Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Saudi Arabia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2500
Youngest recorded age at locality: 0

mindat Locality ID: 22386
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-22386.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Saudi Arabia": 89
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 65

Number of Child Localities: 13
Child Localities:
Mintaqah 'Asir
Mintaqah Al Bahah
Mintaqah Al Hudud Ash Shamaliyah
Mintaqah Al Jawf
Mintaqah Al Jizan
Mintaqah Al Madinah
Mintaqah Al Qasim
Mintaqah Ar Riyad
Mintaqah Ash Sharqiyah
Mintaqah Ha'il
Mintaqah Makkah
Mintaqah Najran
Mintaqah Tabuk

Latitude: 24°23'11"N
Longitude: 41°59'38"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 24.386388888889,41.993888888889

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo N Na Nb Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Ta Te Th Ti U V W Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAeschyniteAllophaneAmorphousAmphiboleApatiteAphthitaliteAragoniteArcaniteArsenic
ArsenopyriteAtacamiteAuricuprideBaryteBiphosphammiteCalciteCeriteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteChlorite
ClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteColumbiteCopperCorundumCovelliteCrichtoniteCubaniteDiaspore
DigeniteDundasiteEpidoteFeldsparFluoriteFritzscheiteGagariniteGarnetGypsumHydrotalcite
IronKaoliniteLindackeriteMalachiteMarcasiteMeloniteMicaMolybdeniteNickelineNolanite
NoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePalygorskitePentlanditePerovskitePolybasitePyritePyroxeneQuartz
RhodoniteRocksaltRutileScheeliteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStibniteTalc
TetrahedriteTitaniteTopazTridymiteWurtziteZircon

157 IMA Minerals at location:
Abhurite  (*)Acanthite  (*)Actinolite  (*)Aegirine  (*)Aeschynite-(Y)  (*)
Alabandite  (*)Albite  (*)Almandine  (*)Altaite  (*)Anglesite  (*)
Anhydrite  (*)Anilite  (*)Anorthite  (*)Aphthitalite  (*)Aragonite  (*)
Arcanite  (*)Archerite  (*)Arfvedsonite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Augite  (*)
Awaruite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Biphosphammite  (*)Bismuth  (*)
Bismuthinite  (*)Bornite  (*)Calaverite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophanite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)
Chromite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Cobaltite  (*)Coesite  (*)
Cohenite  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)
Cuprite  (*)Diopside  (*)Dolomite  (*)Dundasite  (*)Epidote  (*)
Euxenite-(Y)  (*)Fayalite  (*)Fergusonite-(Y)  (*)Ferrihydrite  (*)Ferrimolybdite  (*)
Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Forsterite  (*)Frohbergite  (*)Gagarinite-(Y)  (*)
Gahnite  (*)Galena  (*)Geerite  (*)Geigerite  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gold  (*)Graphite  (*)Grossular  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)
Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hessite  (*)Hillebrandite  (*)Hydroxylapatite  (*)
Hydrozincite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Iron  (*)Ixiolite  (*)Johannsenite  (*)
Kaolinite  (*)Kutnohorite  (*)Linnaeite  (*)Mackinawite  (*)Maghemite  (*)
Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Mckinstryite  (*)
Merrillite  (*)Metatyuyamunite  (*)Microcline  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Offretite  (*)Opal  (*)Palygorskite  (*)Paratacamite  (*)Pargasite  (*)
Pentlandite  (*)Petzite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Polybasite  (*)Polydymite  (*)
Proustite  (*)Pyrargyrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Reevesite  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Rhodonite  (*)Rickardite  (*)
Romarchite  (*)Rutile  (*)Samarskite-(Y)  (*)Saponite  (*)Scheelite  (*)
Schreibersite  (*)Senaite  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)
Spessartine  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)Stannite  (*)Stibnite  (*)
Stishovite  (*)Stromeyerite  (*)Sylvanite  (*)Taenite  (*)Talc  (*)
Tellurium  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Thorite  (*)Tinaksite  (*)
Titanite  (*)Topaz  (*)Tremolite  (*)Tridymite  (*)Troilite  (*)
Tunisite  (*)Uraninite  (*)Urea  (*)Vaesite  (*)Varlamoffite  (*)
Volkovskite  (*)Volynskite  (*)Vulcanite  (*)Waimirite-(Y)  (*)Whitlockite  (*)
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Abhurite  (*)Not in a structural groupSn2+21O6(OH)14Cl160011046297
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S8008003104579,104600,1046442793
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)225005413104562,104595,1045973419
Aegirine  (*)PyroxeneNaFe3+Si2O611046401022
Aeschynite-(Y)  (*)Aeschynite(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)61104640141
Alabandite  (*)RocksaltMnS7026301104636312
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)25005418104561,104562,104573,104597,104619,104623,104640,1046418803
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)311045972353
Altaite  (*)RocksaltPbTe8008002104579,104644489
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)11046442734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)002104589,1046261588
Anilite  (*)DigeniteCu7S42104591,10459288
Anorthite  (*)FeldsparCa(Al2Si2O8)11046381036
Aphthitalite  (*)AphthitaliteK3Na(SO4)200110462677
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)11046293250
Arcanite  (*)ArcaniteK2(SO4)00110462630
Archerite  (*)BiphosphammiteH2K(PO4)0011046267
Arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)21104640295
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS25005419104579,104581,104583,104590,104595,104600,104619,104625,1046339052
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O62104573,1045972060
Awaruite  (*)Auricupride PerovskiteNi3Fe1104613166
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2250054111045625509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)25005416104562,104589,104597,104630,104641,10464411547
Biphosphammite  (*)Biphosphammite(NH4)H2(PO4)00110462611
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi8008002104579,1046191966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S32104590,1046191935
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS42104590,1045975516
Calaverite  (*)MeloniteAuTe21104644361
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)2500011104558,104562,104573,104597,104600,104603,104615,104623,104626,104641,10464427770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO24104590,104619,104625,1046405171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)11046444979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O2104591,104592925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S4104591,104592,104619,1046445707
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O1104597197
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2250054119104562,104577,104579,104581,104582,104583,104589,104590,104591,104592,104595,104597,104600,104619,104625,104630,104633,104636,10464427198
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O43104612,104614,1046383902
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O3104591,104592,1046443531
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)825005412104562,1045731756
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS8008001104579966
Coesite  (*)Not in a structural groupSiO2110461677
Cohenite  (*)PerovskiteCFe3110461377
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O61104641518
Copper  (*)CopperCu11046123846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS2104619,1046444165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S37026302104597,104636802
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O11045822970
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O63104597,104623,1046384135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)225005413104597,104620,1046339895
Dundasite  (*)DundasitePbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O110457397
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)25005415104562,104597,104600,104623,1046448173
Euxenite-(Y)  (*)ColumbiteY(NbTi)O61104641414
Fayalite  (*)OlivineFe2+2(SiO4)1104619371
Fergusonite-(Y)  (*)ScheeliteYNbO41104641196
Ferrihydrite  (*)NolaniteFe3+10O14(OH)2110462786
Ferrimolybdite  (*)NoneFe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O1104619345
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F11046032740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF26104561,104590,104619,104625,104640,1046419617
Forsterite  (*)OlivineMg2(SiO4)11046141188
Frohbergite  (*)MarcasiteFeTe28008002104579,10464440
Gagarinite-(Y)  (*)GagariniteNaCaYF611046418
Gahnite  (*)SpinelZnAl2O425005411104562445
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS250054113104562,104579,104583,104589,104590,104591,104595,104600,104619,104625,104630,104640,10464424243
Geerite  (*)NoneCu8S52104591,10459238
Geigerite  (*)LindackeriteMn2+5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·10H2O11045737
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)25005414104562,104613,104627,1046417437
Gold  (*)CopperAu250054113104558,104574,104579,104581,104582,104583,104589,104593,104595,104625,104633,104644,10464530554
Graphite  (*)NoneC25005414104581,104583,104613,1046382812
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)32104597,1046231544
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O4104570,104589,104608,1046096890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl002104609,1046261398
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O325005419104562,104576,104582,104589,104597,104619,104633,104642,10464414640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O11046441689
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te8008002104579,104644804
Hillebrandite  (*)NoneCa2SiO3(OH)2110461817
Hydroxylapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3OH001104626367
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)611046441066
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O36104592,104597,104612,104619,104638,1046415433
Iron  (*)IronFe4104612,104613,104614,1046381089
Ixiolite  (*)Columbite(Ta2/3Mn2+1/3)O21104561148
Johannsenite  (*)PyroxeneCaMnSi2O6110459773
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)411045735591
Kutnohorite  (*)NoneCaMn2+(CO3)21104629234
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S425005411104583249
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)7026301104636451
Maghemite  (*)Spinel(Fe3+0.67   0.33)Fe3+2O42104613,104616229
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)25005413104558,104578,1046201487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4250054113104558,104572,104573,104579,104581,104582,104589,104597,104600,104616,104619,104642,10464414899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)225005414104562,104630,104633,10464412537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS22104581,1046195674
Mckinstryite  (*)NoneAg5Cu3S42104591,10459251
Merrillite  (*)CeriteCa9NaMg(PO4)71104638230
Metatyuyamunite  (*)FritzscheiteCa(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O1104603129
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)5104561,104573,104640,104641,1046444924
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS225005414104581,104583,104590,1046365800
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2250054111104561,104562,104589,104590,104595,104619,104625,104627,104633,104641,10464417380
Offretite  (*)Not in a structural groupKCaMg(Si13Al5)O36·15H2O1104573146
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O0011046262994
Palygorskite  (*)Palygorskite Clay(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O002104609,104626306
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)61104627158
Pargasite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)21104573313
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S87026302104581,1046361512
Petzite  (*)NoneAg3AuTe21104644409
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)211046412273
Polybasite  (*)Polybasite[Ag9CuS4][(Ag,Cu)6(Sb,As)2S7]2104577,104600716
Polydymite  (*)SpinelNi2+Ni3+2S41104577131
Proustite  (*)NoneAg3AsS31104619733
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS32104600,1046191425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2250054117104559,104562,104577,104579,104582,104583,104589,104590,104595,104597,104600,104619,104625,104627,104633,104636,10464439462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO211046443106
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S825005418104562,104572,104579,104583,104590,104595,104633,1046369056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2250054122104561,104562,104573,104576,104581,104582,104589,104590,104597,104600,104603,104609,104616,104619,104623,104625,104626,104630,104633,104640,104641,10464461156
Reevesite  (*)HydrotalciteNi6Fe3+2(CO3)(OH)16·4H2O2104573,10461648
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)11045971711
Rhodonite  (*)RhodoniteCaMn3Mn(Si5O15)1104597969
Rickardite  (*)NoneCu3-xTe2110464452
Romarchite  (*)NoneSnO110462913
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO25104592,104619,104625,104640,1046415614
Samarskite-(Y)  (*)ColumbiteYFe3+Nb2O83104619,104640,104641353
Saponite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O1104572301
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)2104560,1045904894
Schreibersite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)3P1104613374
Senaite  (*)CrichtonitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38110464028
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)7026303104619,104636,1046446417
Silver  (*)CopperAg3104600,104619,1046445186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)11046442473
Spessartine  (*)GarnetMn2+3Al2(SiO4)311045971214
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS250054113104562,104577,104579,104581,104583,104589,104597,104600,104619,104625,104633,104640,10464421482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O42104614,1046381934
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS42104590,104625668
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S311045903418
Stishovite  (*)RutileSiO2110461626
Stromeyerite  (*)NoneCuAgS3104591,104592,104600332
Sylvanite  (*)MeloniteAgAuTe41104644337
Taenite  (*)None(Ni,Fe)4104612,104613,104616,104638703
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)225005413104562,104589,1046333337
Tellurium  (*)NoneTe8008001104579190
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO11045821101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S1325005416104562,104597,104600,104619,104625,1046445317
Thorite  (*)ZirconTh(SiO4)2104640,1046411006
Tinaksite  (*)NoneK2NaCa2TiSi7O18(OH)O11045739
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O2104592,1046234899
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F211046191476
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)211045972562
Tridymite  (*)TridymiteSiO21104638458
Troilite  (*)NoneFeS4104612,104613,104614,1046381044
Tunisite  (*)NoneNaCa2Al4(CO3)4(OH)8Cl11045735
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO22104576,1046402718
Urea  (*)NoneCO(NH2)20011046264
Vaesite  (*)PyriteNiS21104577106
Varlamoffite  (*)Rutile(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2110461956
Volkovskite  (*)NoneKCa4B22O32(OH)10Cl·4H2O11045739
Volynskite  (*)NoneAgBiTe28008002104579,10464464
Vulcanite  (*)NoneCuTe800800110457911
Waimirite-(Y)  (*)NoneYF311046412
Whitlockite  (*)CeriteCa9Mg(PO3OH)(PO4)6001104626104
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)ZirconY(PO4)2104640,104641939
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)5104576,104580,104619,104640,1046415251



Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Michelle_0034Lava tube cave


15 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
vms-008352500541Proterozoic        27717Al Hajar Mine, Mintaqah 'Asir, Saudi ArabiaAl HajarMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-00840800800Proterozoic       S244355Jabal Ash Shizm, Mintaqah Al Madinah, Saudi ArabiaAsh ShizmMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
vms-00844800800Proterozoic       S19975Jabal Sayid Mine (Jabal Sayid Cu-Zn Deposit), Mintaqah Al Madinah, Saudi ArabiaJabal SayidMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
JGSL141_1043_0001702686694 ± 8U-Pbhost rockzircon   Zircon  17151Nuqrah Deposit (Nuqrah Mine), Mintaqah Al Madinah, Saudi ArabiaNuqrah mineStacey (1984) JGSL141_1043 
JGSL141_1043_0002640630635 ± 5U-Pbhost rockzircon   Zircon  17151Nuqrah Deposit (Nuqrah Mine), Mintaqah Al Madinah, Saudi ArabiaNuqrah mineStacey (1984) JGSL141_1043 
vms-008492500541Proterozoic        244361Nugrah North, Nuqrah Deposit (Nuqrah Mine), Mintaqah Al Madinah, Saudi ArabiaNuqrah NorthMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-008502500541Proterozoic        244362Nugrah South, Nuqrah Deposit (Nuqrah Mine), Mintaqah Al Madinah, Saudi ArabiaNuqrah SouthMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-008472500541Proterozoic        244357Umm Ad Damar, Mintaqah Al Madinah, Saudi ArabiaJibal Umm Ad Damar (South Prospect)Moiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
Michelle_0034000 Age of mineralization Hi7, Hi8, Hi15, Hizz    195731Hibashi Cave, Mintaqah Makkah, Saudi ArabiaHibashi CaveForti et al. (2004)10.3986/ac.v33i2.299AC33_189Cave is rich in fossils and surface minerals
vms-00836785785Proterozoic       S244359Al Halahila, Mintaqah Najran, Saudi ArabiaAl HalahilaMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
vms-008372500541Proterozoic        8418Al Masane Mine (Al Massane Mine), Mintaqah Najran, Saudi ArabiaAl Masane (Al Hourah)Moiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-008382500541Proterozoic        8418Al Masane Mine (Al Massane Mine), Mintaqah Najran, Saudi ArabiaAl Masane (Moyeath)Moiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-008392500541Proterozoic        8418Al Masane Mine (Al Massane Mine), Mintaqah Najran, Saudi ArabiaAl Masane (Saadah)Moiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
JGSL141_1043_0001a702686694 ± 8U-Pbhost rockzircon   Zircon  241259Wadi Qatan, Mintaqah Najran, Saudi ArabiaHalaban-Al Amar regionStacey (1984) JGSL141_1043 
JGSL141_1043_0002a640630635 ± 5U-Pbhost rockzircon   Zircon  241259Wadi Qatan, Mintaqah Najran, Saudi ArabiaHalaban-Al Amar regionStacey (1984) JGSL141_1043 


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