Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Oldest recorded age at locality: 354
Youngest recorded age at locality: 248

mindat Locality ID: 203809
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-203809.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany": 56
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 36

Number of Child Localities: 9
Child Localities:
Baumholder
Dienstweiler
Ellweiler
Herrstein
Hoppstädten-Weiersbach
Idar-Oberstein
Rhaunen
Rimsberg
Sonnenberg-Winnenberg

Latitude: 49°41'3"N
Longitude: 7°15'30"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 49.684166666667,7.2583333333333

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba C Ca Cd Cl Co Cu F Fe H Hg K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Ti U V Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAnalcimeApatiteAragoniteArsenicArsenopyriteAutuniteBaryteBrochantiteCalcite
ChabaziteChalcopyriteChloriteClayCopperCorundumCovelliteDiasporeDigeniteFluorite
HarmotomeHeulanditeKaoliniteLöllingiteLepidocrociteMalachiteMarcasiteMolybdeniteNatroautuniteNatrolite
NickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPhosphuranylitePolybasitePrehnitePumpellyitePyriteQuartzRocksalt
RutileSchoepiteSphaleriteTetrahedriteVivianiteVolborthiteWurtziteZircon

81 IMA Minerals at location:
Algodonite  (*)Analcime  (*)Ankerite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenic  (*)
Arsenopyrite  (*)Arsenuranospathite  (*)Arsenuranylite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Becquerelite  (*)Boltwoodite  (*)Bornite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Chabazite-Ca  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Cinnabar  (*)
Clinochlore  (*)Coffinite  (*)Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Curite  (*)Dewindtite  (*)Digenite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Erythrite  (*)
Eugenite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Galena  (*)Goethite  (*)Greenockite  (*)
Hallimondite  (*)Harmotome  (*)Hematite  (*)Heulandite-Ca  (*)Hügelite  (*)
Nováčekite-I  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Kasolite  (*)Laumontite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)
Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Metaheinrichite  (*)Metakahlerite  (*)Metazeunerite  (*)
Molybdenite  (*)Natrolite  (*)Natrouranospinite  (*)Nickeline  (*)Uranophane-β  (*)
Pearceite  (*)Poppiite  (*)Prehnite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)
Pyromorphite  (*)Quartz  (*)Romanèchite  (*)Rutherfordine  (*)Rutile  (*)
Safflorite  (*)Schoepite  (*)Scolecite  (*)Sharpite  (*)Silver  (*)
Sklodowskite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spionkopite  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Uraninite  (*)
Uranopilite  (*)Uranospinite  (*)Vésigniéite  (*)Volborthite  (*)Yarrowite  (*)
Zeunerite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Algodonite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu1-xAsx (x ≈ 0.15)354248261246,6124841
Analcime  (*)AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6)·H2O3542481612501627
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)23542481612933092
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)354248361263,61264,612863250
Arsenic  (*)ArsenicAs354248161257379
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS3542481612579052
Arsenuranospathite  (*)NoneAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2F·20H2O35424816125714
Arsenuranylite  (*)PhosphuranyliteCa(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4·6H2O3542481612577
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2354248561248,61250,61252,61264,612715509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)354248661252,61253,61263,61264,61278,6129011547
Becquerelite  (*)NoneCa(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O35424816125792
Boltwoodite  (*)None(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH)·1.5H2O35424816125767
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4354248361264,61271,612975516
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)63542481612711633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)3542481861243,61253,61255,61263,61264,61269,61271,61275,61278,61280,61281,61284,61285,61286,61287,61290,61293,6129727770
Chabazite-Ca  (*)ChabaziteCa2[Al4Si8O24]·13H2O354248361253,61263,61264310
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S354248561253,61257,61271,61284,612975707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2354248761252,61257,61264,61267,61271,61293,6129727198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O354248361248,61250,612533531
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS354248261252,612712600
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8354248261263,612641756
Coffinite  (*)ZirconU(SiO4)·nH2O354248161257566
Copper  (*)CopperCu354248361248,61250,612573846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS3542481612574165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O354248461246,61248,61250,612522970
Curite  (*)NonePb3+x[(UO2)4O4+x(OH)3-x]2·2H2O35424816125751
Dewindtite  (*)PhosphuranyliteH2Pb3(UO2)6O4(PO4)4·12H2O35424816125782
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S3542481612711027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2354248261246,612939895
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O354248161264814
Eugenite  (*)NoneAg11Hg235424816125317
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF2354248261263,612649617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS354248461257,61266,61267,6129324243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)354248861245,61255,61263,61264,61286,61287,61295,612977437
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS354248161257717
Hallimondite  (*)NonePb2(UO2)(AsO4)2·nH2O3542481612573
Harmotome  (*)HarmotomeBa2(Si12Al4)O32·12H2O354248961253,61263,61264,61275,61278,61281,61284,61285,61286290
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3354248661252,61263,61264,61286,61287,6129514640
Heulandite-Ca  (*)Heulandite(Ca,Na,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O354248161253246
Hügelite  (*)NonePb2(UO2)3(AsO4)2O2·5H2O3542481612578
Nováčekite-I  (*)NoneMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2·12H2O35424816125755
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)43542481612525591
Kasolite  (*)NonePb(UO2)(SiO4)·H2O354248161257198
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O354248461248,61250,61253,612841271
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)354248261263,61264581
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2354248761246,61250,61252,61263,61264,61271,6129712537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2354248561257,61263,61264,61271,612875674
Metaheinrichite  (*)NoneBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O35424816125719
Metakahlerite  (*)NoneFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O35424816125718
Metazeunerite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O354248161257182
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS23542481612575800
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O3542481612421236
Natrouranospinite  (*)NatroautuniteNa2(UO2)2(AsO4)2·5H2O35424816125713
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs354248161257633
Uranophane-β  (*)NoneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O354248161257144
Pearceite  (*)Polybasite[Ag9CuS4][(Ag,Cu)6(As,Sb)2S7]354248161257249
Poppiite  (*)PumpellyiteCa2V3+V3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2·H2O3542481612534
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)2354248661248,61250,61271,61272,61282,612831898
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2354248861257,61263,61264,61266,61267,61271,61287,6129339462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO23542481612523106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl3542481612931725
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO23542482761243,61244,61245,61246,61247,61252,61253,61255,61261,61263,61264,61266,61267,61268,61269,61271,61274,61275,61277,61278,61285,61286,61287,61289,61290,61293,6129561156
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10354248161252312
Rutherfordine  (*)None(UO2)(CO3)35424816125758
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO23542481612855614
Safflorite  (*)LöllingiteCoAs2354248161257317
Schoepite  (*)Schoepite(UO2)4O(OH)6(H2O)635424816125794
Scolecite  (*)NatroliteCa(Si3Al2)O10·3H2O354248161284390
Sharpite  (*)NoneCa(UO2)3(CO3)4·3H2O3542481612575
Silver  (*)CopperAg3542481612575186
Sklodowskite  (*)NoneMg(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O35424816125756
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS354248361257,61266,6129321482
Spionkopite  (*)NoneCu39S28354248261271,6129773
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S133542481612521803
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO23542481612572718
Uranopilite  (*)None(UO2)6(SO4)O2(OH)6·14H2O35424816125794
Uranospinite  (*)NoneCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O35424816125751
Vésigniéite  (*)NoneCu3Ba(VO4)2(OH)235424816125346
Volborthite  (*)VolborthiteCu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O354248261248,61250155
Yarrowite  (*)NoneCu9S8354248261271,6129770
Zeunerite  (*)AutuniteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·12H2O354248161257185



1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Hg-00059354248 ?-?    YesCinnabar, Corderoite, Mercury, Metacinnabar, Moschellandsbergite, Perroudite, Poyarkovite, Shakhovite, Tiemannite, EglestoniteHg14243Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany Krupp (1984); Krupp et al. (1989)   


SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R070016Idar-Oberstein, Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germanyhttps://rruff.info/R070016


All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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