Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Black Sea Region, Turkey

Oldest recorded age at locality: 201
Youngest recorded age at locality: 36.69

mindat Locality ID: 24039
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-24039.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Black Sea Region, Turkey": 78
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 50

Number of Child Localities: 18
Child Localities:
Amasya Province
Artvin Province
Bartin Province
Bayburt Province
Bolu Province
Çorum Province
Düzce Province
Giresun Province
Gümüşhane Province
Karabük Province
Kastamonu Province
Ordu Province
Rize Province
Samsun Province
Sinop Province
Tokat Province
Trabzon Province
Zonguldak Province

Latitude: 40°56'15"N
Longitude: 37°43'41"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 40.9375,37.728055555556

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi C Ca Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe H Hg K Mg Mn Mo Na O Pb S Sb Se Si Sr Te Ti U W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmphiboleAnalcimeApatiteArsenopyriteBaryteCalciteCancrinite-sodaliteChalcanthite
ChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteCubaniteDiasporeDigenite
EnargiteEpidoteFeldsparFluoriteGarnetGypsumKaoliniteLepidocrociteMalachiteMarcasite
MelanteriteMeliliteMeneghiniteMicaMolybdeniteMordeniteNatroliteNickelineNoneNot in a structural group
OlivineOrpimentPerovskitePyritePyrophyllitePyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRutileScheelite
SerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSodaliteSphaleriteSpinelSpurrite-AfwilliteStanniteStibniteSulphurTalc
TetradymiteTetrahedriteTitaniteTobermoriteTourmalineTridymiteVesuvianiteWollastoniteWurtziteWöhlerite
Zinkenite

124 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Aikinite  (*)Albite  (*)Alunite  (*)Analcime  (*)
Anatase  (*)Andradite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Anilite  (*)Ankerite  (*)
Antigorite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Betekhtinite  (*)Bicchulite  (*)Bornite  (*)Calcite  (*)Carrollite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chromite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)
Chrysotile  (*)Cinnabar  (*)Clausthalite  (*)Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)
Cryptomelane  (*)Cubanite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Cuspidine  (*)Defernite  (*)
Dellaite  (*)Diaspore  (*)Dickite  (*)Digenite  (*)Diopside  (*)
Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)Enargite  (*)Epidote  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Foitite  (*)Foshagite  (*)Freibergite  (*)Galena  (*)Gehlenite  (*)
Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Gudmundite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hausmannite  (*)
Hematite  (*)Hercynite  (*)Hessite  (*)Hillebrandite  (*)Hydroxylellestadite  (*)
Idaite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Killalaite  (*)Larnite  (*)
Laumontite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Leucite  (*)Linnaeite  (*)Lizardite  (*)
Luzonite  (*)Maghemite  (*)Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Manganite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Matildite  (*)Mckinstryite  (*)Melanterite  (*)
Molybdenite  (*)Monticellite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Mordenite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Natroalunite  (*)Natrolite  (*)Nepheline  (*)Orpiment  (*)Perovskite  (*)
Phlogopite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrophyllite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Realgar  (*)Rustumite  (*)Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)
Schorl  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)
Spurrite  (*)Stibnite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Talc  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)
Tenorite  (*)Tetradymite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Tilleyite  (*)Titanite  (*)
Tobermorite  (*)Todorokite  (*)Trabzonite  (*)Tremolite  (*)Uraninite  (*)
Vesuvianite  (*)Wollastonite  (*)Yarrowite  (*)Zinkenite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2100663116430,116436,1164483419
Aikinite  (*)MeneghiniteCuPbBiS3100662116406,116407315
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)20137.33116402,116440,1164488803
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)65116421,116424,116433,116445,116454966
Analcime  (*)AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6)·H2O2116455,1164691627
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO211164452162
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)32116430,1164491534
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)37.337.311164021588
Anilite  (*)DigeniteCu7S410066111643188
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2100662116418,1164653092
Antigorite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)41116436708
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS100664116405,116422,116448,1164599052
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6124.637.31116398919
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)210037.35116402,116431,116432,116445,1164675509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)100667116401,116418,116445,116448,116454,116463,11646511547
Betekhtinite  (*)None(Cu,Fe)21Pb2S15111641745
Bicchulite  (*)Cancrinite-sodalite SodaliteCa2Al2SiO6(OH)211164496
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS420136.6913116397,116402,116405,116422,116431,116437,116438,116440,116448,116454,116464,116465,1164675516
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)20136.6916116397,116418,116420,116421,116424,116440,116448,116449,116452,116455,116459,116463,116466,116467,116469,11647227770
Carrollite  (*)SpinelCuCo2S42011453116437,116438,116440154
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O100661116432925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S10037.37116402,116431,116432,116448,116454,116465,1164675707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS220136.6922116397,116400,116402,116404,116407,116408,116418,116420,116422,116424,116431,116432,116437,116438,116439,116440,116445,116448,116454,116464,116465,11646727198
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O4100662116436,1164483902
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O11164603531
Chrysotile  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)41116436951
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS11164452600
Clausthalite  (*)RocksaltPbSe100662116406,116407281
Copper  (*)CopperCu65.537.32116402,1164643846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS20137.313116402,116407,116422,116431,116432,116437,116438,116439,116440,116448,116454,116464,1164674165
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O161116470599
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S365.555.81116464802
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O65.555.82116401,1164642970
Cuspidine  (*)WöhleriteCa8(Si2O7)2F4111644967
Defernite  (*)NoneCa6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7[Cl0.50(OH)0.08(H2O)0.42]11164492
Dellaite  (*)NoneCa6(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)211164495
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)2116454,116463481
Dickite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)41116463651
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S20155.85116431,116437,116438,116440,1164641027
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O63116412,116430,1164494135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2100663116407,116445,1164489895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1116424648
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS437.337.32116402,116454910
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)20136.697116397,116402,116430,116436,116440,116448,1164648173
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF211164249617
Foitite  (*)Tourmaline   (Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)111642475
Foshagite  (*)NoneCa4(SiO3)3(OH)2111644919
Freibergite  (*)TetrahedriteAg6[Cu4Fe2]Sb4S12100661116431663
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS20136.6915116397,116402,116407,116408,116418,116422,116424,116431,116432,116440,116445,116448,116454,116465,11646724243
Gehlenite  (*)MeliliteCa2Al(SiAl)O71116449114
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)2011455116401,116420,116421,116440,1164637437
Gold  (*)CopperAu80807116401,116404,116421,116433,116445,116454,11646330554
Gudmundite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeSbS1116459170
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O10037.36116402,116407,116445,116448,116452,1164676890
Hausmannite  (*)SpinelMn2+Mn3+2O41116470350
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O320137.39116401,116402,116407,116420,116430,116440,116448,116452,11646314640
Hercynite  (*)SpinelFe2+Al2O41116436407
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te100662116406,116407804
Hillebrandite  (*)NoneCa2SiO3(OH)2111644917
Hydroxylellestadite  (*)ApatiteCa5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5OH111644922
Idaite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3FeS42011451116440142
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O3201662116440,1164485433
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4201667116407,116421,116424,116440,116445,116448,1164545591
Killalaite  (*)NoneCa6.4[H0.6Si2O7]2(OH)211164495
Larnite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa2(SiO4)111646948
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O100663116448,116467,1164691271
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)3116401,116420,116421581
Leucite  (*)AnalcimeK(AlSi2O6)1116469233
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S4100661116448249
Lizardite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)41116436359
Luzonite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3AsS41116454198
Maghemite  (*)Spinel(Fe3+0.67   0.33)Fe3+2O4100662116448,116472229
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)11164121487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O420137.37116402,116420,116430,116436,116440,116448,11646414899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2124.637.39116400,116402,116431,116432,116445,116448,116460,116464,11646712537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)1116470770
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS220137.39116402,116418,116420,116437,116438,116439,116440,116445,1164485674
Matildite  (*)NoneAgBiS2100661116407252
Mckinstryite  (*)NoneAg5Cu3S410066111643151
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O80801116403915
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS265.536.694116397,116402,116449,1164645800
Monticellite  (*)OlivineCaMg(SiO4)1116449153
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O100662116448,1164721508
Mordenite  (*)Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96·28H2O100661116448405
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)210036.6913116397,116402,116406,116407,116421,116445,116448,116452,116463,116464,116465,116466,11646717380
Natroalunite  (*)AluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)61116454128
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O2116455,1164691236
Nepheline  (*)TridymiteNa3K(Al4Si4O16)1116469884
Orpiment  (*)OrpimentAs2S31116445511
Perovskite  (*)PerovskiteCaTiO31116449495
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)211164302273
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS220136.6925116397,116402,116404,116407,116408,116418,116420,116421,116422,116430,116431,116432,116437,116438,116439,116440,116445,116448,116452,116454,116463,116464,116465,116466,11646739462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO23116470,116471,1164723106
Pyrophyllite  (*)Clay PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)21116463771
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S820137.35116402,116420,116430,116440,1164489056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO22016620116401,116406,116407,116408,116418,116420,116422,116424,116430,116432,116433,116440,116445,116448,116454,116459,116463,116465,116466,11647261156
Realgar  (*)NoneAsS1116445712
Rustumite  (*)NoneCa10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl211164496
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO210055.84116418,116445,116448,1164645614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)39.1136.6911163974894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)11164242705
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)201664116440,116448,116459,1164656417
Silver  (*)CopperAg100663116401,116431,1164485186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS20136.6919116397,116402,116407,116408,116418,116420,116422,116424,116431,116432,116437,116438,116440,116445,116448,116454,116464,116465,11646721482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O4201663116436,116440,1164481934
Spurrite  (*)Spurrite-AfwilliteCa5(SiO4)2(CO3)111644954
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S32116445,1164593418
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS11164202045
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)211164363337
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S13201666116407,116437,116438,116440,116454,1164671803
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO65.555.811164641101
Tetradymite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2S100662116406,116407510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13100663116418,116465,1164675317
Tilleyite  (*)NoneCa5Si2O7(CO3)2111644919
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O1006611164484899
Tobermorite  (*)TobermoriteCa4Si6O17(H2O)2·(Ca·3H2O)1116449114
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O2116471,116472433
Trabzonite  (*)NoneCa4[Si3O9(OH)](OH)11164492
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)22116430,1164362562
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO211164242718
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)102116430,1164491395
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO311164491247
Yarrowite  (*)NoneCu9S810066111643170
Zinkenite  (*)ZinkenitePb9Sb22S422116445,116459228



17 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
PorphCu-0040139.1136.6937.9±1.21      Bornite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Epidote, Galena, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Scheelite, SphaleriteCu206220Bakircay Prospect, Merzifon, Amasya Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyBakircaySinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
PorphCu-00399124.6122.53122.9±1.7 – 122.6±0.7 (Ar-Ar)      MalachiteCu206218Berta Cu Deposit, Artvin, Artvin Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyBertaSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
PorphCu-0015037.337.337.3      Albite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Copper, Covellite, Enargite, Epidote, Galena, Hematite, Magnetite, Marcasite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, SphaleriteCu131133Gümüşhane Cu-Au Deposit, Artvin, Artvin Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyGümü?haneSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
vms-009568080Upper Cretaceous       S193484Akarsen Deposit, Murgul, Artvin Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyAkarsenMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
vms-0095910066Upper Cretaceous        9492Cakmakkaya Mine, Murgul Cu-Zn-Pb Deposit, Murgul, Artvin Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyAnayatak-CakmakkayaMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-009778080Upper Cretaceous       S193486Lahanos Cu-Zn-Pb Deposit, Giresun Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyLahanosMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
vms-0096610066Upper Cretaceous        126577Istala Zn-Pb-Cu Deposit, Gümüşhane Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyKalkanliMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-0097110066Upper Cretaceous        192198Köstere Deposit, Gümüşhane Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyKostereMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-00973201145Jurassic        237747Aşıköy Mine (Askoy Mine), Küre Copper Deposits, Küre, Kastamonu Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyKure (Asikoy)Moiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-00974201145Jurassic        237746Bakibaba Mine, Küre Copper Deposits, Küre, Kastamonu Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyKure (Bakibaba)Moiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-0097810066Upper Cretaceous        21755Madenköy Mine, Çayeli, Rize Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyMadenkoyMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-009808080Upper Cretaceous       S195460Tunca Deposit, Rize Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyTuncaMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
PorphCu-0039565.555.8Paleocene      Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Copper, Covellite, Cubanite, Cuprite, Digenite, Epidote, Magnetite, Malachite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Rutile, Sphalerite, TenoriteCu206212Güzelyayla Cu Deposit, Trabzon Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyGüzelyaylaSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
vms-0096710066Upper Cretaceous        21754Kanköy (Arslandede), Trabzon Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyKankoyMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 
vms-009728080Upper Cretaceous       S195454Kotarak Dere, Trabzon Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyKotarak DereMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
vms-009758080Upper Cretaceous       S195350Kutlular Mine, Trabzon Province, Black Sea Region, TurkeyKutlularMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
vms-0095810066Upper Cretaceous     Yes  28095Ergani Mine, Ergani (Arghana; Osmaniye; Erganiosmaniye), Diyarbakir Province, South-Eastern Anatolia Region, TurkeyAna Yatak-ErganiMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1034 


SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R150146Kop Dağı (Kop Mountain), Bayburt Province, Black Sea Region, Turkeyhttps://rruff.info/R150146


All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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