Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Amorphous	Amphibole	Apatite	Aragonite	Astrophyllite	Baryte	Bastnäsite	Beryl	Brookite	Calcite
Cancrinite-sodalite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Columbite	Copper	Coronadite	Corrensite	Corundum
Crichtonite	Diaspore	Epidote	Feldspar	Fluocerite	Fluorite	Gadolinite	Gypsum	Halotrichite	Jarlite
Kaolinite	Löllingite	Malachite	Mica	Molybdenite	Monazite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Olivine
Palygorskite	Perovskite	Phenakite	Pyrite	Pyrochlore	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile	Römerite
Scheelite	Smectite-vermiculite	Sodalite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Titanite	Tivanite	Topaz	Tourmaline	Tridymite
Triplite	Weberite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Au B Ba Be C Ca Ce Cr Cu F Fe H K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb O P Pb S Si Sn Sr Ta Th Ti U V Y Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Amorphous Amphibole Apatite Aragonite Astrophyllite Baryte Bastnäsite Beryl Brookite Calcite
Cancrinite-sodalite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Clinozoisite Columbite Copper Coronadite Corrensite Corundum
Crichtonite Diaspore Epidote Feldspar Fluocerite Fluorite Gadolinite Gypsum Halotrichite Jarlite
Kaolinite Löllingite Malachite Mica Molybdenite Monazite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Olivine
Palygorskite Perovskite Phenakite Pyrite Pyrochlore Pyroxene Quartz Rocksalt Rutile Römerite
Scheelite Smectite-vermiculite Sodalite Sphalerite Spinel Titanite Tivanite Topaz Tourmaline Tridymite
Triplite Weberite Zircon

114 IMA Minerals at location:

Aegirine ()*	Albite ()*	Anatase ()*	Anglesite ()*	Annite ()*
Aragonite ()*	Arfvedsonite ()*	Astrophyllite ()*	Azurite ()*	Barylite ()*
Baryte ()*	Bastnäsite-(Ce) ()*	Bastnäsite-(La) ()*	Bertrandite ()*	Beryl ()*
Brookite ()*	Calcite ()*	Calcjarlite ()*	Carnotite ()*	Cassiterite ()*
Celestine ()*	Cerianite-(Ce) ()*	Cerussite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chamosite ()*	Clinochlore ()*	Columbite-(Fe) ()*	Cookeite ()*	Coronadite ()*
Corrensite ()*	Cryolite ()*	Danalite ()*	Elbaite ()*	Elpasolite ()*
Epidote ()*	Fayalite ()*	Fergusonite-(Y) ()*	Fluocerite-(Ce) ()*	Fluorapatite ()*
Fluorite ()*	Fluoro-riebeckite ()*	Gadolinite-(Y) ()*	Galena ()*	Gearksutite ()*
Genthelvite ()*	Gibbsite ()*	Goethite ()*	Gold ()*	Gypsum ()*
Hematite ()*	Hollandite ()*	Hydrokenoralstonite ()*	Hydromagnesite ()*	Ice ()*
Ilmenite ()*	Kainosite-(Y) ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Kasolite ()*	Laihunite ()*
Löllingite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Massicot ()*	Microcline ()*
Mirabilite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Montmorillonite ()*	Murataite-(Y) ()*
Muscovite ()*	Nacrite ()*	Nontronite ()*	Opal ()*	Orthoclase ()*
Pachnolite ()*	Palygorskite ()*	Phenakite ()*	Phlogopite ()*	Pickeringite ()*
Plattnerite ()*	Polylithionite ()*	Prosopite ()*	Proto-anthophyllite ()*	Proto-ferro-anthophyllite ()*
Pseudorutile ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrolusite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*
Rhodochrosite ()*	Riebeckite ()*	Römerite ()*	Rutile ()*	Samarskite-(Y) ()*
Sanidine ()*	Schorl ()*	Senaite ()*	Siderophyllite ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Spodumene ()*	Strontianite ()*	Thomsenolite ()*	Thorite ()*	Titanite ()*
Topaz ()*	Triplite ()*	Uraninite ()*	Uranophane-α ()*	Weberite ()*
Wulfenite ()*	Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Yttrotantalite-(Y) ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Aegirine ()*	Pyroxene	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆	1079	1075	2	188062,188066	1022
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	1079	1075	6	188062,188087,188088,188156,188159,188169	8803
Anatase ()*	Not in a structural group	TiO₂	1079	1075	2	188053,188169	2162
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	1079	1075	1	188062	2734
Annite ()*	Mica Clay	KFe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	1107.21	1007.21	4	188079,188150,188151,188156	356
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	1107.21	1007.21	2	188131,188156	3250
Arfvedsonite ()*	Amphibole	NaNa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	1079	1075	1	188066	295
Astrophyllite ()*	Astrophyllite	K₂NaFe²⁺₇Ti₂(Si₄O₁₂)₂O₂(OH)₄F	1079	1075	10	188053,188059,188062,188065,188066,188070,188077,188149,188152,188169	161
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂			1	188133	5509
Barylite ()*	None	BaBe₂Si₂O₇	1107.21	1007.21	1	188156	33
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	1107.21	1007.21	6	188053,188057,188062,188071,188081,188156	11547
Bastnäsite-(Ce) ()*	Bastnäsite	Ce(CO₃)F	1079	1075	5	188062,188087,188153,188169,188171	304
Bastnäsite-(La) ()*	Bastnäsite	La(CO₃)F			1	188171	30
Bertrandite ()*	Not in a structural group	Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂	1079	1075	7	188053,188062,188065,188120,188156,188159,188167	606
Beryl ()*	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	1107.21	1007.21	5	188067,188087,188088,188091,188156	4286
Brookite ()*	Brookite	TiO₂			1	188169	700
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	1030.013	1015	5	188081,188085,188131,188156,188158	27770
Calcjarlite ()*	Jarlite	Na₂(Ca, )₁₄(Mg, )₂Al₁₂F₆₄(OH)₄	1079	1075	1	188064	2
Carnotite ()*	None	K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂·3H₂O			1	188098	1184
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	1107.21	1007.21	5	188053,188062,188070,188156,188169	5171
Celestine ()*	Baryte	Sr(SO₄)			3	188106,188109,188110	1252
Cerianite-(Ce) ()*	Fluorite	CeO₂	1079	1075	2	188062,188171	94
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	1079	1075	1	188062	4979
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S			1	188133	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	1079	1075	4	188062,188070,188071,188099	27198
Chamosite ()*	Chlorite Clay	(Fe²⁺,Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈	1030.013	1015	1	188158	577
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	1030.013	1015	1	188158	1756
Columbite-(Fe) ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆	1107.21	1007.21	3	188062,188156,188169	518
Cookeite ()*	Chlorite Clay	(Al,Li)₃Al₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈			1	188169	181
Coronadite ()*	Coronadite	Pb(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆	1079	1075	1	188062	227
Corrensite ()*	Corrensite Clay	(Ca,Na,K)_1-x(Mg,Fe,Al)₉(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₁₀·nH₂O			2	188088,188089	49
Cryolite ()*	Perovskite	Na₂NaAlF₆	1079	1075	7	188053,188058,188062,188063,188064,188065,188070	50
Danalite ()*	Cancrinite-sodalite Sodalite	Be₃Fe²⁺₄(SiO₄)₃S	1079	1075	2	188053,188169	58
Elbaite ()*	Tourmaline	Na(Al_1.5Li_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	1079	1075	2	188159,188167	520
Elpasolite ()*	Perovskite	K₂NaAlF₆	1079	1075	2	188062,188065	16
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	1030.013	1015	2	188087,188158	8173
Fayalite ()*	Olivine	Fe²⁺₂(SiO₄)	1079	1075	8	188053,188062,188070,188079,188090,188149,188169,188170	371
Fergusonite-(Y) ()*	Scheelite	YNbO₄			1	188169	196
Fluocerite-(Ce) ()*	Fluocerite	CeF₃	1079	1075	5	188053,188087,188153,188169,188171	45
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	1030.013	1015	3	188085,188094,188158	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	1079	1075	21	188057,188058,188060,188062,188064,188065,188070,188071,188074,188077,188087,188088,188089,188090,188091,188128,188156,188157,188159,188167,188169	9617
Fluoro-riebeckite ()*	Amphibole	Na₂(Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂F₂			1	188149	2
Gadolinite-(Y) ()*	Gadolinite	Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂O₂(SiO₄)₂			1	188169	163
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	1079	1075	9	188053,188057,188060,188062,188064,188070,188071,188111,188114	24243
Gearksutite ()*	None	CaAlF₄(OH)·H₂O	1079	1075	4	188062,188063,188064,188065	68
Genthelvite ()*	Cancrinite-sodalite Sodalite	Be₃Zn₄(SiO₄)₃S	1079	1075	6	188062,188066,188077,188090,188169,188172	60
Gibbsite ()*	None	Al(OH)₃	1079	1075	1	188062	504
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	1079	1075	6	188111,188118,188156,188157,188159,188167	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	1079	1075	5	188054,188074,188137,188155,188167	30554
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O			7	188048,188080,188106,188107,188108,188173,188186	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	1079	1075	13	188059,188062,188087,188088,188111,188117,188118,188152,188156,188159,188167,188169,188170	14640
Hollandite ()*	Coronadite	Ba(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆			1	188169	243
Hydrokenoralstonite ()*	Pyrochlore	₂Al₂F₆(H₂O)	1079	1075	4	188062,188063,188064,188065	56
Hydromagnesite ()*	None	Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·4H₂O			1	188131	341
Ice ()*	Amorphous Tridymite	H₂O			1	188131	59
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	1107.21	1007.21	5	188059,188062,188149,188156,188169	5433
Kainosite-(Y) ()*	None	Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃)·H₂O			1	188169	99
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	1079	1015	5	188062,188064,188065,188158,188170	5591
Kasolite ()*	None	Pb(UO₂)(SiO₄)·H₂O	1079	1075	1	188062	198
Laihunite ()*	None	(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺, )₂(SiO₄)	1079	1075	3	188062,188079,188090	15
Löllingite ()*	Löllingite	FeAs₂	1079	1075	1	188062	762
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	1079	1075	3	188056,188079,188149	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂			1	188133	12537
Massicot ()*	None	PbO	1079	1075	1	188062	202
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	1079	1015	18	188058,188062,188064,188065,188066,188087,188088,188089,188090,188102,188156,188157,188158,188159,188167,188169,188170,188172	4924
Mirabilite ()*	None	Na₂(SO₄)·10H₂O			1	188131	223
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	1079	1075	1	188062	5800
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(PO₄)	1079	1075	1	188062	945
Montmorillonite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Na,Ca)_0.3(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O	1030.013	1015	2	188158,188164	1508
Murataite-(Y) ()*	None	(Y,Na)₆Zn(Zn,Fe³⁺)₄(Ti,Nb,Na)₁₂O₂₉(O,F,OH)₁₀F₄	1079	1075	2	188062,188066	2
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	1079	1015	9	188085,188089,188091,188094,188102,188156,188158,188159,188167	17380
Nacrite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	1079	1075	4	188053,188058,188062,188065	112
Nontronite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Na_0.3Fe³⁺₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O			2	188088,188089	471
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O			1	188152	2994
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	1107.21	1007.21	3	188077,188094,188156	2349
Pachnolite ()*	None	NaCaAlF₆·H₂O	1079	1075	5	188058,188062,188063,188064,188065	18
Palygorskite ()*	Palygorskite Clay	(Mg,Al)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)·4H₂O			1	188148	306
Phenakite ()*	Phenakite	Be₂(SiO₄)	1079	1075	7	188087,188088,188122,188159,188167,188168,188169	326
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	1107.21	1007.21	1	188156	2273
Pickeringite ()*	Halotrichite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O			1	188106	265
Plattnerite ()*	Rutile	PbO₂	1079	1075	1	188062	158
Polylithionite ()*	Mica	KLi₂AlSi₄O₁₀F₂	1107.21	1007.21	2	188087,188156	89
Prosopite ()*	None	CaAl₂F₄(OH)₄	1079	1075	4	188062,188063,188064,188065	39
Proto-anthophyllite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	188169	4
Proto-ferro-anthophyllite ()*	Amphibole	Fe²⁺₂Fe²⁺₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	188079	2
Pseudorutile ()*	Tivanite	Fe³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺₃O₉			1	188169	30
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	1107.21	1007.21	8	188062,188071,188085,188111,188114,188156,188167,188169	39462
Pyrolusite ()*	Rutile	MnO₂			1	188169	3106
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	1079	1075	1	188161	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	1079	1015	31	188043,188048,188053,188057,188058,188059,188060,188062,188064,188065,188066,188071,188077,188079,188085,188087,188088,188089,188090,188091,188094,188102,188133,188156,188157,188158,188159,188167,188169,188170,188172	61156
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)			1	188106	1711
Riebeckite ()*	Amphibole	Na₂(Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	1079	1075	9	188053,188058,188062,188065,188066,188070,188149,188152,188169	375
Römerite ()*	Römerite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)₄·14H₂O			1	188163	115
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	1079	1075	12	188053,188058,188059,188062,188065,188066,188070,188077,188149,188159,188167,188169	5614
Samarskite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈	1107.21	1007.21	1	188156	353
Sanidine ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	1107.21	1007.21	2	188088,188156	598
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	1107.21	1007.21	2	188087,188156	2705
Senaite ()*	Crichtonite	Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈	1079	1075	1	188066	28
Siderophyllite ()*	Mica	KFe²⁺₂Al(Si₂Al₂)O₁₀(OH)₂	1107.21	1007.21	2	188087,188156	92
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	1079	1075	8	188053,188057,188060,188062,188070,188071,188111,188114	21482
Spodumene ()*	Pyroxene	LiAlSi₂O₆			1	188088	688
Strontianite ()*	Aragonite	Sr(CO₃)			1	188106	589
Thomsenolite ()*	None	NaCaAlF₆·H₂O	1079	1075	5	188058,188062,188063,188064,188065	23
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)	1107.21	1007.21	8	188053,188062,188066,188070,188072,188149,188152,188156	1006
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	1079	1075	2	188053,188070	4899
Topaz ()*	Topaz	Al₂SiO₄F₂	1079	1015	13	188053,188062,188070,188083,188087,188088,188089,188156,188158,188159,188167,188168,188169	1476
Triplite ()*	Triplite	Mn²⁺₂(PO₄)F			1	188094	233
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂	1079	1075	1	188056	2718
Uranophane-α ()*	None	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂·5H₂O			2	188098,188152	890
Weberite ()*	Weberite	Na₂MgAlF₇	1079	1075	2	188058,188065	13
Wulfenite ()*	Scheelite	PbMoO₄	1079	1075	2	188062,188169	1655
Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zircon	Y(PO₄)	1107.21	1007.21	6	188053,188062,188066,188070,188156,188169	939
Yttrotantalite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	(Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄			1	188169	51
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	1107.21	1007.21	17	188053,188058,188062,188064,188065,188066,188070,188079,188082,188087,188090,188120,188149,188152,188156,188169,188172	5251

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Jen_0000008	shallow-seated complex, partly subvolcanic, with a series of elliptical intrusive centers
Jen_0000148	biotite+hornblende, gabbro, quartz, syenite, faylite granite, riebeckite granite

4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
Bradley_2012_132	1079	1075	1077±2	Ar/Ar			3668	Pikes Peak, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA	Pike's Peak	McCauley and Bradley (2014)	10.3749/canmin.52.2.183	CM52_183
USGS-Rb-Sr-00213	1107.21	1007.21	1057.21±50	Rb-Sr	age of intrusion	biotite	3668	Pikes Peak, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA		USGS-Rb-Sr		USGS-Rb-Sr
Jen_0000008	1015	1015	1015		age of batholith emplacement		65416	Pikes Peak Batholith Miarolitic Cavities, Pikes Peak, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA	Pikes Peak Batholith	Černý (1991)	10.1016/0301-9268(91)90111-M	PR51_429
Jen_0000148	1030.013	1029.987	1030±0.013	Rb-Sr			65416	Pikes Peak Batholith Miarolitic Cavities, Pikes Peak, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA	Pikes Peak Batholith, Colorado	Anderson (1983)	10.1130/MEM161-p133	GSAM161_133	anorogenic

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
FKM-139	El Paso Co., Colorado, USA	https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-126-to-fkm-150/#FKM-139

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...