,57228,57232,57233,57237,57238,57239,57245	3418
Sylvanite ()*	Melonite	AgAuTe₄			1	57254	337
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	86	86	1	57213	1803
Tetra-auricupride ()*	None	CuAu			1	57254	30
Tetradymite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S	86	86	1	57213	510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	86	86	1	57213	5317
Tridymite ()*	Tridymite	SiO₂			1	57254	458
Tsumoite ()*	Tetradymite	BiTe			1	57254	100
Tvalchrelidzeite ()*	None	Hg₃SbAsS₃	5	0	1	57247	6
Wakabayashilite ()*	None	(As,Sb)₆As₄S₁₄	5	4	1	57233	16
Zinc ()*	None	Zn	90	0	0		52

5 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
vms-00489	90	90	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)				S	64579	Kvemo Bolnisi Deposit, Bolnisi District, Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia	Kvemo Bolnisi	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009_1034
vms-00490	86	86	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)				S	23547	Madneuli Mine, Bolnisi District, Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia	Madneuli	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009_1034
vms-00491	90	90	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)				S	64578	Tsiteli Sopeli Deposit, Bolnisi District, Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia	Tsiteli Sopeli	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009_1034
DeepDive-Co-0053	5	4	5-4	K-Ar	age of the quartz veins in the Mestia-Racha district			193991	Mestia-Racha District, Racha-Lochkhumi-Kvemo Svaneti Region, Georgia	Mestia-Racha district	Kekelia et al. (2008)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.04.003	OGR34_369	age of the quartz veins in the Mestia-Racha district
Hg-00062	5	0		x-cutting relations, proximity to Neogene faults		Cinnabar, Metacinnabar, Tvalchrelidzeite	Hg	16070	Gomi As-Sb-Hg Deposit, Oni District, Racha-Lochkhumi-Kvemo Svaneti Region, Georgia		Kekelia et al. (2008)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.04.003	OGR34_369

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R061128	Gomi As-Sb-Hg Deposit, Oni District, Racha-Lochkhumi-Kvemo Svaneti Region, Georgia	https://rruff.info/R061128

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...